{
  "dataset": "MotoSpecDB OEM Motorcycle Fluid & Maintenance Specifications",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0 — Attribute MotoSpecDB (https://motospecdb.com)",
  "lastVerifiedDate": "2026-11-10",
  "companionApp": {
    "name": "MotoPing (모토핑)",
    "summary": "Free iOS & Android motorcycle crew GPS radar (up to 99 riders), wind-noise-filtered voice intercom, GPX coursebook, 3D GPX Course Replay video generator, and integrated 1,000-bike MotoSpecDB maintenance lookup.",
    "guideKo": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/motoping/",
    "guideEn": "https://motospecdb.com/en/motoping/",
    "web": "https://motoping.kr",
    "iosKr": "https://apps.apple.com/kr/app/%EB%AA%A8%ED%86%A0%ED%95%91-motoping-%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC-%EB%82%B4%EB%B9%84%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98/id6760685813",
    "iosEn": "https://apps.apple.com/us/app/motoping-motorcycle-gps-crew/id6760685813",
    "androidKr": "https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.campdal.motoping&hl=ko",
    "androidEn": "https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.campdal.motoping&hl=en"
  },
  "count": 1000,
  "tier1Count": 400,
  "tier2Count": 600,
  "bikes": [
    {
      "slug": "honda-ape-50-fi",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Ape 50 FI (AC16 / AC18)",
      "model_ko": "에이프 50 FI (AC16 / AC18)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2007–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "AC16",
        "AC18"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에이프50",
        "인젝션 에이프 50"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Ape 50 FI AC16 AC18",
        "XZ50 Ape"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 3.7,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 3.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.95,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-107-000 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-12 65J",
        "rear_size": "120/80-12 65J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 150
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "Battery-less Capacitor",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 84,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 60
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Ape 50 FI (AC16 / AC18) (2007–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Ape 50 FI (AC16 / AC18) (2007–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-ape-50-fi/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-ape-50-fi/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-ape-50-fi.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-little-cub-50",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Little Cub 50 FI (AA01)",
      "model_ko": "리틀커브 50 FI (AA01 14인치)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "1997–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "C50",
        "AA01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "리틀커브",
        "혼다 리틀커브 50"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Little Cub 50 AA01",
        "C50LM Little Cub"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 3.4,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 3.8,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.6,
        "with_filter_l": 0.6,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-035-010 (Screen + Spinner)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.50-14 32L",
        "rear_size": "2.75-14 35L",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 705,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 81,
        "fuel_tank_l": 3.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 68
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Little Cub 50 FI (AA01) (1997–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Little Cub 50 FI (AA01) (1997–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-little-cub-50/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-little-cub-50/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-little-cub-50.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-monkey-50-fi",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Monkey 50 FI (Z50J / AB27)",
      "model_ko": "몽키 50 FI (AB27 오리지널 8인치)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2009–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "AB27"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 몽키 50",
        "50주년 몽키",
        "AB27 몽키"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Monkey 50 FI AB27",
        "Z50J Monkey"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 3.4,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 3.4,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.6,
        "with_filter_l": 0.6,
        "overhaul_l": 0.7,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-035-010 (Screen + Spinner)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.50-8 35J",
        "rear_size": "3.50-8 35J",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 125,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 125,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 125,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 125
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTR4A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 68,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 65
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Monkey 50 FI (Z50J / AB27) (2009–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Monkey 50 FI (Z50J / AB27) (2009–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-monkey-50-fi/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-monkey-50-fi/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-monkey-50-fi.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-super-cub-50",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Super Cub 50 FI (AA04 / AA09)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼커브 50 FI (AA04 / AA09)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2012–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "AA04",
        "AA09"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "슈퍼커브 50",
        "원동기 커브 50"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Super Cub 50 AA09",
        "C50 FI"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 3.7,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 3.8,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "60/100-17 M/C 33P",
        "rear_size": "60/100-17 M/C 33P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S / CPR6EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 96,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 69
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Super Cub 50 FI (AA04 / AA09) (2012–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Super Cub 50 FI (AA04 / AA09) (2012–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-super-cub-50/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-50/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-super-cub-50.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-today-50",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Today 50 FI (AF67)",
      "model_ko": "투데이 50 FI (AF67)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "AF67"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 투데이 50",
        "인젝션 투데이"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Today 50 AF67",
        "NVS50 Today"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 4.1,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 3.7,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-10 46J",
        "rear_size": "80/100-10 46J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 125,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 125,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7HSA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 79,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 56
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Today 50 FI (AF67) (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Today 50 FI (AF67) (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-today-50/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-today-50/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-today-50.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-zoomer-50",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Zoomer 50 FI / Ruckus (AF58)",
      "model_ko": "줌머 50 FI (AF58 수랭 4스트로크)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2001–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "AF58",
        "NPS50"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "줌머50",
        "혼다 줌머",
        "인젝션 줌머",
        "Ruckus 50"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Zoomer 50 AF58",
        "NPS50 Ruckus"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 4.3,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 4,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.6,
        "with_filter_l": 0.6,
        "overhaul_l": 0.7,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 90,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (90 ml final gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/90-10 57J",
        "rear_size": "130/90-10 61J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 125,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 125,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 125,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK ER8EH-N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 88,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 55
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Zoomer 50 FI / Ruckus (AF58) (2001–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Zoomer 50 FI / Ruckus (AF58) (2001–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-zoomer-50/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-zoomer-50/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-zoomer-50.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-super-cub-90",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Super Cub 90 Custom / Deluxe (HA02)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼커브 90 (HA02 캬브레터 클래식)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "1980–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "HA02"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 커브 90",
        "철커브 HA02",
        "각커브 90"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Super Cub 90 HA02",
        "C90 Cub"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 85,
      "power_hp": 7,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 7.7,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.6,
        "with_filter_l": 0.6,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-035-010 (Screen + Centrifugal Spinner)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.50-17 38L",
        "rear_size": "2.50-17 43L",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK C6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 86,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 60
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Super Cub 90 Custom / Deluxe (HA02) (1980–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Super Cub 90 Custom / Deluxe (HA02) (1980–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-super-cub-90/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-90/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-super-cub-90.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-ape-100",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Ape 100 (HC07 / HC13)",
      "model_ko": "에이프 100 (HC07 / HC13)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2002–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "HC07",
        "HC13"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에이프100",
        "혼다 에이프",
        "에이프 100 디럭스",
        "Ape100 Type D"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Ape 100",
        "XZ100 HC07 HC13"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 99,
      "power_hp": 7,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 6.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-107-000 (Strainer Screen + Spinner)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-12 65J",
        "rear_size": "120/80-12 65J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA / CR7HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "Battery-less Capacitor",
        "battery_spec": "12V AC/DC Battery-less Kickstart",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 86,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 53
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Ape 100 (HC07 / HC13) (2002–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Ape 100 (HC07 / HC13) (2002–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-ape-100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-ape-100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-ape-100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-xr100-motard",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "XR100 Motard (HD13)",
      "model_ko": "XR100 모타드 (HD13)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2005–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "HD13"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엑스알 100 모타드",
        "혼다 XR100M"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda XR100 Motard HD13",
        "XR100M"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 99,
      "power_hp": 6.5,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 6.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-107-000 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-12 65J",
        "rear_size": "120/80-12 65J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "Battery-less Capacitor",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 92,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 50
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) XR100 Motard (HD13) (2005–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda XR100 Motard (HD13) (2005–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-xr100-motard/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-xr100-motard/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-xr100-motard.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-benly-110",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Benly 110 (JA09)",
      "model_ko": "벤리 110 (JA09)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JA09",
        "MW110"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "벤리110",
        "구형 벤리",
        "배달 벤리",
        "벤리 프로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Benly 110",
        "MW110 Benly JA09"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 108,
      "power_hp": 7.9,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 8.6,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 44J",
        "rear_size": "110/80-10 58J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR9EA-9 / MR8C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 113,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 48
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Benly 110 (JA09) (2012–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Benly 110 (JA09) (2012–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-benly-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-benly-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-benly-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-dio-110",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Dio 110 (JF31 / JF58)",
      "model_ko": "디오 110 (JF31 / JF58)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2011–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JF31",
        "JF58"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 디오 110",
        "디오110",
        "구형 비전 형제차"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Dio 110 JF58",
        "Breeze 110"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 108,
      "power_hp": 8.9,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 9.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-14 M/C 40P",
        "rear_size": "90/90-14 M/C 46P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR9EA-9 / MR8C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 100,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 50
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Dio 110 (JF31 / JF58) (2011–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Dio 110 (JF31 / JF58) (2011–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-dio-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-dio-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-dio-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-scr110-alpha",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "SCR110α (WH110)",
      "model_ko": "SCR110 알파 (WH110)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WH110T",
        "JF51"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "SCR110",
        "SCR110알파",
        "에스씨알 110",
        "구형 SCR"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda SCR110 Alpha",
        "Spacy 110",
        "Lead 110 Air"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 108,
      "power_hp": 8.7,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 9.1,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 44J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR9EA-9 / MR8C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 105,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 47
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) SCR110α (WH110) (2015–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda SCR110α (WH110) (2015–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-scr110-alpha/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-scr110-alpha/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-scr110-alpha.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-zoomer-x-110",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Zoomer-X 110 (JF38 / JF62)",
      "model_ko": "줌머-X 110 (JF38 / JF62)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JF38",
        "JF62"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "줌머X",
        "줌머 엑스 110"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Zoomer-X 110",
        "ACG110 Zoomer X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 108,
      "power_hp": 8.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 8.9,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-12 59J",
        "rear_size": "110/90-12 64J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR9EA-9 / MR8C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 763,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 107,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 50
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Zoomer-X 110 (JF38 / JF62) (2012–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Zoomer-X 110 (JF38 / JF62) (2012–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-zoomer-x-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-zoomer-x-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-zoomer-x-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cross-cub-110",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Cross Cub 110 (JA60)",
      "model_ko": "크로스커브 110 (JA60 캐스트휠·ABS)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JA60"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "크로스커브",
        "크로스커브110",
        "CC110",
        "캠핑 커브"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Cross Cub 110 JA60",
        "CC110"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 109,
      "power_hp": 8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 8.8,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-17M/C 44P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17M/C 44P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S / CPR6EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 784,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 107,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 62
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Cross Cub 110 (JA60) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Cross Cub 110 (JA60) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cross-cub-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cross-cub-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cross-cub-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cross-cub-110-ja45",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Cross Cub 110 Spoke (JA45)",
      "model_ko": "크로스커브 110 (구형 스포크휠 JA45)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2018–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JA45"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 크로스커브",
        "JA45 크로스커브"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Cross Cub 110 JA45",
        "CC110 Spoke"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 109,
      "power_hp": 8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 8.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-17 M/C 44P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17 M/C 44P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S / CPR6EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 784,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 106,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 61
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Cross Cub 110 Spoke (JA45) (2018–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Cross Cub 110 Spoke (JA45) (2018–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cross-cub-110-ja45/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cross-cub-110-ja45/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cross-cub-110-ja45.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-dream-110i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Super Dream 110i (ND110)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼드림 110i (ND110)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2011–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JA16",
        "ND110"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 드림 110",
        "슈퍼드림 110"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Super Dream 110i",
        "Dream 110 ND110"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 109,
      "power_hp": 8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 8.4,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KWW-740 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/90-17 M/C 38P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17 M/C 50P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S / CPR6EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 745,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 99,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 60
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Super Dream 110i (ND110) (2011–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Super Dream 110i (ND110) (2011–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-dream-110i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-dream-110i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-dream-110i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-navi-110",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Navi 110 (NVA110B)",
      "model_ko": "내비 110 (NVA110B)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NVA110B",
        "ME4JF"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 나비 110",
        "내비110",
        "오토매틱 미니모토"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Navi 110",
        "NVA110"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 109,
      "power_hp": 7.9,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 8.9,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 54J",
        "rear_size": "90/100-10 53J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 107,
        "fuel_tank_l": 3.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 46
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Navi 110 (NVA110B) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Navi 110 (NVA110B) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-navi-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-navi-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-navi-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-super-cub-110",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Super Cub 110 (JA59)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼커브 110 (JA59)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JA59"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "슈퍼커브",
        "혼다 슈퍼커브 110",
        "커브 110",
        "신형 슈퍼커브 JA59"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Super Cub 110 JA59",
        "Cub 110 ABS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 109,
      "power_hp": 8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 8.8,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/90-17 M/C 38P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17 M/C 50P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ4V / YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.0–3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 738,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 101,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 65
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 4000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 슈퍼커브 110 (JA59) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Super Cub 110 (JA59) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-super-cub-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-super-cub-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-super-cub-110-ja44",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Super Cub 110 Spoke (JA10 / JA44)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼커브 110 (구형 스포크휠·드럼 JA10 / JA44)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2012–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JA10",
        "JA44"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 슈퍼커브 110",
        "2018 슈퍼커브",
        "스포크 커브 110"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Super Cub 110 JA44",
        "NBC110 JA10"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 109,
      "power_hp": 8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 8.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/90-17 M/C 38P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17 M/C 50P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S / CPR6EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 99,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 62
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Super Cub 110 Spoke (JA10 / JA44) (2012–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Super Cub 110 Spoke (JA10 / JA44) (2012–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-super-cub-110-ja44/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-110-ja44/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-super-cub-110-ja44.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-vision-110",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Vision 110 (NSC110 JK03)",
      "model_ko": "비전 110 (NSC110 JK03)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JK03",
        "NSC110"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "비전110",
        "혼다 비전",
        "신형 비전 스마트키"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Vision 110",
        "NSC110",
        "Dio 110 JK03"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 109,
      "power_hp": 8.7,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 9,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 70,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (70 ml drain / 90 ml disassembly)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-16 M/C 43P",
        "rear_size": "90/90-14 M/C 46P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR9EA-9 / MR8C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 100,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 52
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Vision 110 (NSC110 JK03) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Vision 110 (NSC110 JK03) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-vision-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-vision-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-vision-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-activa-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Activa 125 FI (HET eSP)",
      "model_ko": "액티바 125 FI (HET eSP)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME4JF91"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 액티바 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Activa 125 BS6",
        "Activa 125 FI"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 8.3,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 10.4,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 54J",
        "rear_size": "90/100-10 53J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR9EA-9 / MR8C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 712,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 110,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 51
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Activa 125 FI (HET eSP) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Activa 125 FI (HET eSP) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-activa-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-activa-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-activa-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb125f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB125F (JC84 eSP)",
      "model_ko": "CB125F (JC84 신형 eSP)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JC84"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비125F",
        "혼다 통근 125 수동",
        "CBF125 후속"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB125F JC84",
        "GLR125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 10.9,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 10.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-18 M/C 47P",
        "rear_size": "90/90-18 M/C 51P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 117,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 66.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB125F (JC84 eSP) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB125F (JC84 eSP) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb125f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb125f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb125f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cg125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CG125 (JC30 OHV)",
      "model_ko": "CG125 (JC30 푸시로드 OHV)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1998–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JC27",
        "JC30"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CG125",
        "씨지 125 클래식"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CG125",
        "CG 125 OHV JC30"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 11,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 9.8,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-107-000 (Mesh Thimble Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.75-18 42P",
        "rear_size": "90/90-18 57P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 115,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CG125 (JC30 OHV) (1998–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CG125 (JC30 OHV) (1998–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cg125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cg125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cg125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-ct125-hunter-cub",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CT125 Hunter Cub / Trail 125 (JA65)",
      "model_ko": "CT125 헌터커브 (JA65)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JA65"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "헌터커브",
        "혼다 CT125",
        "트레일 125",
        "캠핑 커브"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Trail 125 ABS",
        "CT125 JA65"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.1,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 10.8,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-17 M/C 44P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17 M/C 50P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 118,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 60
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 CT125 Hunter Cub / Trail 125 (JA65) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Honda CT125 Hunter Cub / Trail 125 (JA65) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-ct125-hunter-cub/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-ct125-hunter-cub/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-ct125-hunter-cub.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-dax-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "ST125 Dax (JB04 / JB06)",
      "model_ko": "ST125 닥스 125 (JB04)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JB04",
        "JB06",
        "ST125A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 닥스 125",
        "닥스125",
        "ST125 닥스",
        "닥스훈트 바이크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Dax 125",
        "ST125 JB04",
        "Dax ST125 ABS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.4,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 10.8,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-K0N-D01 / 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 M/C 51L",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 M/C 56L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 107,
        "fuel_tank_l": 3.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 63.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 ST125 Dax (JB04 / ST125A) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda ST125 Dax (JB04 / ST125A) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-dax-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-dax-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-dax-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-lead-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Lead 125 (JK12 eSP+)",
      "model_ko": "리드 125 (JK12 eSP+)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JK12"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "리드125",
        "신형 리드 125",
        "리드 eSP+"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Lead 125 JK12",
        "NHX125 Lead"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 11.3,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 44J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 116,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 49
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Lead 125 (JK12 eSP+) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Lead 125 (JK12 eSP+) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-lead-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-lead-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-lead-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-monkey-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Monkey 125 (JB03 / JB05 5-Speed)",
      "model_ko": "몽키 125 (JB03 / JB05)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JB03",
        "JB05",
        "Z125MA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 몽키 125",
        "몽키125",
        "신형 몽키 5단",
        "JB03"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Z125MA",
        "Monkey 125 JB03",
        "Monkey 125 JB05"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.4,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 11,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-K0N-D01 / 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-12 65J",
        "rear_size": "130/80-12 69J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 104,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 67
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 Monkey 125 (JB03 / Z125MA) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda Monkey 125 (JB03 / Z125MA) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-monkey-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-monkey-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-monkey-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-msx-grom-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "MSX125 Grom (JC92 5-Speed)",
      "model_ko": "MSX 그롬 125 (JC92)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JC92"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MSX 125",
        "그롬 125",
        "엠에스엑스",
        "혼다 MSX 그롬"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Grom 125",
        "MSX125 JC92",
        "Honda MSX Grom"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.8,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 10.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-K0N-D01 / 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 M/C 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 M/C 56P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 761,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 103,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 65
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 MSX125 Grom (JC92) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda MSX125 Grom (JC92) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-msx-grom-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-msx-grom-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-msx-grom-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-super-cub-c125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Super Cub C125 (JA58 / JA71)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼커브 C125 (JA58)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JA58",
        "JA71"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 C125",
        "슈퍼커브 125",
        "프리미엄 커브"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda C125 ABS",
        "Super Cub 125 JA58"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 10.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/90-17 M/C 38P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17 M/C 50P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 110,
        "fuel_tank_l": 3.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 66
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 Super Cub C125 (JA58) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Honda Super Cub C125 (JA58) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-super-cub-c125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-super-cub-c125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-super-cub-c125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb125r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB125R (JC91 DOHC Neo Sports Café)",
      "model_ko": "CB125R (JC91 DOHC)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JC91",
        "CBF125NA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CB125R",
        "씨비125알",
        "네오 스포츠 카페 125",
        "CB125R 신형"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB125R NA",
        "CB 125 R JC91",
        "Neo Sports Cafe 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.6,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KSP-910 (Internal Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR9C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 816,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 130,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 CB125R (JC91 / CBF125NA) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB125R (JC91 / CBF125NA) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb125r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb125r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb125r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr125r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR125R (JC39 / JC50)",
      "model_ko": "CBR125R (JC39 / JC50)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2007–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JC39",
        "JC50"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비알125R",
        "혼다 125알",
        "입문용 CBR125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR125R JC50",
        "CBR 125R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 13.3,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 10.4,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-035-010 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 137,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR125R (JC39 / JC50) (2007–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR125R (JC39 / JC50) (2007–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr125r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr125r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr125r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-elite-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Elite 125 FI",
      "model_ko": "엘리트 125 FI",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SDH125T"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엘리트125",
        "혼다 엘리트 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Elite 125 FI",
        "Grazia / RX125 FI"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 9.4,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 10.3,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 44J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR9EA-9 / MR8C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 110,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 42
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Elite 125 FI (2017–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Elite 125 FI (2017–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-elite-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-elite-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-elite-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-giorno-plus-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Giorno+ 125 (eSP+)",
      "model_ko": "지오르노 플러스 125 (eSP+)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JK19"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 지오르노 125",
        "지오르노+",
        "스틸레토 클래식 스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Giorno+ 125",
        "Stylo 160 / Giorno Plus"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 11.5,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 11.6,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.85,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-12 59J",
        "rear_size": "110/90-12 64J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 118,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 48
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Giorno+ 125 (eSP+) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Giorno+ 125 (eSP+) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-giorno-plus-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-giorno-plus-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-giorno-plus-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-monkey-125-jb02",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Monkey 125 4-Speed (JB02)",
      "model_ko": "몽키 125 (구형 4단 JB02)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2018–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JB02"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 몽키 125",
        "JB02 몽키",
        "몽키 4단"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Monkey 125 JB02",
        "Z125MA 4-Speed"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 9.4,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 11,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KSP-910 (Screen + Centrifugal Spinner)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-12 65J",
        "rear_size": "130/80-12 69J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR6EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 107,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 60
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Monkey 125 4-Speed (JB02) (2018–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Monkey 125 4-Speed (JB02) (2018–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-monkey-125-jb02/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-monkey-125-jb02/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-monkey-125-jb02.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-msx125-sf",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "MSX125 / SF (JC61 / JC75 4-Speed)",
      "model_ko": "MSX125 / SF (구형 4단 JC61 / JC75)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2013–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JC61",
        "JC75"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 엠에스엑스",
        "MSX125SF",
        "엠엑스 125 4단"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Grom Gen 1 Gen 2",
        "MSX125 JC61 JC75"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 9.8,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 10.9,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KSP-910 (Screen + Centrifugal Spinner)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51L",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR6EA-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 104,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 58
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) MSX125 / SF (JC61 / JC75 4-Speed) (2013–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda MSX125 / SF (JC61 / JC75 4-Speed) (2013–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-msx125-sf/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-msx125-sf/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-msx125-sf.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-pcx-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "PCX 125 (eSP+ JK05)",
      "model_ko": "PCX 125 (eSP+ JK05)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JK05",
        "WW125A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "피씨엑스 125",
        "혼다 PCX",
        "PCX JK05",
        "신형 PCX 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda PCX125",
        "PCX 125 JK05",
        "WW125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.5,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 11.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40 (고온/혹서기 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-K0R-V00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml drain / 140 ml disassembly)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-14 M/C 50P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GTZ8V / YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 764,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 133,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 PCX 125 (JK05/WW125) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda PCX 125 (JK05 / WW125) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Schedule & Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-pcx-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-pcx-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-pcx-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-pcx-125-jf28",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "PCX 125 Gen 1 (JF28)",
      "model_ko": "PCX 125 1세대 (JF28 초기형·eSP)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2010–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JF28"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1세대 PCX",
        "PCX JF28",
        "2010 PCX 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda PCX 125 JF28",
        "WW125EX2"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 11.7,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 11.7,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-14 M/C 46P",
        "rear_size": "100/90-14 M/C 57P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9 / MR8C-9N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 128,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 44
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) PCX 125 Gen 1 (JF28) (2010–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda PCX 125 Gen 1 (JF28) (2010–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-pcx-125-jf28/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-pcx-125-jf28/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-pcx-125-jf28.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-pcx-125-jf81",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "PCX 125 (eSP JF56 / JF81)",
      "model_ko": "PCX 125 (구형 2밸브 eSP JF56 / JF81)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JF56",
        "JF81"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "PCX JF81",
        "PCX JF56",
        "구형 PCX 125",
        "2018 PCX",
        "LED PCX"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "PCX 125 JF81",
        "PCX 125 JF56",
        "WW125 JF81"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.2,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 11.8,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-14 M/C 48P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-14 M/C 55P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 764,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 130,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 46
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) PCX 125 (eSP JF56 / JF81) (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda PCX 125 (eSP JF56 / JF81) (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-pcx-125-jf81/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-pcx-125-jf81/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-pcx-125-jf81.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-sh125i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "SH125i (JF90 eSP+)",
      "model_ko": "SH125i (JF90 하이휠 스쿠터)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JF90"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 SH125",
        "유럽형 하이휠 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda SH125i",
        "SH 125 JF90"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 13,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 0.95,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-16 M/C 50P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-16 M/C 60P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 799,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 137,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 44.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) SH125i (JF90 eSP+) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda SH125i (JF90 eSP+) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-sh125i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-sh125i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-sh125i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-wave-125i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Wave 125i / Innova 125 (AFS125)",
      "model_ko": "웨이브 125i / 이노바 125 (AFS125)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2012–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "JC52",
        "AFS125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 웨이브 125",
        "이노바 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Wave 125i",
        "ANF125i Innova"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 9.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 10.2,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.7,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KSP-910 (Screen + Spinner)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/90-17 M/C 38P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17 M/C 50P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9S / CPR6EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 758,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 106,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 58
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Wave 125i / Innova 125 (AFS125) (2012–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Wave 125i / Innova 125 (AFS125) (2012–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-wave-125i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-wave-125i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-wave-125i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-adv-150",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "ADV 150 (KF38)",
      "model_ko": "ADV 150 (KF38)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2019–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF38"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에이디브이 150",
        "혼다 ADV150"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda ADV150",
        "X-ADV 150 KF38"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 149,
      "power_hp": 14.5,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 13.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-14 M/C 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 M/C 57P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8K-9 / CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) ADV 150 (KF38) (2019–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda ADV 150 (KF38) (2019–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-adv-150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-adv-150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-adv-150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-pcx-150",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "PCX 150 (KF12 / KF18 / KF30)",
      "model_ko": "PCX 150 (KF12 / KF18 / KF30)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF12",
        "KF18",
        "KF30"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "피씨엑스 150",
        "PCX150",
        "구형 150 스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda PCX150",
        "WW150 KF30"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 149,
      "power_hp": 14.8,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 13.6,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-14 M/C 48P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-14 M/C 55P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 764,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 131,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) PCX 150 (KF12 / KF18 / KF30) (2012–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda PCX 150 (KF12 / KF18 / KF30) (2012–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-pcx-150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-pcx-150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-pcx-150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-adv-160",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "ADV 160 (KF54 eSP+)",
      "model_ko": "ADV 160 (KF54 eSP+)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF54"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에이디브이 160",
        "혼다 ADV160"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda ADV160",
        "ADV 160 KF54"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 156,
      "power_hp": 16,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 14.7,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.85,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-14 M/C 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 M/C 57P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 136,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 42.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) ADV 160 (KF54 eSP+) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda ADV 160 (KF54 eSP+) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-adv-160/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-adv-160/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-adv-160.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-airblade-160",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "AirBlade 160 (eSP+)",
      "model_ko": "에어블레이드 160 (eSP+)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF46"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에어블레이드",
        "혼다 에어블레이드 160"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda AirBlade 160",
        "Air Blade 160"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 156,
      "power_hp": 15.2,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 14.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.85,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/80-14 M/C 43P",
        "rear_size": "100/80-14 M/C 48P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 114,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 44
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) AirBlade 160 (eSP+) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda AirBlade 160 (eSP+) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-airblade-160/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-airblade-160/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-airblade-160.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-pcx-160",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "PCX 160 (KF47 eSP+)",
      "model_ko": "PCX 160 (KF47 eSP+)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF47",
        "WW160"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "피씨엑스 160",
        "PCX160",
        "혼다 160 스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda PCX160",
        "WW160 KF47"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 156,
      "power_hp": 15.8,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 14.7,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-14 M/C 50P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 764,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 133,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 42
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) PCX 160 (KF47 eSP+) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda PCX 160 (KF47 eSP+) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-pcx-160/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-pcx-160/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-pcx-160.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-vario-160",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Vario 160 / Click 160 (KF42)",
      "model_ko": "바리오 160 / 클릭 160 (KF42)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF42"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "클릭 160",
        "바리오 160",
        "혼다 클릭"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Vario 160",
        "Honda Click 160"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 156,
      "power_hp": 15.4,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 13.8,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.85,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-14 M/C 48P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-14 M/C 61P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 778,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 117,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 46.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Vario 160 / Click 160 (KF42) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Vario 160 / Click 160 (KF42) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-vario-160/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-vario-160/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-vario-160.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-sh150i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "SH150i (KF40 eSP+)",
      "model_ko": "SH150i (KF40 하이휠 스쿠터)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF40"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 SH150",
        "SH 150i"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda SH150i",
        "SH 150 KF40"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 157,
      "power_hp": 16.9,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 14.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 0.95,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KPL-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (120 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-16 M/C 50P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-16 M/C 60P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 799,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 137,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) SH150i (KF40 eSP+) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda SH150i (KF40 eSP+) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-sh150i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-sh150i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-sh150i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb223s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB223S (MC40)",
      "model_ko": "CB223S (MC40 클래식 단기통)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2008–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC40"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CB223S",
        "씨비 223"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB223S MC40"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 223,
      "power_hp": 16,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 18,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-107-000 (Mesh Thimble Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-18M/C 51S",
        "rear_size": "110/90-18M/C 61S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 135,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB223S (MC40) (2008–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB223S (MC40) (2008–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb223s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb223s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb223s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-ftr223",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "FTR223 (MC34)",
      "model_ko": "FTR223 (MC34 플랫트래커)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2000–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC34"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 FTR223",
        "에프티알 223"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda FTR223 MC34",
        "FTR 223 Flat Tracker"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 223,
      "power_hp": 19,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 21,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-107-000 (Mesh Thimble Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/90-18 M/C 65P",
        "rear_size": "120/90-18 M/C 65P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 128,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) FTR223 (MC34) (2000–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda FTR223 (MC34) (2000–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-ftr223/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-ftr223/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-ftr223.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-helix-cn250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CN250 Helix / Fusion (MF02)",
      "model_ko": "퓨전 250 / 헬릭스 (CN250 MF02)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "1986–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MF02"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 퓨전",
        "퓨전250",
        "CN250 헬릭스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CN250 Helix",
        "Honda Fusion 250 MF02"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 244,
      "power_hp": 19,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 21,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KM1-000 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (170 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/100-12 67J",
        "rear_size": "120/90-10 66J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 665,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 170,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CN250 Helix / Fusion (MF02) (1986–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CN250 Helix / Fusion (MF02) (1986–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-helix-cn250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-helix-cn250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-helix-cn250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-faze-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Faze 250 (MF11)",
      "model_ko": "페이즈 250 (MF11)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2009–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MF11"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 페이즈",
        "페이즈250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Faze 250",
        "Faze Type-S MF11"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 248,
      "power_hp": 23,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 23,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (170 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90-13 M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-12 M/C 60P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 180,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Faze 250 (MF11) (2009–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Faze 250 (MF11) (2009–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-faze-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-faze-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-faze-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-forza-250-mf10",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Forza Z 250 (MF10 S-Matic)",
      "model_ko": "포르자 Z 250 (MF10 전자변속)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2008–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MF10"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 포르자 250",
        "MF10",
        "포르자 젯"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Forza Z MF10",
        "NSS250 Reflex MF10"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 248,
      "power_hp": 22,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (170 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90-13 M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-12 M/C 60P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 201,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Forza Z 250 (MF10 S-Matic) (2008–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Forza Z 250 (MF10 S-Matic) (2008–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-forza-250-mf10/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-forza-250-mf10/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-forza-250-mf10.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb250r-mc52",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB250R Neo Sports Cafe (MC52)",
      "model_ko": "CB250R 네오 스포츠 카페 (MC52)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC52"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비250R",
        "일본 내수용 CB250R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB250R MC52",
        "CBF250NA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 27.2,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 23,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 144,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB250R Neo Sports Cafe (MC52) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB250R Neo Sports Cafe (MC52) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb250r-mc52/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb250r-mc52/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb250r-mc52.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr250r-mc41",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR250R (MC41)",
      "model_ko": "CBR250R (MC41 단기통)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2011–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC41"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비알250R",
        "MC41",
        "단기통 250알",
        "구형 CBR250R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR250R MC41",
        "CBR250RA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 26.4,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 22.9,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 784,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 162,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR250R (MC41) (2011–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR250R (MC41) (2011–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr250r-mc41/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr250r-mc41/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr250r-mc41.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr250rr-mc22",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR250RR Inline-Four (MC22)",
      "model_ko": "CBR250RR (MC22 4기통 기어캠 19,000rpm)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1990–1999",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC22"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MC22",
        "구형 4기통 250RR",
        "19000알피엠 불바늘"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR250RR MC22",
        "Baby Blade MC22"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 15000,
      "torque_nm": 23.5,
      "torque_rpm": 12000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MM9-013 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/60R17 63H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 725,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 157,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR250RR Inline-Four (MC22) (1990–1999) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR250RR Inline-Four (MC22) (1990–1999) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr250rr-mc22/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr250rr-mc22/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr250rr-mc22.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr250rr-mc51",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR250RR (MC51)",
      "model_ko": "CBR250RR (MC51 병렬 2기통)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC51"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 250RR",
        "MC51",
        "씨비알 250 더블알"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR250RR MC51",
        "CBR250RR Twin"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 41,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 25,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.9,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR250RR (MC51) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR250RR (MC51) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr250rr-mc51/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr250rr-mc51/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr250rr-mc51.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cl250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CL250 Scrambler (MC57)",
      "model_ko": "CL250 스크램블러 (MC57)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC57"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CL250",
        "씨엘 250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CL250 MC57",
        "CL 250 Scrambler"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 24,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 23,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R19M/C 59H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R17M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 172,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CL250 Scrambler (MC57) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CL250 Scrambler (MC57) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cl250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cl250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cl250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-crf250-rally",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CRF250 Rally (MD44)",
      "model_ko": "CRF250 랠리 (MD44)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MD44"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CRF 250 랠리",
        "다카르 랠리 250",
        "혼다 250 랠리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CRF250RL",
        "CRF250LA Rally"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 24.4,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 22.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.45,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.00-21 51P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 150
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 895,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 157,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CRF250 Rally (MD44) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CRF250 Rally (MD44) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf250-rally/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-crf250-rally/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-crf250-rally.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-crf250l",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CRF250L (MD38 / MD44)",
      "model_ko": "CRF250L (MD38 / MD44)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2012–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MD38",
        "MD44"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CRF250",
        "씨알에프 250L",
        "혼다 임도 입문 250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CRF250L",
        "CRF250LA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 24.4,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 22.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.45,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.00-21 51P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 150
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 146,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 32.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CRF250L (MD38 / MD44) (2012–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CRF250L (MD38 / MD44) (2012–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf250l/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-crf250l/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-crf250l.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-crf250m",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CRF250M Motard (MD38)",
      "model_ko": "CRF250M 모타드 (MD38)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2013–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MD38"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CRF250M",
        "씨알에프 모타드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CRF250M",
        "CRF 250M Supermoto"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 23.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.45,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17M/C 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 855,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 145,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 32
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CRF250M Motard (MD38) (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CRF250M Motard (MD38) (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf250m/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-crf250m/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-crf250m.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-hornet-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Hornet 250 (CB250F MC31)",
      "model_ko": "호넷 250 (CB250F MC31 4기통)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "1996–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC31"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "호넷250",
        "구형 호넷 250",
        "MC31 4기통"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Hornet 250 MC31",
        "CB250F Hornet"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 24,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.4,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204 (or early HF303)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70ZR16 M/C (61W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9 / CR9EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 745,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Hornet 250 (CB250F MC31) (1996–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Hornet 250 (CB250F MC31) (1996–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-hornet-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-hornet-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-hornet-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-magna-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "V-Twin Magna 250 (MC29)",
      "model_ko": "V-트윈 마그나 250 (MC29)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1994–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC29"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "마그나250",
        "혼다 마그나",
        "브이트윈 마그나"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Magna 250 MC29",
        "VT250C V-Twin Magna"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 27,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 23,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.9,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-KEA-003 / HF111",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-17 61S",
        "rear_size": "150/80-15 M/C 70S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 184,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) V-Twin Magna 250 (MC29) (1994–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda V-Twin Magna 250 (MC29) (1994–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-magna-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-magna-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-magna-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-rebel-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Rebel 250 (CMX250 MC49)",
      "model_ko": "레블 250 (CMX250 MC49)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC49"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 레블 250",
        "일본 베스트셀러 레블"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Rebel 250 MC49",
        "CMX250 Rebel"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 26,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16M/C 67H",
        "rear_size": "150/80-16M/C 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 171,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Rebel 250 (CMX250 MC49) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Rebel 250 (CMX250 MC49) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-rebel-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-rebel-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-rebel-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-vtr250-mc33",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "VTR250 FI (MC33)",
      "model_ko": "VTR250 FI (MC33 90° V-트윈)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2009–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MC33"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 VTR250",
        "브이티알 250",
        "일제 몬스터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda VTR250 MC33",
        "VTR250F"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 30,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.9,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-KEA-003 / HF111",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 161,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) VTR250 FI (MC33) (2009–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda VTR250 FI (MC33) (2009–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-vtr250-mc33/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-vtr250-mc33/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-vtr250-mc33.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-xr250-md30",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "XR250 / Baja / Motard (MD30)",
      "model_ko": "XR250 / 바하 / 모타드 (MD30 공랭 RFVC)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "1995–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MD30"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 XR250",
        "XR250 바하",
        "MD30"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda XR250 MD30",
        "XR250 Baja",
        "XR250 Motard"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 28,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 25,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-HM5-A10 / HF113",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.00-21 51P",
        "rear_size": "4.60-18 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 150
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 133,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) XR250 / Baja / Motard (MD30) (1995–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda XR250 / Baja / Motard (MD30) (1995–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-xr250-md30/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-xr250-md30/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-xr250-md30.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-forza-300",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Forza 300 (NSS300 MF13)",
      "model_ko": "포르자 300 (NSS300 MF13 전동스크린)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MF13",
        "NF07",
        "NSS300A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "포르자300",
        "구형 포르자 300",
        "올뉴 포르자 300",
        "NSS300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Forza 300 MF13",
        "NSS300 2018-2020"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 279,
      "power_hp": 25.2,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 27.2,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (170 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15 M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-14 M/C 68P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 182,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Forza 300 (NSS300 MF13) (2018–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Forza 300 (NSS300 MF13) (2018–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-forza-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-forza-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-forza-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-sh300i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "SH300i (NF02 / NF05)",
      "model_ko": "SH300i (NF02 / NF05)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2007–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NF02",
        "NF05"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 SH300",
        "하이휠 300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda SH300i",
        "SH 300 NF05"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 279,
      "power_hp": 25.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 25.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (170 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-16 M/C 52S",
        "rear_size": "130/70R16 M/C 61S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 169,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 32
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) SH300i (NF02 / NF05) (2007–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda SH300i (NF02 / NF05) (2007–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-sh300i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-sh300i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-sh300i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb300r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB300R Neo Sports Cafe (NC55)",
      "model_ko": "CB300R 네오 스포츠 카페 (NC55)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC55",
        "CBF300NA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비300R",
        "혼다 CB300R",
        "삼백알",
        "쿼터 네오스포츠카페"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB300R",
        "CBF300NA NC55"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 286,
      "power_hp": 31.1,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 27.5,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 799,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 144,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB300R Neo Sports Cafe (NC55) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB300R Neo Sports Cafe (NC55) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb300r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb300r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb300r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr300r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR300R (NC51)",
      "model_ko": "CBR300R (NC51)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2014–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC51"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비알300R",
        "혼다 300알",
        "CBR 300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR300R",
        "CBR300RA NC51"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 286,
      "power_hp": 30.9,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 7250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 164,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR300R (NC51) (2014–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR300R (NC51) (2014–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr300r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr300r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr300r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cl300",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CL300 Scrambler (NC62)",
      "model_ko": "CL300 스크램블러 (NC62)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC62"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CL300",
        "씨엘 300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CL300",
        "SCL300 Scrambler"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 286,
      "power_hp": 26.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 26.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R19M/C 59H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R17M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 172,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CL300 Scrambler (NC62) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CL300 Scrambler (NC62) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cl300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cl300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cl300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-crf300l",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CRF300L / CRF300 Rally (ND16)",
      "model_ko": "CRF300L / 랠리",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ND16"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CRF300L",
        "CRF300 랠리",
        "임도 입문 바이크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CRF300L ABS",
        "CRF300LR Rally ND16"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 286,
      "power_hp": 27.3,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 26.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF103",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21 M/C 51P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Iridium non-adj.)",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 880,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 142,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 CRF300L / CRF300 Rally (ND16) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Honda CRF300L / CRF300LR Rally (ND16) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf300l/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-crf300l/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-crf300l.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-rebel-300",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Rebel 300 (CMX300 NC53)",
      "model_ko": "레블 300 (CMX300 NC53)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC53",
        "CMX300A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 레블 300",
        "CMX300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Rebel 300",
        "CMX300A NC53"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 286,
      "power_hp": 27.4,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 26.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-KYJ-902 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16M/C 67H",
        "rear_size": "150/80-16M/C 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SIMR8A9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 170,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Rebel 300 (CMX300 NC53) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Rebel 300 (CMX300 NC53) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-rebel-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-rebel-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-rebel-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-adv-350",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "ADV 350",
      "model_ko": "ADV 350",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NF13",
        "ADV350A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 ADV350",
        "에이디브이 350",
        "어드벤처 스쿠터 350"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda ADV350",
        "ADV350A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 330,
      "power_hp": 29.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 31.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (170 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15 M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-14 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / FTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 ADV350 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 (Honda Moto Pub) 정비 규격 기준",
        "en": "Honda ADV350 Official Owner’s Manual (Honda Moto Pub) Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-adv-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-adv-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-adv-350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-forza-350",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Forza 350 (NSS350)",
      "model_ko": "포르자 350 (NSS350)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NF10",
        "NF12",
        "NSS350A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "포르자350",
        "혼다 포르자",
        "NSS350",
        "신형 포르자"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda NSS350",
        "Forza350",
        "NSS 350A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 330,
      "power_hp": 29.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 31.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (170 ml drain)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15 M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-14 M/C 68P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8L-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / FTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 184,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 Forza 350 (NSS350) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기술 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Forza 350 (NSS350) Official Owner’s Manual Technical Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-forza-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-forza-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-forza-350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-sh350i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "SH350i (NF11 eSP+)",
      "model_ko": "SH350i (NF11 eSP+)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NF11"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 SH350",
        "신형 하이휠 350"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda SH350i",
        "SH 350 NF11"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 330,
      "power_hp": 29.4,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 32,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.85,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 JASO MB (170 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-16 M/C 52S",
        "rear_size": "130/70R16 M/C 61S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 174,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) SH350i (NF11 eSP+) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda SH350i (NF11 eSP+) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-sh350i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-sh350i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-sh350i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-gb350",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "GB350 / GB350C / CB350 (NC59)",
      "model_ko": "GB350 / CB350 (NC59)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC59",
        "NC64"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "GB350",
        "GB350C",
        "혼다 CB350",
        "GB350S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda GB350 NC59",
        "Honda Hness CB350",
        "GB350C Classic"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 348,
      "power_hp": 20.3,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 29,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.05,
        "overhaul_l": 2.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-K0N-D01 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "130/70-18 M/C 63H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR6K-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 179,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 GB350 / GB350C / CB350 (NC59 / NC64) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda GB350 / GB350C / CB350 (NC59 / NC64) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-gb350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-gb350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-gb350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-gb350s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "GB350S / CB350RS (NC59)",
      "model_ko": "GB350S / CB350RS (NC59 스포티 로드스터)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC59"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 GB350S",
        "CB350RS",
        "지비350 에스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda GB350S",
        "Honda CB350RS NC59"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 348,
      "power_hp": 20.8,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 29,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MGS-D21 / HF117",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R17M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 178,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 39
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) GB350S / CB350RS (NC59) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda GB350S / CB350RS (NC59) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-gb350s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-gb350s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-gb350s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb400ss",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB400SS (NC41)",
      "model_ko": "CB400SS (NC41 공랭 빅싱글)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2001–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC41"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CB400SS",
        "씨비400 에스에스",
        "SR400 라이벌"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB400SS NC41",
        "Standard Single 400"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 397,
      "power_hp": 29,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 31,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.7,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-HM5-A10 / HF113",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19M/C 57S",
        "rear_size": "110/90-18M/C 61S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8Z",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 159,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB400SS (NC41) (2001–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB400SS (NC41) (2001–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb400ss/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb400ss/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb400ss.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb400sb-revo",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB400 Super Bol d'Or Hyper VTEC Revo (NC42)",
      "model_ko": "CB400 슈퍼 볼도르 Hyper VTEC Revo (NC42)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2008–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC42"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "슈퍼볼도르",
        "CB400SB",
        "볼도르 400",
        "CB400 하프카울"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "CB400SB",
        "CB400 Super Bol dOr NC42"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 38,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/60ZR17 M/C (55W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB400 Super Bol d'Or Hyper VTEC Revo (NC42) (2008–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB400 Super Bol d'Or Hyper VTEC Revo (NC42) (2008–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb400sb-revo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb400sb-revo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb400sb-revo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb400sf-revo",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB400 Super Four Hyper VTEC Revo (NC42)",
      "model_ko": "CB400 슈퍼포 Hyper VTEC Revo (NC42)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2008–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC42"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CB400SF",
        "슈퍼포 400",
        "CB400 레보",
        "NC42 슈퍼포"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "CB400SF Revo",
        "CB400 Super Four NC42",
        "Hyper VTEC Revo"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 38,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/60ZR17 M/C (55W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 201,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB400 Super Four Hyper VTEC Revo (NC42) (2008–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB400 Super Four Hyper VTEC Revo (NC42) (2008–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb400sf-revo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb400sf-revo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb400sf-revo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb400sf-spec3",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB400SF Hyper VTEC Spec III (NC39)",
      "model_ko": "CB400SF Hyper VTEC Spec III (NC39 캬브레터)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2004–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC39"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CB400 스펙3",
        "NC39",
        "캬브 슈포"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB400SF Spec 3 NC39",
        "CB400 VTEC III"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 38,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/60ZR17 M/C (55W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 194,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB400SF Hyper VTEC Spec III (NC39) (2004–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB400SF Hyper VTEC Spec III (NC39) (2004–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb400sf-spec3/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb400sf-spec3/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb400sf-spec3.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb400x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB400X (NC47 / NC56)",
      "model_ko": "CB400X (NC47 / NC56)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2013–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC47",
        "NC56"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CB400X",
        "일본 내수 400X"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda 400X NC56",
        "CB400X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 46,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 38,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R19M/C 59H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R17M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB400X (NC47 / NC56) (2013–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB400X (NC47 / NC56) (2013–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb400x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb400x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb400x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr400r-nc56",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR400R (NC47 / NC56)",
      "model_ko": "CBR400R (NC47 / NC56 병렬 2기통)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2013–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NC47",
        "NC56",
        "NC65"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 CBR400R",
        "NC56 400R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR400R NC56",
        "CBR 400R Twin"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 46,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 38,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR400R (NC47 / NC56) (2013–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR400R (NC47 / NC56) (2013–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr400r-nc56/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr400r-nc56/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr400r-nc56.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-crf450rl",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CRF450RL (MD45)",
      "model_ko": "CRF450RL (MD45 공도주행 엔듀로)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MD45"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CRF450L",
        "혼다 450RL"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CRF450RL",
        "CRF450L MD45"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 449,
      "power_hp": 38,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 36,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "15412-MEN-671 / HF116",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 16
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21 51M",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 62M",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 150
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HY85S LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah AGM / LiFePO4",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 940,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 131,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 1000,
        "oil_filter_km": 1000,
        "air_filter_km": 2000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 3000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CRF450RL (MD45) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CRF450RL (MD45) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf450rl/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-crf450rl/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-crf450rl.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb500f",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB500F (PC63)",
      "model_ko": "CB500F (PC63)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC63"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비500F",
        "혼다 500 네이키드",
        "CB500 호넷 전신"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB500F",
        "CB500FA PC63"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 471,
      "power_hp": 47.6,
      "power_rpm": 8600,
      "torque_nm": 43,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB500F (PC63) (2019–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB500F (PC63) (2019–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb500f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb500f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb500f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb500x",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB500X (PC64)",
      "model_ko": "CB500X (PC64 도립포크·더블디스크)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC64"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비500X",
        "혼다 500X",
        "쿼터급 어드벤처 500X"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB500X",
        "CB500XA PC64"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 471,
      "power_hp": 47.6,
      "power_rpm": 8600,
      "torque_nm": 43,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R19 M/C 59H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB500X (PC64) (2019–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB500X (PC64) (2019–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb500x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb500x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb500x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr500r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR500R (PC62 / PC70)",
      "model_ko": "CBR500R (PC62 / PC70)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC62",
        "PC70"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비알500R",
        "혼다 500알",
        "CBR 500"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR500R",
        "CBR500RA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 471,
      "power_hp": 47.6,
      "power_rpm": 8600,
      "torque_nm": 43,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 191,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR500R (PC62 / PC70) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR500R (PC62 / PC70) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr500r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr500r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr500r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cl500",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CL500 Scrambler (PC68)",
      "model_ko": "CL500 스크램블러 (PC68)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC68"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨엘500",
        "혼다 CL500",
        "혼다 스크램블러 500"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CL500",
        "SCL500 Scrambler"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 471,
      "power_hp": 46.6,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 43.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R19 M/C 59H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CL500 Scrambler (PC68) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CL500 Scrambler (PC68) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cl500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cl500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cl500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-nx500",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "NX500 (PC72)",
      "model_ko": "NX500 (PC72)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC72"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 NX500",
        "신형 CB500X 후속",
        "엔엑스 500"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda NX500",
        "NX500A PC72"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 471,
      "power_hp": 47.6,
      "power_rpm": 8600,
      "torque_nm": 43,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R19 M/C 59H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) NX500 (PC72) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda NX500 (PC72) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-nx500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-nx500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-nx500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-rebel-500",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Rebel 500 (CMX500)",
      "model_ko": "레블 500 (CMX500)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC60",
        "CMX500A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 레블500",
        "레블 오백",
        "입문 크루저",
        "CL500 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CMX500A Rebel",
        "Rebel 500 SE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 471,
      "power_hp": 46.2,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 43.3,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MFJ-D01 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16 M/C 67H",
        "rear_size": "150/80-16 M/C 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 191,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 Rebel 500 (CMX500) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda Rebel 500 (CMX500) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-rebel-500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-rebel-500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-rebel-500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-silver-wing-600",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Silver Wing 600 (FSC600 / PF01)",
      "model_ko": "실버윙 600 (FSC600 / PF01)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2001–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PF01",
        "NF03"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "실버윙",
        "실버윙600",
        "FJS600",
        "실버윙 GT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Silver Wing 600",
        "FJS600 FSC600 PF01"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 582,
      "power_hp": 50.3,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 54,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 280,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 (280 ml final reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14 M/C 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 250,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Silver Wing 600 (FSC600 / PF01) (2001–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Silver Wing 600 (FSC600 / PF01) (2001–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-silver-wing-600/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-silver-wing-600/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-silver-wing-600.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb600f-hornet",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB600F Hornet (PC41)",
      "model_ko": "CB600F 호넷 (PC41 알루미늄 프레임)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2007–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC41"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "호넷 600",
        "CB600F 호넷",
        "PC41 호넷"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB600F Hornet PC41",
        "599 Hornet"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 102,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 63.5,
      "torque_rpm": 10500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9E-9HES / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB600F Hornet (PC41) (2007–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB600F Hornet (PC41) (2007–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb600f-hornet/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb600f-hornet/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb600f-hornet.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr600f4i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR600F4i (PC35)",
      "model_ko": "CBR600F4i (PC35 인젝션 올라운더)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2001–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC35"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 F4i",
        "CBR600F4i",
        "불멸의 스턴트 명기"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR600F4i PC35",
        "CBR600FS Sport"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 12500,
      "torque_nm": 65,
      "torque_rpm": 10500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9A-9H",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR600F4i (PC35) (2001–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR600F4i (PC35) (2001–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr600f4i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr600f4i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr600f4i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr600rr-pc40",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR600RR (PC40)",
      "model_ko": "CBR600RR (PC40 구형 코나니·빅피스톤)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC40"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 600RR",
        "PC40",
        "코나니 600RR",
        "13년식 600RR"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR600RR PC40",
        "CBR600RR 2007-2016"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 119.6,
      "power_rpm": 13500,
      "torque_nm": 66,
      "torque_rpm": 11250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9HES / SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR600RR (PC40) (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR600RR (PC40) (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr600rr-pc40/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr600rr-pc40/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr600rr-pc40.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr600rr-pc69",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR600RR (PC69 2024)",
      "model_ko": "CBR600RR (PC69 신형 윙렛·IMU)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PC69",
        "2BL-PC40",
        "8BL-PC40"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 600RR",
        "24년식 CBR600RR",
        "PC69",
        "육백더블알"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR600RR 2024",
        "CBR600RR PC69 / PC40M"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 121,
      "power_rpm": 14250,
      "torque_nm": 63,
      "torque_rpm": 11500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9HES / SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR600RR (PC69 2024) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR600RR (PC69 2024) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr600rr-pc69/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr600rr-pc69/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr600rr-pc69.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb650f",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB650F (RC83)",
      "model_ko": "CB650F (RC83)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2014–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC83"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비650F",
        "혼다 650F",
        "구형 4기통 미들 네이키드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB650F",
        "CB650FA RC83"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 89.8,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9E-9HES / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 208,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB650F (RC83) (2014–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB650F (RC83) (2014–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb650f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb650f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb650f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb650r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB650R / E-Clutch (RH02 / RH15)",
      "model_ko": "CB650R (네오 스포츠 카페 / E-Clutch)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH02",
        "RH15"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CB650R",
        "CBR650R 호환",
        "육반",
        "CB650R 이클러치"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB650R E-Clutch",
        "CB650R RH02 RH15"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 95.2,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 63,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MFJ-D01 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9E-9HES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Iridium non-adj.)",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / FTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 CB650R / CBR650R 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기술 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB650R / CBR650R Official Owner’s Manual Technical Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb650r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb650r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb650r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr650f",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR650F (RC83)",
      "model_ko": "CBR650F (RC83)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2014–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC83"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비알650F",
        "혼다 650F 풀카울",
        "구형 CBR650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR650F",
        "CBR650FA RC83"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 89.8,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9E-9HES / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 213,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR650F (RC83) (2014–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR650F (RC83) (2014–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr650f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr650f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr650f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr650r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR650R / E-Clutch (RH01 / RH17)",
      "model_ko": "CBR650R (E-Clutch / RH17)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH01",
        "RH17"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "육반알",
        "CBR650R E-클러치",
        "혼다 CBR650R",
        "씨비알650알"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR650R E-Clutch",
        "CBR 650 R RH01 RH17"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 95.2,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 63,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MFJ-D01 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9E-9HES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Iridium non-adj.)",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / FTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 CBR650R / E-Clutch (RH01 / RH17) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR650R / E-Clutch (RH01 / RH17) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr650r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr650r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr650r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-integra-700",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Integra 700 (RC62 DCT)",
      "model_ko": "인테그라 700 (RC62 DCT)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC62"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인테그라700",
        "구형 인테그라"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Integra 700 RC62",
        "NC700D Integra"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 670,
      "power_hp": 51.8,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 62,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 238,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Integra 700 (RC62 DCT) (2012–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Integra 700 (RC62 DCT) (2012–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-integra-700/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-integra-700/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-integra-700.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-nc700x-dct",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "NC700X DCT (RC63)",
      "model_ko": "NC700X DCT (RC63 1세대)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2012–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC63"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 NC700X",
        "엔씨 700"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda NC700X DCT RC63",
        "NC700XD"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 670,
      "power_hp": 51.8,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 62,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 228,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) NC700X DCT (RC63) (2012–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda NC700X DCT (RC63) (2012–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-nc700x-dct/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-nc700x-dct/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-nc700x-dct.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-dn-01",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "DN-01 (NSA700A RC55 HFT)",
      "model_ko": "DN-01 (NSA700A 유압기계식 HFT)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2008–2010",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC55",
        "NSA700A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 DN-01",
        "디엔제로원"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda DN-01 NSA700A",
        "RC55 HFT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 680,
      "power_hp": 61.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (200 ml shaft)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70ZR17 M/C (62W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 270,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) DN-01 (NSA700A RC55 HFT) (2008–2010) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda DN-01 (NSA700A RC55 HFT) (2008–2010) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-dn-01/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-dn-01/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-dn-01.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-forza-750",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Forza 750 (NSS750 RH11 DCT)",
      "model_ko": "포르자 750 (NSS750 RH11 DCT)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH11"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "포르자750",
        "혼다 750 스쿠터",
        "NSS750"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Forza 750",
        "NSS750 DCT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 745,
      "power_hp": 58.6,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R17 M/C 58H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R15 M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Forza 750 (NSS750 RH11 DCT) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Forza 750 (NSS750 RH11 DCT) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-forza-750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-forza-750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-forza-750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-integra-750",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Integra 750 (RC71 / RC89 DCT)",
      "model_ko": "인테그라 750 (RC71 / RC89 DCT)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC71",
        "RC89"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인테그라750",
        "혼다 인테그라",
        "NC750D 인테그라"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Integra 750",
        "NC750D Integra"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 745,
      "power_hp": 54.8,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 238,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Integra 750 (RC71 / RC89 DCT) (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Integra 750 (RC71 / RC89 DCT) (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-integra-750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-integra-750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-integra-750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-nc750s-dct",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "NC750S DCT (RC70 / RC88)",
      "model_ko": "NC750S DCT (RC70 / RC88 네이키드)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC70",
        "RC88"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 NC750S",
        "엔씨750 네이키드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda NC750S DCT",
        "NC750SD RC88"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 745,
      "power_hp": 54.8,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 227,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) NC750S DCT (RC70 / RC88) (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda NC750S DCT (RC70 / RC88) (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-nc750s-dct/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-nc750s-dct/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-nc750s-dct.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-nc750x-dct",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "NC750X DCT (RH09)",
      "model_ko": "NC750X DCT (RH09)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH09",
        "RH23"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "NC750X",
        "엔씨 750X",
        "혼다 NC750",
        "연비왕 750"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda NC750X DCT",
        "NC750XD RH09"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 745,
      "power_hp": 58.6,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 224,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) NC750X DCT (RH09) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda NC750X DCT (RH09) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-nc750x-dct/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-nc750x-dct/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-nc750x-dct.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-nc750x-mt",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "NC750X Manual (RC90 / RH09 MT)",
      "model_ko": "NC750X 수동 스탠다드 (RC90 / RH09 MT)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC90",
        "RH09"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "NC750X 수동",
        "엔씨750 매뉴얼"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda NC750XA Manual",
        "NC750X 6MT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 745,
      "power_hp": 58.6,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) NC750X Manual (RC90 / RH09 MT) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda NC750X Manual (RC90 / RH09 MT) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-nc750x-mt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-nc750x-mt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-nc750x-mt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-nm4-vultus",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "NM4 Vultus (RC82 DCT)",
      "model_ko": "NM4 불투스 (RC82 DCT)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2014–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC82"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 NM4",
        "아키라 바이크",
        "NM4-01 NM4-02"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda NM4 Vultus",
        "NM4-01 NM4-02 RC82"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 745,
      "power_hp": 54.8,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR18 M/C (59W)",
        "rear_size": "200/50ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 650,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 245,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) NM4 Vultus (RC82 DCT) (2014–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda NM4 Vultus (RC82 DCT) (2014–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-nm4-vultus/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-nm4-vultus/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-nm4-vultus.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-shadow-750-phantom",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Shadow 750 Phantom / Aero (RC50 / RC53)",
      "model_ko": "섀도우 750 팬텀 / 에어로 (VT750 RC50 / RC53)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2004–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC50",
        "RC53"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "섀도우 750",
        "샤도우 팬텀 750",
        "혼다 섀도우 에어로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Shadow Phantom 750",
        "Shadow Aero VT750C RC50 RC53"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 745,
      "power_hp": 45.5,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 65,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil (shaft models)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/90-17M/C 64S",
        "rear_size": "160/80-15M/C 74S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9 / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2–12Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 655,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 249,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 36000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Shadow 750 Phantom / Aero (RC50 / RC53) (2004–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Shadow 750 Phantom / Aero (RC50 / RC53) (2004–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-shadow-750-phantom/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-shadow-750-phantom/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-shadow-750-phantom.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-x-adv-750",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "X-ADV 750 (RH10 DCT)",
      "model_ko": "X-ADV 750 (엑스에이디브이)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH10",
        "RH21"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 X-ADV",
        "엑드벤처",
        "XADV 750",
        "크로스오버 어드벤처"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda XADV 750 DCT",
        "X-ADV RH10"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 745,
      "power_hp": 58.6,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher (NO Energy Conserving / NO MB)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "Engine: 15410-MFJ-D01 (HF204) + DCT Clutch Filter: 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R17 M/C 58H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R15 M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IFR6G-11K",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0–1.1 mm (Iridium non-adj.)",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 236,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 X-ADV 750 (RH10 / Honda Moto Pub) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Honda X-ADV 750 (RH10) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-x-adv-750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-x-adv-750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-x-adv-750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb750-hornet",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB750 Hornet (RH12)",
      "model_ko": "CB750 호넷 (RH12)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH12"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 호넷 750",
        "CB750호넷",
        "혼다 호넷 750"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB750 Hornet",
        "Hornet 750 RH12"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 755,
      "power_hp": 91.8,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 75,
      "torque_rpm": 7250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.4,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8A9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 190,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB750 Hornet (RH12) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB750 Hornet (RH12) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb750-hornet/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb750-hornet/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb750-hornet.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-xl750-transalp",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "XL750 Transalp (RD16)",
      "model_ko": "XL750 트랜잘프 (RD16)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RD16"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트랜잘프 750",
        "XL750",
        "혼다 미들 어드벤처 750"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda XL750 Transalp",
        "Transalp 750 RD16"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 755,
      "power_hp": 91.8,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 75,
      "torque_rpm": 7250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.4,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18M/C 70H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8A9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 208,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) XL750 Transalp (RD16) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda XL750 Transalp (RD16) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-xl750-transalp/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-xl750-transalp/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-xl750-transalp.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-vfr800-vtec-rc46",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "VFR800 VTEC (RC46)",
      "model_ko": "VFR800 VTEC (RC46 센터업 V4)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2002–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC46"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 VFR800",
        "RC46 브이텍"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda VFR800 VTEC RC46",
        "Interceptor RC46"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 781,
      "power_hp": 109,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 8750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9B-9H",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 249,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) VFR800 VTEC (RC46) (2002–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda VFR800 VTEC (RC46) (2002–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-vfr800-vtec-rc46/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-vfr800-vtec-rc46/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-vfr800-vtec-rc46.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-vfr800f-rc79",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "VFR800F Interceptor (RC79)",
      "model_ko": "VFR800F 인터셉터 (RC79 후기형 V4)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RC79",
        "RC93"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 VFR800",
        "RC79 브이에프알"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda VFR800F RC79",
        "Interceptor 800 2014-2020"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 782,
      "power_hp": 106,
      "power_rpm": 10250,
      "torque_nm": 75,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9D-9H",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 789,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 242,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) VFR800F Interceptor (RC79) (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda VFR800F Interceptor (RC79) (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-vfr800f-rc79/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-vfr800f-rc79/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-vfr800f-rc79.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb900f-hornet",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB900F Hornet 919 (SC48)",
      "model_ko": "CB900F 호넷 919 (SC48)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2002–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC48"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "호넷900",
        "호넷 919",
        "CB900F"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB900F Hornet SC48",
        "Honda 919"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 919,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB900F Hornet 919 (SC48) (2002–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB900F Hornet 919 (SC48) (2002–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb900f-hornet/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb900f-hornet/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb900f-hornet.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr900rr-sc33",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR900RR FireBlade (SC33)",
      "model_ko": "CBR900RR 파이어블레이드 (SC33 919cc)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1996–1999",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC33"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구백알알",
        "CBR900RR",
        "초대 파이어블레이드 계보"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR900RR SC33",
        "FireBlade 919"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 919,
      "power_hp": 130,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.4,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70ZR16 M/C (61W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR900RR FireBlade (SC33) (1996–1999) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR900RR FireBlade (SC33) (1996–1999) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr900rr-sc33/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr900rr-sc33/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr900rr-sc33.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr954rr",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR954RR FireBlade (SC50)",
      "model_ko": "CBR954RR 파이어블레이드 (SC50)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2002–2003",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC50"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구오사",
        "CBR954RR",
        "바바 타다오 유작"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR954RR SC50",
        "FireBlade 954"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 954,
      "power_hp": 151,
      "power_rpm": 11250,
      "torque_nm": 105,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9H",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR954RR FireBlade (SC50) (2002–2003) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR954RR FireBlade (SC50) (2002–2003) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr954rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr954rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr954rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb1000r-sc60",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB1000R (SC60)",
      "model_ko": "CB1000R (SC60 1세대 스트리트파이터)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2008–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC60"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 CB1000R",
        "SC60 천알"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB1000R SC60",
        "CB1000RA 2008-2016"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 125,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 99,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9HES / SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 217,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB1000R (SC60) (2008–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB1000R (SC60) (2008–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb1000r-sc60/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb1000r-sc60/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb1000r-sc60.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb1000r-sc80",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB1000R Neo Sports Cafe (SC80)",
      "model_ko": "CB1000R 네오 스포츠 카페 (SC80)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2018–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC80"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비천알",
        "CB1000R 블랙에디션",
        "네오스포츠카페 1000"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB1000R SC80",
        "CB1000R Black Edition"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 145.5,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 104,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9HES / SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 213,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB1000R Neo Sports Cafe (SC80) (2018–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB1000R Neo Sports Cafe (SC80) (2018–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb1000r-sc80/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb1000r-sc80/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb1000r-sc80.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr1000rr-sc57",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC57)",
      "model_ko": "CBR1000RR 파이어블레이드 (SC57 센터업)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2004–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC57"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "SC57",
        "센터업 천알알",
        "레플솔 SC57"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR1000RR SC57",
        "Fireblade 2004-2007"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 172,
      "power_rpm": 11250,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9HES / SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC57) (2004–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC57) (2004–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc57/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc57/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc57.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-crf1000l-africa-twin",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CRF1000L Africa Twin DCT (SD04 / SD06)",
      "model_ko": "CRF1000L 아프리카 트윈 DCT (SD04 / SD06)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2016–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SD04",
        "SD06"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 아프리카트윈 1000",
        "CRF1000L"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CRF1000L Africa Twin DCT",
        "SD04 SD06"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 95.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18M/C 70H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8A9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / HY110",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah AGM / LiFePO4",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 242,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CRF1000L Africa Twin DCT (SD04 / SD06) (2016–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CRF1000L Africa Twin DCT (SD04 / SD06) (2016–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf1000l-africa-twin/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-crf1000l-africa-twin/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-crf1000l-africa-twin.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr1000rr-sc59",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC59)",
      "model_ko": "CBR1000RR 파이어블레이드 (SC59)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2008–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC59"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "SC59",
        "매기 천알알",
        "12년식 천알알",
        "구형 파이어블레이드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR1000RR SC59",
        "Fireblade 2008-2016"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 178,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9HES / SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 200,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC59) (2008–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC59) (2008–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc59/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc59/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc59.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr1000rr-sc77",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC77)",
      "model_ko": "CBR1000RR 파이어블레이드 (SC77)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC77"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "SC77",
        "17년식 천알알",
        "파이어블레이드 SC77"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR1000RR SC77",
        "Fireblade 2017-2019"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 191.7,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 114,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9HES / SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC77) (2017–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR1000RR Fireblade (SC77) (2017–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc77/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc77/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-sc77.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb1000-hornet",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB1000 Hornet / SP (SC86)",
      "model_ko": "CB1000 호넷 / SP (SC86)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC86"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 호넷 1000",
        "CB1000 호넷 SP"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB1000 Hornet SC86",
        "Hornet 1000 SP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1000,
      "power_hp": 152,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 104,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9HES / SILMAR9C9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 809,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 211,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB1000 Hornet / SP (SC86) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB1000 Hornet / SP (SC86) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb1000-hornet/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb1000-hornet/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb1000-hornet.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr1000rr-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR1000RR-R Fireblade / SP (SC82)",
      "model_ko": "CBR1000RR-R 파이어블레이드 (SC82)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC82"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트리플알",
        "파이어블레이드",
        "천알알",
        "혼다 CBR1000RR-R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Fireblade SP SC82",
        "CBR1000RR-R SP",
        "Triple-R Fireblade"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1000,
      "power_hp": 217.5,
      "power_rpm": 14500,
      "torque_nm": 113,
      "torque_rpm": 12500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 0W-30 / SAE 10W-40 Full Synthetic",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MFJ-D01 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55ZR17 M/C (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR10C9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Laser Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "HY85S Li-Ion (SP) / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V LiFePO4 (SP) / 12V 6.0Ah AGM (Std)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 201,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 CBR1000RR-R Fireblade / SP (SC82) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR1000RR-R Fireblade / SP (SC82) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr1000rr-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-hawk-11",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Hawk 11 (SC85)",
      "model_ko": "호크 11 (SC85 로켓카울 카페레이서)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2022–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC85"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 호크 11",
        "호크 일레븐"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Hawk 11 SC85"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1082,
      "power_hp": 102,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 104,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.9,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8A9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / HY110",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah AGM / LiFePO4",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) Hawk 11 (SC85) (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda Hawk 11 (SC85) (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-hawk-11/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-hawk-11/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-hawk-11.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-crf1100l-adv-sports",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CRF1100L Africa Twin Adventure Sports ES DCT",
      "model_ko": "CRF1100L 아프리카 트윈 어드벤처 스포츠 ES DCT",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SD09",
        "SD14"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프리카트윈 어드벤처 스포츠",
        "아스 ES DCT",
        "ATAS 1100"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Africa Twin Adventure Sports ES",
        "CRF1100D4 ATAS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1084,
      "power_hp": 102,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R19 M/C 59V",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18 M/C 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8A9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / HY110",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah AGM / LiFePO4",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 855,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 253,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CRF1100L Africa Twin Adventure Sports ES DCT (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CRF1100L Africa Twin Adventure Sports ES DCT (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf1100l-adv-sports/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-crf1100l-adv-sports/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-crf1100l-adv-sports.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-crf1100l-africa-twin",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CRF1100L Africa Twin DCT (SD08 / SD13)",
      "model_ko": "CRF1100L 아프리카 트윈 DCT",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SD08",
        "SD09",
        "SD13",
        "SD14"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프리카 트윈",
        "아프리카트윈 1100",
        "혼다 CRF1100L",
        "어드벤처 스포츠 DCT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Africa Twin 1100 DCT",
        "CRF1100D SD08 SD13",
        "Africa Twin Adventure Sports"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1084,
      "power_hp": 101.9,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher (JASO MA Mandatory — NO MB)",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "Engine: 15410-MFJ-D01 (HF204) + DCT Clutch Filter: 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18 M/C 70H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8A9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Twin-Spark Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "HY110 Li-Ion",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah OEM Lithium-Ion (ELIIY Power)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 236,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 CRF1100L Africa Twin DCT (SD08 / SD13) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda CRF1100L Africa Twin DCT (SD08 / SD13) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-crf1100l-africa-twin/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-crf1100l-africa-twin/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-crf1100l-africa-twin.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-nt1100",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "NT1100 DCT (SC84)",
      "model_ko": "NT1100 DCT (SC84)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC84"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 NT1100",
        "엔티 1100",
        "아프리카트윈 온로드 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda NT1100 DCT",
        "NT1100D SC84"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1084,
      "power_hp": 102,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 104,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8A9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / HY110",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah AGM / LiFePO4",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 248,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) NT1100 DCT (SC84) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda NT1100 DCT (SC84) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-nt1100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-nt1100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-nt1100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-rebel-1100",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "Rebel 1100 / DCT / T (CMX1100)",
      "model_ko": "레블 1100 / DCT (CMX1100)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC83",
        "CMX1100A (MT)",
        "CMX1100D (DCT)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 레블1100",
        "레블 천백",
        "레블 1100 DCT",
        "배거 레블 1100T"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CMX1100A CMX1100D",
        "Rebel 1100T DCT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1084,
      "power_hp": 87,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher (JASO MA Mandatory for MT & DCT)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "Engine: 15410-MFJ-D01 (HF204) + DCT Filter (DCT only): 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70B18 M/C 63H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 M/C 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR8A9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Laser Iridium — 4 plugs total!)",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 700,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 233,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 Rebel 1100 / DCT (CMX1100) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Honda Rebel 1100 / DCT (CMX1100) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-rebel-1100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-rebel-1100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-rebel-1100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cbr1100xx-blackbird",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CBR1100XX Super Blackbird (SC35)",
      "model_ko": "CBR1100XX 슈퍼 블랙버드 (SC35)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "1999–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC35"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "블랙버드 1100",
        "CBR1100XX",
        "더블엑스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CBR1100XX Super Blackbird SC35"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1137,
      "power_hp": 164,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 124,
      "torque_rpm": 7250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204 (or early HF303)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR9C-9H",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 255,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CBR1100XX Super Blackbird (SC35) (1999–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CBR1100XX Super Blackbird (SC35) (1999–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cbr1100xx-blackbird/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cbr1100xx-blackbird/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cbr1100xx-blackbird.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb1100ex",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB1100EX (SC65)",
      "model_ko": "CB1100EX (SC65 공랭 4기통)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2014–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC65"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨비1100EX",
        "혼다 CB1100",
        "마지막 공랭 4기통"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB1100EX",
        "CB1100 EX SC65"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1140,
      "power_hp": 89.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 91,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R18 M/C 58V",
        "rear_size": "140/70R18 M/C 67V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 255,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB1100EX (SC65) (2014–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB1100EX (SC65) (2014–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb1100ex/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb1100ex/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb1100ex.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb1100rs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB1100RS (SC65 17-Inch)",
      "model_ko": "CB1100RS (SC65 17인치 스포츠)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC65"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 CB1100RS",
        "씨비1100 알에스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB1100RS SC65",
        "CB1100 RS Final Edition"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1140,
      "power_hp": 89.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 91,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9S",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 252,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB1100RS (SC65 17-Inch) (2017–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB1100RS (SC65 17-Inch) (2017–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb1100rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb1100rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb1100rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-vfr1200f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "VFR1200F DCT (SC63)",
      "model_ko": "VFR1200F DCT (SC63 세계 최초 DCT)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2010–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC63"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 VFR1200",
        "브이에프알 1200 DCT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda VFR1200F DCT SC63",
        "VFR1200FD"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1237,
      "power_hp": 172.7,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 129,
      "torque_rpm": 8750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.8,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 (HF204) + DCT 15412-MGS-D21",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (200 ml shaft)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR8E-9HES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 277,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) VFR1200F DCT (SC63) (2010–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda VFR1200F DCT (SC63) (2010–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-vfr1200f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-vfr1200f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-vfr1200f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-st1300-pan-european",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "ST1300 Pan European (SC51)",
      "model_ko": "ST1300 팬 유러피언 (SC51 종배치 V4)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2002–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC51"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "ST1300",
        "팬유러피언 1300",
        "혼다 순찰 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda ST1300 Pan European SC51",
        "ST1300A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1261,
      "power_hp": 126,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (150 ml shaft)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR18 M/C (59W)",
        "rear_size": "170/60ZR17 M/C (72W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EH-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 326,
        "fuel_tank_l": 29,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) ST1300 Pan European (SC51) (2002–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda ST1300 Pan European (SC51) (2002–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-st1300-pan-european/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-st1300-pan-european/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-st1300-pan-european.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb1300sb",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB1300 Super Bol d'Or (SC54)",
      "model_ko": "CB1300 슈퍼 볼도르 (SC54)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2005–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC54"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CB1300SB",
        "1300 볼도르",
        "빅원 볼도르"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB1300SB SC54",
        "CB1300 Super Bol dOr"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1284,
      "power_hp": 113,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR8C-9H / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 272,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB1300 Super Bol d'Or (SC54) (2005–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB1300 Super Bol d'Or (SC54) (2005–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb1300sb/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb1300sb/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb1300sb.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-cb1300sf",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "CB1300 Super Four (SC54)",
      "model_ko": "CB1300 슈퍼포 (SC54)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2003–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC54"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CB1300SF",
        "빅원 1300",
        "씨비1300 슈퍼포"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda CB1300SF SC54",
        "Project Big-1 CB1300"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1284,
      "power_hp": 113,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IMR8C-9H / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 266,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) CB1300 Super Four (SC54) (2003–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda CB1300 Super Four (SC54) (2003–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-cb1300sf/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-cb1300sf/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-cb1300sf.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-vt1300cx-fury",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "VT1300CX Fury (SC61)",
      "model_ko": "VT1300CX 퓨리 (SC61 팩토리 차퍼)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2010–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC61"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "혼다 퓨리 1300",
        "VT1300CX",
        "순정 차퍼"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Fury VT1300CX SC61"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1312,
      "power_hp": 57.8,
      "power_rpm": 4250,
      "torque_nm": 107,
      "torque_rpm": 2250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil (shaft models)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "200/50R18M/C 76H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9 / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2–12Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 678,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 301,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 36000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) VT1300CX Fury (SC61) (2010–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda VT1300CX Fury (SC61) (2010–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-vt1300cx-fury/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-vt1300cx-fury/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-vt1300cx-fury.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-gold-wing-f6b",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "GL1800 Gold Wing F6B Bagger (SC68)",
      "model_ko": "GL1800 골드윙 F6B 배거 (SC68 수동 5단)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2013–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC68",
        "GL1800B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "골드윙 F6B",
        "혼다 배거 F6B",
        "구형 골드윙 배거"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Gold Wing F6B",
        "GL1800B SC68"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1832,
      "power_hp": 118,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 167,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "15410-MCJ-000 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Gear Oil SAE 80W-90 GL-5 (160 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70R18 M/C 63H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 M/C 74H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR6E-11",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.1 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20L-BS / GYZ20L",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 725,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 385,
        "fuel_tank_l": 25,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 36000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다(Honda) GL1800 Gold Wing F6B Bagger (SC68) (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Honda GL1800 Gold Wing F6B Bagger (SC68) (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-gold-wing-f6b/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-gold-wing-f6b/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-gold-wing-f6b.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "honda-gl1800-gold-wing",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "brand_ko": "혼다",
      "model": "GL1800 Gold Wing Tour DCT (SC79)",
      "model_ko": "GL1800 골드윙 투어 DCT (SC79)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SC79",
        "GL1800D",
        "GL1800DA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "골드윙",
        "골드윙 투어 DCT",
        "혼다 골드윙 1800",
        "골드윙 에어백"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Honda Gold Wing Tour DCT",
        "GL1800DA SC79",
        "Goldwing 1800"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1833,
      "power_hp": 126.4,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 170,
      "torque_rpm": 4500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_dct",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher (JASO MA Mandatory — NO Energy Conserving)",
        "drain_only_l": 4.4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.6,
        "overhaul_l": 5.6,
        "filter_type": "dual_engine_and_dct_elements",
        "filter_oem_code": "Engine: 15410-MFJ-D01 (HF204) + DCT Clutch Filter: 15412-MGS-D21 (HF117)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 140,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80 Hypoid Gear Oil API GL-5 (140 ml drain / 160 ml disassembly)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70R18 M/C 63H",
        "rear_size": "200/55R16 M/C 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GYZ20L / YTX20L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 20.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 745,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 385,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 24000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 36000,
        "valve_check_km": 36000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "혼다 GL1800 Gold Wing Tour DCT (SC79) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Honda GL1800 Gold Wing Tour DCT (SC79) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/honda-gl1800-gold-wing/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/honda-gl1800-gold-wing/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/honda-gl1800-gold-wing.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-vino-50-fi",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Vino 50 Deluxe (SA37J 4T FI)",
      "model_ko": "비노 50 디럭스 (4행정 인젝션)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2007–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SA37J",
        "SA54J",
        "37B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "비노 50",
        "야마하 비노 인젝션",
        "비노 디럭스 4T"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Vino 50 FI",
        "XC50D SA37J SA54J",
        "Vino Classic 50 4T"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 4.2,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 3.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.78,
        "with_filter_l": 0.78,
        "overhaul_l": 0.85,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-10 41J",
        "rear_size": "90/90-10 41J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX5L-BS / GTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 4.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 80,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 55
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Vino 50 Deluxe (SA37J 4T FI) (2007–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Vino 50 Deluxe (SA37J 4T FI) (2007–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-vino-50-fi/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-vino-50-fi/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-vino-50-fi.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-vox-50",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Vox XF50 (SA31J 4T FI)",
      "model_ko": "복스 50 (XF50 박스형 스쿠터)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2006–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SA31J",
        "SA52J",
        "3B3"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 복스 50",
        "VOX 50 디럭스",
        "박스 스쿠터 복스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha C3 XF50",
        "Vox 50 SA31J SA52J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 4.2,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 4.1,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.78,
        "with_filter_l": 0.78,
        "overhaul_l": 0.85,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/90-10 57J",
        "rear_size": "120/90-10 57J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 4.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 89,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 48
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Vox XF50 (SA31J 4T FI) (2006–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Vox XF50 (SA31J 4T FI) (2006–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-vox-50/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-vox-50/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-vox-50.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-jupiter-finn-115",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Finn 115 / Jupiter Z1 FI",
      "model_ko": "핀 115 / 주피터 Z1 (비즈니스 언더본)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B6F",
        "1DY"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 핀 115",
        "주피터 Z1",
        "베가 포스 115"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Finn 115 UBS",
        "Jupiter Z1 1DY B6F"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 114,
      "power_hp": 9.6,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 9.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/90-17M/C 38P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17M/C 50P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 100,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 62
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Finn 115 / Jupiter Z1 FI (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Finn 115 / Jupiter Z1 FI (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-jupiter-finn-115/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-jupiter-finn-115/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-jupiter-finn-115.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-pg-1-115",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "PG-1 115 (Scrambler Underbone)",
      "model_ko": "PG-1 115 (스크램블러 언더본)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BJM",
        "BPN"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 PG-1",
        "피지원 115",
        "야마하 헌터커브 대항마"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha PG-1 115 FI",
        "BJM PG1 Trail Underbone"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 114,
      "power_hp": 9,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 9.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_centrifugal_semi_auto",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/100-16M/C 51P",
        "rear_size": "90/100-16M/C 51P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ5S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 107,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 54
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) PG-1 115 (Scrambler Underbone) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha PG-1 115 (Scrambler Underbone) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-pg-1-115/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-pg-1-115/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-pg-1-115.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-axis-z-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Axis Z 125 (SED7J / SEJ6J)",
      "model_ko": "액시스 Z 125 (경량 공랭 커뮤터)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SED7J",
        "SEJ6J",
        "B7A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "액시스 Z",
        "야마하 액시스 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Axis Z LTS125",
        "SED7J SEJ6J Axis Z"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 8.3,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 9.8,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.84,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 100,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 51
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Axis Z 125 (SED7J / SEJ6J) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Axis Z 125 (SED7J / SEJ6J) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-axis-z-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-axis-z-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-axis-z-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-bws-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "BWS 125 / Zuma 125 (Blue Core VVA)",
      "model_ko": "비위즈 125 / 주마 125 (수랭)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BBJ",
        "GQR125",
        "SED9J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "비위즈 125",
        "신형 BWS 125",
        "주마 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Zuma 125 VVA",
        "BWS 125 Water-Cooled",
        "BBJ SED9J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 12,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51L",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 127,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) BWS 125 / Zuma 125 (Blue Core VVA) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha BWS 125 / Zuma 125 (Blue Core VVA) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-bws-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-bws-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-bws-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-bws-125-air",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "BWS 125 / Zuma 125 (SEA6J Air-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "비위즈 125 공랭 (YW125 구형)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2009–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SEA6J",
        "BG1",
        "5S9"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 비위즈 125",
        "공랭 BWS 125",
        "비위즈 X 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Zuma 125 Air-Cooled",
        "YW125 SEA6J BG1"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 9.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 110,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / 85W-140 (110 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51L",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 120,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 36.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) BWS 125 / Zuma 125 (SEA6J Air-Cooled) (2009–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha BWS 125 / Zuma 125 (SEA6J Air-Cooled) (2009–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-bws-125-air/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-bws-125-air/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-bws-125-air.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-cygnus-gryphus-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Cygnus Gryphus 125 (SEJ4J)",
      "model_ko": "시그너스 그리퍼스 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SEJ4J",
        "B8R",
        "BKG"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "시그너스 그리퍼스",
        "6세대 시그너스 수랭",
        "그리퍼스 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Cygnus Gryphus",
        "Cygnus 6th Gen Water-Cooled",
        "SEJ4J B8R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 12,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / Gear Oil (100 ml rear gear case)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51L",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 125,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 42
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Cygnus Gryphus 125 (SEJ4J) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Cygnus Gryphus 125 (SEJ4J) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-cygnus-gryphus-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-cygnus-gryphus-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-cygnus-gryphus-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-cygnus-x-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Cygnus-X 125 (SEA5J / SED8J)",
      "model_ko": "시그너스-X 125 (공랭 4·5세대)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SEA5J",
        "SED8J",
        "BF9",
        "B8S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "시그너스 X",
        "시그너스 125 공랭",
        "구형 시그너스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Cygnus-X SR 125",
        "XC125SR",
        "SEA5J SED8J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 9.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 110,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / 85W-140 (110 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-12 51L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 119,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Cygnus-X 125 (SEA5J / SED8J) (2015–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Cygnus-X 125 (SEA5J / SED8J) (2015–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-cygnus-x-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-cygnus-x-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-cygnus-x-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-jog-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Jog 125 (SEJ5J Blue Core)",
      "model_ko": "조그 125 (SEJ5J 초경량)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SEJ5J",
        "B8F"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 조그 125",
        "신형 JOG 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Jog 125 SEJ5J",
        "BKR Jog 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 8.3,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 9.8,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.84,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-10 50J",
        "rear_size": "90/90-10 50J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 95,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 51.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Jog 125 (SEJ5J Blue Core) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Jog 125 (SEJ5J Blue Core) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-jog-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-jog-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-jog-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-wr125r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "WR125R / WR125X (DE07 FI)",
      "model_ko": "WR125R / WR125X (유럽형 듀얼·모타드)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2009–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DE07",
        "22B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 WR125R",
        "WR125X 모타드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha WR125R DE07",
        "WR125X Supermoto 22B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 12.2,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.15,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-21M/C 48P",
        "rear_size": "110/80-18M/C 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 930,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 133,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) WR125R / WR125X (DE07 FI) (2009–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha WR125R / WR125X (DE07 FI) (2009–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-wr125r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-wr125r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-wr125r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xtz125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XTZ125E (Dual-Sport Air-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "XTZ125E (공랭 트레일 입문기)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2003–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "5RM",
        "1SB",
        "21D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 XTZ125",
        "엑스티지 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XTZ 125",
        "5RM 1SB XTZ125E"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 10,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 9.9,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "5VL-E3411-00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-21M/C 48P",
        "rear_size": "110/80-18M/C 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 118,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XTZ125E (Dual-Sport Air-Cooled) (2003–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XTZ125E (Dual-Sport Air-Cooled) (2003–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xtz125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xtz125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xtz125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-ybr125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YBR125 (RE05 / E3D FI)",
      "model_ko": "YBR125 (공랭 스탠다드 네이키드)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RE05",
        "RE07",
        "3D9"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 YBR125",
        "와이비알 125",
        "YBR125 인젝션"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YBR125 ED FI",
        "RE05 RE07 5VL YBR125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 10,
      "power_rpm": 7800,
      "torque_nm": 9.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "5VL-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.75-18 42P",
        "rear_size": "90/90-18M/C 57P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB5L-B / 12N5.5-3B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 125,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YBR125 (RE05 / E3D FI) (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YBR125 (RE05 / E3D FI) (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-ybr125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-ybr125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-ybr125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-fazzio-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Fazzio 125 Hybrid",
      "model_ko": "파지오 125 하이브리드",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BEJ",
        "B3T"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "파지오 125",
        "야마하 파지오",
        "레트로 스쿠터 파지오"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Fazzio 125 Hybrid Connected",
        "BEJ Fazzio 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 8.4,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 10.6,
      "torque_rpm": 4500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.84,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47L",
        "rear_size": "110/70-12 47L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTZ7V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.3–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 95,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 53
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Fazzio 125 Hybrid (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Fazzio 125 Hybrid (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-fazzio-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-fazzio-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-fazzio-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-freego-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "FreeGo 125 (Smart Motor Generator)",
      "model_ko": "프리고 125 (전면 주유구 스쿠터)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B5D",
        "BKU"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 프리고 125",
        "프리고 S 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FreeGo 125 Connected",
        "B5D FreeGo 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 9.5,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 9.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.84,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-12M/C 59J",
        "rear_size": "110/90-12M/C 64L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 102,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 48
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) FreeGo 125 (Smart Motor Generator) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha FreeGo 125 (Smart Motor Generator) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-freego-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-freego-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-freego-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-grand-filano-hybrid-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Grand Filano Hybrid 125",
      "model_ko": "그랜드 필라노 하이브리드 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B8B",
        "BPB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "그랜드 필라노",
        "필라노 125",
        "필라노 하이브리드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Grand Filano Hybrid Connected",
        "B8B Grand Filano",
        "BPB Filano 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 8.2,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 10.4,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.84,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47L",
        "rear_size": "110/70-12 47L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM (Stop & Start)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 102,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 52
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Grand Filano Hybrid 125 (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Grand Filano Hybrid 125 (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-grand-filano-hybrid-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-grand-filano-hybrid-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-grand-filano-hybrid-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mio-125-m3",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Mio M3 125 (Blue Core)",
      "model_ko": "미오 M3 125 (블루코어)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "2PH",
        "2SX"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 미오 125",
        "미오 M3 125",
        "미오 i 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Mio i 125",
        "Mio M3 125 2PH"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 9.5,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 9.6,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.84,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (100 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/90-14M/C 34P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-14M/C 40P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 94,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 50
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Mio M3 125 (Blue Core) (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Mio M3 125 (Blue Core) (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mio-125-m3/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mio-125-m3/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mio-125-m3.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-125 (RE39 / RE40 VVA)",
      "model_ko": "MT-125 (엠티125 VVA)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RE39",
        "RE40",
        "RE46"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엠티125",
        "야마하 MT125",
        "신형 MT-125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-125 VVA",
        "RE39 RE40 MT125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17M/C 52S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 142,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-125 (RE39 / RE40 VVA) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-125 (RE39 / RE40 VVA) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-nmax-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "NMAX 125 (Blue Core VVA)",
      "model_ko": "NMAX 125 (엔맥스 125)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SEG6",
        "GPD125-A",
        "BAL"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엔맥스 125",
        "야마하 엔맥스",
        "신형 NMAX 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha GPD125-A",
        "NMAX125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.2,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA_OR_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Mesh Strainer)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 Motor Oil or SAE 85W GL-3 Gear Oil (150 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-13 M/C 48P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah VRLA AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 131,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 18000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 NMAX 125 (GPD125-A) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha NMAX 125 (GPD125-A) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-nmax-125-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "NMAX 125 Gen 1 (2DS / SE86J)",
      "model_ko": "NMAX 125 1세대 (구형 엔맥스)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SE86J",
        "SED6J",
        "2DS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 엔맥스 125",
        "1세대 NMAX 125",
        "엔맥스 2DS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha NMAX 125 2015-2020",
        "2DS SE86J SED6J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 11.7,
      "torque_rpm": 7250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (150 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-13M/C 48P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 127,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) NMAX 125 Gen 1 (2DS / SE86J) (2015–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha NMAX 125 Gen 1 (2DS / SE86J) (2015–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125-gen1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125-gen1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-nmax-125-gen1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tricity-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tricity 125 (MW125 LMW)",
      "model_ko": "트리시티 125 (MW125)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SEC1J",
        "SEC2J",
        "MW125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트리시티 125",
        "삼륜 스쿠터 트리시티",
        "야마하 3륜 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tricity 125",
        "MW125 SEC2J",
        "SEC1J Tricity"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.2,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / 85W-140 (150 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/80-14M/C 43P (x2)",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Tricity 125 (MW125 LMW) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tricity 125 (MW125 LMW) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tricity-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tricity-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tricity-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xmax-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XMAX 125 / Tech MAX (SEE6 VVA)",
      "model_ko": "XMAX 125 / 테크맥스",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SEC3",
        "SEE6",
        "B7M"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엑스맥스 125",
        "유럽형 XMAX 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XMAX 125 Tech MAX",
        "SEE6 SEC3 XMAX 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.2,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5YP-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (150 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-14M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 190,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 190,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 167,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XMAX 125 / Tech MAX (SEE6 VVA) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XMAX 125 / Tech MAX (SEE6 VVA) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xmax-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xmax-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xmax-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xsr125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XSR125 (RE44 VVA)",
      "model_ko": "XSR125 (엑스알125 헤리티지)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RE44",
        "BKR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 XSR 125",
        "XSR125 레거시",
        "네오클래식 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XSR125 Legacy",
        "RE44 XSR 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 140,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 46
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XSR125 (RE44 VVA) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XSR125 (RE44 VVA) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xsr125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xsr125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xsr125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-ys125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YS125 (RE33 Commuter)",
      "model_ko": "YS125 (YBR125 후속 유로4)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RE33",
        "BR6"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 YS125",
        "와이에스 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YS125 RE33",
        "BR6 YS 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 10.6,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 10.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "5VL-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.75-18M/C 42P",
        "rear_size": "100/80-18M/C 59P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 129,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 48
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YS125 (RE33 Commuter) (2017–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YS125 (RE33 Commuter) (2017–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-ys125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-ys125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-ys125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R125 (RE39 / RE40 VVA)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R125 (알원투파이브 VVA)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RE39",
        "RE40",
        "RE45"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알125",
        "야마하 R125",
        "YZF R125 신형"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R125 Gen 3 Gen 4",
        "RE39 RE40 R125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17M/C 52S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 144,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R125 (RE39 / RE40 VVA) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R125 (RE39 / RE40 VVA) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-fz-s-fi-150",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "FZ-S FI 150 / FZ-X 150 (Blue Core)",
      "model_ko": "FZ-S FI 150 / FZ-X 150 (공랭 네이키드)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B4G",
        "B7J",
        "BSH"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 FZ-S 150",
        "야마하 FZ-X 150",
        "페이저 150"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FZ-S FI V3 V4",
        "FZ-X 150 B7J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 149,
      "power_hp": 12.4,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 13.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.25,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "140/60R17M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 136,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) FZ-S FI 150 / FZ-X 150 (Blue Core) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha FZ-S FI 150 / FZ-X 150 (Blue Core) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-fz-s-fi-150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-fz-s-fi-150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-fz-s-fi-150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-aerox-155",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Aerox 155 / NVX 155 (VVA)",
      "model_ko": "에어로스 155 / NVX 155",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BBP",
        "GDR155",
        "B63"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에어로스 155",
        "야마하 NVX 155",
        "에어록스 155"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Aerox 155 Connected",
        "NVX 155 V2",
        "GDR155"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 15.4,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 13.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (150 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-14M/C 53P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-14M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 125,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Aerox 155 / NVX 155 (VVA) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Aerox 155 / NVX 155 (VVA) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-aerox-155/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-aerox-155/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-aerox-155.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-lexi-155",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Lexi LX 155 (VVA)",
      "model_ko": "렉시 LX 155 (플랫 플로어 MAX)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BLS",
        "B65-LX"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 렉시 155",
        "렉시 125 후속 155"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Lexi LX 155 Connected",
        "BLS Lexi 155 VVA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 15.4,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 14.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / 85W-140 (150 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-14M/C 46P",
        "rear_size": "100/90-14M/C 57P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 118,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Lexi LX 155 (VVA) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Lexi LX 155 (VVA) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-lexi-155/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-lexi-155/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-lexi-155.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-majesty-s-155",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Majesty S 155 / SMAX 155 (SG28J / SG52J)",
      "model_ko": "마제스티 S 155 / SMAX 155",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2013–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SG28J",
        "SG52J",
        "2LD"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "마제스티 S",
        "야마하 에스맥스 155",
        "SMAX 155"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Majesty S XC155",
        "SMAX 155 SG28J SG52J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 14,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 140,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 (140 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-13M/C 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 145,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Majesty S 155 / SMAX 155 (SG28J / SG52J) (2013–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Majesty S 155 / SMAX 155 (SG28J / SG52J) (2013–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-majesty-s-155/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-majesty-s-155/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-majesty-s-155.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-15",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-15 (B7D / B9D VVA)",
      "model_ko": "MT-15 (엠티15 VVA)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B9D",
        "B7D",
        "RG85"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엠티15",
        "야마하 MT15",
        "MT-15 V2"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-15 V2",
        "MT15 155 VVA",
        "B9D RG85"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 18.4,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 14.1,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 138,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-15 (B7D / B9D VVA) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-15 (B7D / B9D VVA) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-15/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-15/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-15.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-nmax-155",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "NMAX 155 (GPD155-A)",
      "model_ko": "NMAX 155 (엔맥스 155)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SG65",
        "GPD155-A",
        "B6H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엔맥스 155",
        "NMAX155",
        "야마하 155 스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha GPD155-A",
        "NMAX155 SG65"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 15.1,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 13.9,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA_OR_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Mesh Strainer)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 Motor Oil or SAE 85W GL-3 Gear Oil (100 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-13 M/C 48P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah VRLA AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 132,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 NMAX 155 (GPD155-A) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha NMAX 155 (GPD155-A / SG65) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-nmax-155/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-nmax-155/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-nmax-155.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-sniper-155-exciter",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Exciter 155 / Sniper 155 VVA",
      "model_ko": "엑사이터 155 / 스나이퍼 155 VVA",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B5V",
        "B9Y"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엑사이터 155",
        "스나이퍼 155",
        "Y16ZR 슈퍼모페드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Y16ZR",
        "MX King 155 Sniper 155 VVA",
        "B5V Underbone"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 17.9,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 14.4,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/80-17M/C 46P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-17M/C 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 119,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Exciter 155 / Sniper 155 VVA (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Exciter 155 / Sniper 155 VVA (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-sniper-155-exciter/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-sniper-155-exciter/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-sniper-155-exciter.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tricity-155",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tricity 155 (MW150 / SG37J LMW)",
      "model_ko": "트리시티 155 (고속도로/자동차전용 제외 삼륜)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SG37J",
        "SG81J",
        "BB8"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트리시티 155",
        "야마하 삼륜 155",
        "MW150 트리시티"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tricity 155 ABS",
        "SG37J SG81J Tricity 155"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 15.1,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 14,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "B65-E3411-00 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / 85W-140 (150 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/80-14M/C 43P (x2)",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7V / YTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 172,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Tricity 155 (MW150 / SG37J LMW) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tricity 155 (MW150 / SG37J LMW) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tricity-155/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tricity-155/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tricity-155.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-wr155r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "WR155R (B3M VVA Dual-Sport)",
      "model_ko": "WR155R (수랭 VVA 듀얼퍼포즈)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B3M",
        "DG37"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 WR155R",
        "더블유알 155",
        "입문용 엔듀로 WR155"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha WR155R VVA",
        "B3M WR 155R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 16.7,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 14.3,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.75-21 45P",
        "rear_size": "4.10-18 59P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 880,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) WR155R (B3M VVA Dual-Sport) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha WR155R (B3M VVA Dual-Sport) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-wr155r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-wr155r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-wr155r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xsr155",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XSR155 (B1V Sport Heritage VVA)",
      "model_ko": "XSR155 (엑스알155 헤리티지)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B1V",
        "BBS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 XSR 155",
        "엑스에스알 155"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XSR155 VVA",
        "B1V XSR 155"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 19.3,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 14.7,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 42.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XSR155 (B1V Sport Heritage VVA) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XSR155 (B1V Sport Heritage VVA) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xsr155/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xsr155/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xsr155.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r15-v3",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R15 V3 (BK6 VVA)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R15 V3 (3세대 트윈아이)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BK6",
        "B02",
        "RG47"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알15 V3",
        "구형 R15 VVA",
        "야마하 R15 3세대"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R15 V3.0",
        "BK6 RG47 R15 V3"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 19.3,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 14.7,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 137,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R15 V3 (BK6 VVA) (2017–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R15 V3 (BK6 VVA) (2017–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r15-v3/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r15-v3/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r15-v3.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r15m",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R15M / R15 V4",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R15M / R15 V4 (알일오)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B7D",
        "BGF",
        "RG86"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알15 V4",
        "알일오엠",
        "야마하 R15M",
        "YZF R15"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha R15 V4",
        "YZF-R15M Quickshifter",
        "B7D R15"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 18.4,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 14.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "140/70R17M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ6V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 141,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R15M / R15 V4 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R15M / R15 V4 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r15m/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r15m/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r15m.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tw200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "TW200 (DG07 / Trailway 196cc)",
      "model_ko": "TW200 (트레일웨이 광폭 스크램블러)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2001–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DG07J",
        "2JL",
        "5LB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 TW200",
        "티더블유 200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha TW200 Trailway",
        "2JL DG07J TW200"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 196,
      "power_hp": 16,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 15,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5H0-13440-09 / HF143",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80-18M/C 66P",
        "rear_size": "180/80-14M/C 78P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 125,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 125,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 125,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 150
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR8EA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 126,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) TW200 (DG07 / Trailway 196cc) (2001–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha TW200 (DG07 / Trailway 196cc) (2001–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tw200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tw200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tw200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tw225e",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "TW225E (DG09J Fat-Tire Scrambler)",
      "model_ko": "TW225E (티더블유 225 스카튠)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2002–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DG09J",
        "5VC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 TW225",
        "티더블유 225",
        "기무라 타쿠야 바이크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha TW225E DG09J",
        "5VC TW225"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 223,
      "power_hp": 18,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 18,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5H0-13440-09 / HF143",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80-18M/C 66P",
        "rear_size": "180/80-14M/C 78P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR8EA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GT6B-3 / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 127,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 32
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) TW225E (DG09J Fat-Tire Scrambler) (2002–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha TW225E (DG09J Fat-Tire Scrambler) (2002–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tw225e/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tw225e/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tw225e.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-dragstar-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "DragStar 250 / V-Star 250 (VG02J / VG05J)",
      "model_ko": "드랙스타 250 / V-스타 250",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2000–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VG02J",
        "VG05J",
        "5KR",
        "3LS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 드랙스타 250",
        "비라고 250 후속",
        "XVS250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha V-Star 250 XV250",
        "XVS250 DragStar VG02J VG05J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 21,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 20.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.6,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "4X7-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-18M/C 47P",
        "rear_size": "130/90-15M/C 66P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S / YB10L-A2",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–10Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 670,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 147,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) DragStar 250 / V-Star 250 (VG02J / VG05J) (2000–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha DragStar 250 / V-Star 250 (VG02J / VG05J) (2000–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-majesty-250-yp250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Majesty 250 (SG20J 4D9 YCC-AT)",
      "model_ko": "마제스티 250 (4D9 빅스쿠터)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2007–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SG20J",
        "4D9"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "뉴 마제스티 250",
        "마제스티 4D9",
        "야마하 빅스쿠터 250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Majesty YP250",
        "SG20J 4D9 Majesty 250"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 19,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.6,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "4HC-15351-00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 (250 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90-12 64L",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR8EA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT9B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 700,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Majesty 250 (SG20J 4D9 YCC-AT) (2007–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Majesty 250 (SG20J 4D9 YCC-AT) (2007–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-majesty-250-yp250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-majesty-250-yp250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-majesty-250-yp250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-maxam-cp250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Maxam 250 (CP250 SG17J / SG21J)",
      "model_ko": "막삼 250 (CP250 로우앤롱)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2005–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SG17J",
        "SG21J",
        "1B7"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 막삼",
        "막삼 250",
        "맥삼 CP250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Maxam CP250",
        "Morphous 250 SG17J SG21J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 20,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5RU-13440-00 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 (200 ml final gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-13M/C 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT9B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 655,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 201,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Maxam 250 (CP250 SG17J / SG21J) (2005–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Maxam 250 (CP250 SG17J / SG21J) (2005–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-maxam-cp250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-maxam-cp250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-maxam-cp250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-25",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-25 (RG43 / RG74)",
      "model_ko": "MT-25 (엠티25)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RG43J",
        "RG74J",
        "B9T"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엠티25",
        "야마하 MT25",
        "신형 MT-25"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-25 V2",
        "RG43J RG74J MT25"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 35.5,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 23,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1WD-E3440-00 / 5GH-13440-80 (HF204)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 167,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-25 (RG43 / RG74) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-25 (RG43 / RG74) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-25/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-25/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-25.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-serow-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Serow 250 / XT250 (DG17J / DG31J FI)",
      "model_ko": "세로우 250 / XT250 (인젝션)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2008–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DG17J",
        "DG31J",
        "3C5",
        "B7C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 세로우 250",
        "마운틴 트레일 세로우",
        "XT250 세로우"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Serow 250 Final Edition",
        "XT250 FI DG17J DG31J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 19.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 20.3,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-00 / HF140",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.75-21 45P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 125,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 125,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR7EA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 133,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Serow 250 / XT250 (DG17J / DG31J FI) (2008–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Serow 250 / XT250 (DG17J / DG31J FI) (2008–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-serow-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-serow-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-serow-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tricker-xg250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tricker XG250 (DG16J / DG32J FI)",
      "model_ko": "트리커 250 (XG250 프리라이드)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2008–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DG16J",
        "DG32J",
        "5XT"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 트리커",
        "트리커 250 인젝션",
        "XG250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tricker XG250 FI",
        "DG16J DG32J 5XT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 19.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 20.3,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-00 / HF140",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-19M/C 49P",
        "rear_size": "120/90-16M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR7EA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 127,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 9000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Tricker XG250 (DG16J / DG32J FI) (2008–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tricker XG250 (DG16J / DG32J FI) (2008–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tricker-xg250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tricker-xg250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tricker-xg250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xmax-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XMAX 250 (BG6 / SG42J / SG70J)",
      "model_ko": "XMAX 250 (엑스맥스 250)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SG42J",
        "SG70J",
        "BG6"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엑스맥스 250",
        "야마하 XMAX 250 ABS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XMAX 250 Blue Core",
        "SG42J SG70J BG6"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 22.8,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 24.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.6,
        "overhaul_l": 1.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5YP-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / 80W-90 (200 ml final gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-14M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 181,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XMAX 250 (BG6 / SG42J / SG70J) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XMAX 250 (BG6 / SG42J / SG70J) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xmax-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xmax-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xmax-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r25",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R25 (RG43 / RG74)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R25 (알투파이브)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RG43J",
        "RG74J",
        "BS7"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알25",
        "야마하 R25",
        "YZF R25"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R25 V2",
        "RG10 RG43 RG74 R25"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 35.5,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 22.6,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1WD-E3440-00 / 5GH-13440-80 (HF204)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 169,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R25 (RG43 / RG74) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R25 (RG43 / RG74) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r25/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r25/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r25.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r25-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R25 Gen 1 (RG10J)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R25 1세대 (구형 알25)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2014–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RG10J",
        "1WD",
        "2WD"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 알25",
        "1세대 YZF-R25",
        "RG10J R25"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R25 2014-2018",
        "RG10J 1WD R25"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 36,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 22.6,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1WD-E3440-00 / 5GH-13440-80 (HF204)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 166,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R25 Gen 1 (RG10J) (2014–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R25 Gen 1 (RG10J) (2014–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r25-gen1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r25-gen1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r25-gen1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-wr250f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "WR250F (Reverse-Head FI Enduro)",
      "model_ko": "WR250F (경기용 4행정 레이스 엔듀로)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "2GB",
        "B2W",
        "BNN"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 WR250F",
        "엔듀로 WR250F"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha WR250F 2GB B7P B2W",
        "Reverse-Cylinder WR250F"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 250,
      "power_hp": 39.5,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 26.5,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.95,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-00 / HF140",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 54M",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18 70M",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 100,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 100,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 100,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 120
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8E-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.7 mm",
        "battery_code": "HY85S / YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V LiFePO4 / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 955,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 115,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 1000,
        "oil_filter_km": 2000,
        "air_filter_km": 500,
        "spark_plug_km": 4000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) WR250F (Reverse-Head FI Enduro) (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha WR250F (Reverse-Head FI Enduro) (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-wr250f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-wr250f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-wr250f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-wr250r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "WR250R (DG15J DOHC)",
      "model_ko": "WR250R (공도용 수랭 듀얼퍼포즈)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2008–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DG15J",
        "3D7"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 WR250R",
        "더블유알 250R",
        "수랭 듀얼퍼포즈 WR250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha WR250R Dual-Sport",
        "DG15J 3D7 WR250R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 250,
      "power_hp": 30.7,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 23.7,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-00 / HF140",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21M/C 51P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.7 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 930,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 3000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) WR250R (DG15J DOHC) (2008–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha WR250R (DG15J DOHC) (2008–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-wr250r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-wr250r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-wr250r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-wr250x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "WR250X Supermoto (DG15J)",
      "model_ko": "WR250X (순정 17인치 슈퍼모타드)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2008–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DG15J",
        "3D7"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 WR250X",
        "더블유알 모타드",
        "250 모타드 끝판왕"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha WR250X Motard",
        "DG15J 3D7-X WR250X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 250,
      "power_hp": 30.7,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 23.7,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-00 / HF140",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70R17M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.7 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 895,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 136,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 5000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) WR250X Supermoto (DG15J) (2008–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha WR250X Supermoto (DG15J) (2008–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-wr250x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-wr250x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-wr250x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tricity-300",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tricity 300 (MWD300 LMW)",
      "model_ko": "트리시티 300 (MWD300)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SH15J",
        "SH21J",
        "BX9"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트리시티 300",
        "야마하 삼륜 300",
        "스탠딩 어시스트 트리시티"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tricity 300",
        "MWD300 SH15J",
        "BX9 Tricity 300"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 292,
      "power_hp": 28,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 29,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.6,
        "overhaul_l": 1.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5YP-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / 80W-90 (200 ml final gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-14M/C 55P (x2)",
        "rear_size": "140/70-14M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 239,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Tricity 300 (MWD300 LMW) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tricity 300 (MWD300 LMW) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tricity-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tricity-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tricity-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xmax-300",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XMAX 300 (CZD300-A)",
      "model_ko": "XMAX 300 (엑스맥스 300)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "CZD300-A",
        "SH12",
        "SH20"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엑스맥스 300",
        "야마하 XMAX",
        "신형 엑스맥스",
        "XMAX Tech MAX"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha CZD300",
        "XMAX300 Tech MAX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 292,
      "power_hp": 28,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 29,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 0W-30 (혹한기)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA_OR_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.6,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1S7-E3440-00 / HF141",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 SE+ or SAE 85W GL-3 Gear Oil (200 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15 M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-14 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GTZ8V / YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 183,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 XMAX 300 (CZD300-A) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XMAX 300 (CZD300-A) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xmax-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xmax-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xmax-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-03",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-03 (RH12 / B6W)",
      "model_ko": "MT-03 (RH12 / B6W)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH12",
        "B6W",
        "B9T"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엠티공삼",
        "야마하 MT03",
        "MT-03 신형",
        "엠티 03"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT03 ABS",
        "MT-03 RH12 B6W"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 321,
      "power_hp": 42,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 29.5,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1WD-E3440-10 / 5GH-13440-80 (HF204)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 MT-03 (RH12 / B6W) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-03 (RH12 / B6W) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-03/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-03/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-03.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-03-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-03 Gen 1 (RH07)",
      "model_ko": "MT-03 1세대 (구형 할로겐 엠티03)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2016–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH07",
        "B08"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 엠티03",
        "1세대 MT-03 병렬2기통"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-03 2016-2019",
        "RH07 B08 MT-03"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 321,
      "power_hp": 42,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 29.6,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1WD-E3440-00 / 5GH-13440-80 (HF204)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-03 Gen 1 (RH07) (2016–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-03 Gen 1 (RH07) (2016–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-03-gen1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-03-gen1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-03-gen1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r3",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R3 (RH12 / B7P)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R3 (알쓰리)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH12",
        "B7P",
        "B5L"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알쓰리",
        "야마하 R3",
        "YZFR3",
        "엠티03 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha R3",
        "YZFR3 RH12",
        "MT-03 platform"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 321,
      "power_hp": 42,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 29.5,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 (서킷 주행 시)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1WD-E3440-10 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 169,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 YZF-R3 (RH12 / B7P) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R3 (RH12 / B7P) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r3-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R3 Gen 1 (RH07)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R3 1세대 (구형 알쓰리)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2015–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH07",
        "B02",
        "2MS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 알쓰리",
        "1세대 YZF-R3",
        "정립포크 R3"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R3 2015-2018",
        "RH07 B02 R3 Gen 1"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 321,
      "power_hp": 42,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 29.6,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1WD-E3440-00 / 5GH-13440-80 (HF204)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "GTZ8V / YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 169,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R3 Gen 1 (RH07) (2015–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R3 Gen 1 (RH07) (2015–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3-gen1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3-gen1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r3-gen1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-majesty-400-yp400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Majesty 400 / Grand Majesty 400 (SH04 / SH06)",
      "model_ko": "그랜드 마제스티 400 (YP400)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2004–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SH04J",
        "SH06J",
        "5RU",
        "34B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "마제스티 400",
        "그랜드 마제스티 400",
        "야마하 YP400"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Majesty 400 YP400",
        "Grand Majesty 400 SH04J SH06J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 395,
      "power_hp": 34,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 36.3,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5RU-13440-00 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 (250 ml final gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14M/C 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 190,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT9B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 220,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Majesty 400 / Grand Majesty 400 (SH04 / SH06) (2004–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Majesty 400 / Grand Majesty 400 (SH04 / SH06) (2004–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-majesty-400-yp400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-majesty-400-yp400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-majesty-400-yp400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xmax-400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XMAX 400 (SH07 / SH11)",
      "model_ko": "XMAX 400 (엑스맥스 400)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2013–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SH07",
        "SH11",
        "1SD",
        "B74"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엑스맥스 400",
        "야마하 XMAX400"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha X-MAX 400",
        "YP400R SH07 SH11"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 395,
      "power_hp": 33.3,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 36,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5RU-13440-00 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-30 / 10W-40 (250 ml final gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15M/C 56S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 210,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT9B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XMAX 400 (SH07 / SH11) (2013–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XMAX 400 (SH07 / SH11) (2013–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xmax-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xmax-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xmax-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-dragstar-400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "DragStar 400 / Classic 400 (VH01J / VH02J)",
      "model_ko": "드랙스타 400 / 클래식 400",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1996–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "4TR",
        "VH01J",
        "VH02J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 드랙스타 400",
        "드랙스타 클래식 400",
        "XVS400"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XVS400 DragStar",
        "DragStar Classic 400 4TR VH01J VH02J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 30,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 31,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "4X7-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 190,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (190 ml shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19M/C 57S",
        "rear_size": "170/80-15M/C 77S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 234,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) DragStar 400 / Classic 400 (VH01J / VH02J) (1996–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha DragStar 400 / Classic 400 (VH01J / VH02J) (1996–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-sr400-carb",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "SR400 Carburetor (1JR / RH01J)",
      "model_ko": "SR400 갸브레터 (1JR / RH01J 클래식)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1978–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "2H6",
        "1JR",
        "RH01J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 SR400 캬브",
        "SR400 1JR 드럼",
        "SR400 RH01J"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha SR400 Carbureted",
        "1JR RH01J 2H6 SR400"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 27,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 29,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-40 / 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "4X7-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/100-18M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "110/90-18M/C 61S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BPR6ES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "GT4B-5",
        "battery_spec": "12V 2.5Ah Sealed (Kickstart)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) SR400 Carburetor (1JR / RH01J) (1978–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha SR400 Carburetor (1JR / RH01J) (1978–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-sr400-carb/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-sr400-carb/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-sr400-carb.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-sr400-final-edition",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "SR400 Final Edition (RH03 / RH16 FI)",
      "model_ko": "SR400 파이널 에디션 (인젝션)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2010–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH03J",
        "RH16J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에스알400",
        "SR400 인젝션",
        "SR400 파이널"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha SR400 FI",
        "SR400 Final Edition",
        "RH03J RH16J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 24,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 28,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-40 / 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "4X7-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/100-18M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "110/90-18M/C 61S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BPR6ES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "GT4B-5",
        "battery_spec": "12V 2.5Ah Sealed (Kickstart)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 175,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) SR400 Final Edition (RH03 / RH16 FI) (2010–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha SR400 Final Edition (RH03 / RH16 FI) (2010–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-sr400-final-edition/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-sr400-final-edition/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-sr400-final-edition.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-wr450f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "WR450F (Reverse-Head FI Enduro)",
      "model_ko": "WR450F (후방경사 리버스헤드 엔듀로)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "2GC",
        "B7R",
        "BHR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 WR450F",
        "더블유알 450 엔듀로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha WR450F Enduro",
        "2GC B7R BHR WR450F"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 450,
      "power_hp": 54,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 48,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.72,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-00 / HF140",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 54M",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18 70M",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 100,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 100,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 100,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 120
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HY85S / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 2.4Ah Lithium / YTZ7S",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 955,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 119,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 1000,
        "oil_filter_km": 2000,
        "air_filter_km": 500,
        "spark_plug_km": 4000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) WR450F (Reverse-Head FI Enduro) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha WR450F (Reverse-Head FI Enduro) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-wr450f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-wr450f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-wr450f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-sr500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "SR500 (2J4 / 48T Big Single)",
      "model_ko": "SR500 (롱스트로크 원조 빅싱글)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1978–1999",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "2J4",
        "48T",
        "1JN"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 SR500",
        "에스알 500"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha SR500 2J4 48T",
        "XT500 Road Single"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 499,
      "power_hp": 32,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 36.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-40 / 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "4X7-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.50-18 56S",
        "rear_size": "4.00-18 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BPR6ES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "GT4B-5",
        "battery_spec": "12V 2.5Ah Sealed (Kickstart)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 169,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) SR500 (2J4 / 48T Big Single) (1978–1999) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha SR500 (2J4 / 48T Big Single) (1978–1999) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-sr500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-sr500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-sr500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tmax-500-sj04",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "TMAX 500 Gen 1–2 (SJ02 / SJ04)",
      "model_ko": "TMAX 500 1·2세대 (초대 티맥스)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2001–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SJ02J",
        "SJ04J",
        "5GJ",
        "5VU"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1세대 티맥스 500",
        "2세대 티맥스 인젝션",
        "티맥스 SJ02 SJ04"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha TMAX 500 2001-2007",
        "SJ02J SJ04J 5GJ 5VU"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 499,
      "power_hp": 44.4,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 47.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GJ-13440-00 / HF147",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 700,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil (700 ml enclosed chain case)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-14M/C 55S",
        "rear_size": "160/60R15M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT9B-BS / GT9B-4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) TMAX 500 Gen 1–2 (SJ02 / SJ04) (2001–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha TMAX 500 Gen 1–2 (SJ02 / SJ04) (2001–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tmax-500-sj04/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tmax-500-sj04/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tmax-500-sj04.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tmax-500-sj08",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "TMAX 500 (SJ08)",
      "model_ko": "TMAX 500 (SJ08 3세대)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2008–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SJ08",
        "4B5"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "티맥스 500",
        "구형 티맥스",
        "3세대 티맥스 SJ08"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha TMAX 500 SJ08",
        "XP500 Gen 3",
        "4B5 TMAX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 499,
      "power_hp": 43.5,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 46.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 700,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-4/GL-5 (700 ml enclosed chain case)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R15M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R15M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 221,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) TMAX 500 (SJ08) (2008–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha TMAX 500 (SJ08) (2008–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tmax-500-sj08/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tmax-500-sj08/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tmax-500-sj08.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tmax-530-dx-sx",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "TMAX 530 DX / SX (SJ15)",
      "model_ko": "TMAX 530 DX / SX (티맥스 530)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SJ15",
        "BV1",
        "BX3"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "티맥스 530 DX",
        "티맥스 530 SX",
        "6세대 티맥스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha TMAX 530 DX",
        "TMAX 530 SX",
        "XP530 SJ15"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 530,
      "power_hp": 45.9,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 53,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R15M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R15M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 216,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) TMAX 530 DX / SX (SJ15) (2017–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha TMAX 530 DX / SX (SJ15) (2017–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tmax-530-dx-sx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tmax-530-dx-sx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tmax-530-dx-sx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tmax-530-sj12",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "TMAX 530 (SJ09 / SJ12 Iron Max)",
      "model_ko": "TMAX 530 (4·5세대 아이언맥스)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SJ09",
        "SJ12",
        "59C",
        "2PW"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "4세대 티맥스 530",
        "5세대 티맥스 아이언맥스",
        "티맥스 SJ09 SJ12"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha TMAX 530 Iron Max",
        "XP500A SJ09 SJ12 59C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 530,
      "power_hp": 46.5,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 52.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R15M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R15M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 221,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) TMAX 530 (SJ09 / SJ12 Iron Max) (2012–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha TMAX 530 (SJ09 / SJ12 Iron Max) (2012–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tmax-530-sj12/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tmax-530-sj12/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tmax-530-sj12.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tmax-560",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "TMAX 560 / Tech MAX (XP560)",
      "model_ko": "TMAX 560 / 테크맥스 (티맥스 560)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SJ18",
        "SJ21",
        "XP560D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "티맥스 560",
        "티맥스 테크맥스",
        "야마하 TMAX",
        "XP560"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XP560",
        "TMAX560 Tech MAX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 562,
      "power_hp": 47.6,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 55.7,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R15 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R15 M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR7G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 220,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 TMAX 560 (XP560 / XP560D) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha TMAX 560 (XP560 / XP560D) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tmax-560/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tmax-560/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tmax-560.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r6-bn6",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R6 (BN6)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R6 (BN6 알식스)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BN6",
        "RJ27"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알식스",
        "신형 R6",
        "YZF R6 BN6",
        "야마하 알식스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha R6 BN6",
        "YZF-R6 2017-2020",
        "RJ27 R6"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 118.4,
      "power_rpm": 14500,
      "torque_nm": 61.7,
      "torque_rpm": 10500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR10EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 190,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R6 (BN6) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R6 (BN6) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r6-bn6/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r6-bn6/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r6-bn6.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r6-rj15",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R6 (RJ11 / RJ15)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R6 (RJ11 / RJ15 구형 알식스)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2006–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RJ11",
        "RJ15",
        "2C0",
        "13S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 알식스",
        "06-16 R6",
        "야마하 RJ15 알식스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R6 2006-2016",
        "2C0 13S RJ11 RJ15"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 123.7,
      "power_rpm": 14500,
      "torque_nm": 65.7,
      "torque_rpm": 10500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR10EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R6 (RJ11 / RJ15) (2006–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R6 (RJ11 / RJ15) (2006–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r6-rj15/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r6-rj15/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r6-rj15.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-fz6-fazer-s2",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "FZ6 / FZ6 Fazer S2 (RJ07 / RJ14)",
      "model_ko": "FZ6 / 페이저 S2 (센터업 600 4기통)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2004–2010",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RJ07",
        "RJ14",
        "5VX",
        "4S8"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 FZ6 페이저",
        "FZ6 S2",
        "페이저 600 인젝션"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FZ6-S2 Fazer",
        "FZ6-N RJ07 RJ14 5VX 4S8"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 600,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 63.1,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) FZ6 / FZ6 Fazer S2 (RJ07 / RJ14) (2004–2010) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha FZ6 / FZ6 Fazer S2 (RJ07 / RJ14) (2004–2010) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-fz6-fazer-s2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-fz6-fazer-s2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-fz6-fazer-s2.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xj6-diversion",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XJ6 / XJ6 Diversion F (RJ19 / RJ22)",
      "model_ko": "XJ6 / 디버전 F (실키 4기통 투어러)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2009–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RJ19",
        "RJ22",
        "20S",
        "36P"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 XJ6",
        "XJ6 디버전",
        "북미 FZ6R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XJ6 Diversion F",
        "FZ6R RJ19 RJ22 20S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 600,
      "power_hp": 77.5,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 59.7,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XJ6 / XJ6 Diversion F (RJ19 / RJ22) (2009–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XJ6 / XJ6 Diversion F (RJ19 / RJ22) (2009–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xj6-diversion/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xj6-diversion/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xj6-diversion.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-dragstar-650",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "DragStar 650 / V-Star 650 (XVS650)",
      "model_ko": "드랙스타 650 / V-스타 650",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1997–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VM02",
        "VM03",
        "VM04",
        "4VR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 드랙스타 650",
        "브이스타 650",
        "XVS650A 클래식"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha V-Star 650 Custom Classic",
        "XVS650 VM02 VM03 VM04"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 50.9,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "4X7-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 190,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (190 ml shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16M/C 67S",
        "rear_size": "170/80-15M/C 77S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 242,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) DragStar 650 / V-Star 650 (XVS650) (1997–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha DragStar 650 / V-Star 650 (XVS650) (1997–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-03-660",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-03 660 Single (RM02)",
      "model_ko": "MT-03 660 (초대 빅싱글 토크스포츠)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2006–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RM02",
        "5YK"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 단기통 MT-03 660",
        "MT03 660 RM02"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-03 660cc 2006-2013",
        "RM02 5YK MT-03 Single"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 660,
      "power_hp": 48,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 56.2,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-40 / 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT9B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-03 660 Single (RM02) (2006–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-03 660 Single (RM02) (2006–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-03-660/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-03-660/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-03-660.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xt660r-xt660x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XT660R / XT660X (DM01 FI)",
      "model_ko": "XT660R / XT660X (듀얼퍼포즈·모타드)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2004–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DM01",
        "5VK",
        "1D2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 XT660R",
        "XT660X 슈퍼모타드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XT660X Supermoto",
        "XT660R DM01 5VK"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 660,
      "power_hp": 48,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 60,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-40 / 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17M/C 65S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT9B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 865,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 181,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XT660R / XT660X (DM01 FI) (2004–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XT660R / XT660X (DM01 FI) (2004–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xt660r-xt660x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xt660r-xt660x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xt660r-xt660x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xt660z-tenere",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XT660Z Ténéré (DM02 / DM04 FI)",
      "model_ko": "XT660Z 테네레 (단기통 랠리 어드벤처)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2008–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DM02",
        "DM04",
        "11D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 XT660Z",
        "구형 테네레 660 단기통"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XT660Z Tenere ABS",
        "DM02 DM04 11D"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 660,
      "power_hp": 47.6,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 58,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-40 / 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "5TA-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17M/C 65S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 210,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT9B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 895,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XT660Z Ténéré (DM02 / DM04 FI) (2008–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XT660Z Ténéré (DM02 / DM04 FI) (2008–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xt660z-tenere/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xt660z-tenere/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xt660z-tenere.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-07",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-07 (RM33 / RM48 CP2)",
      "model_ko": "MT-07 (엠티07)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RM33",
        "RM48"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 MT07",
        "엠티 공칠",
        "CP2 엔진",
        "YZF-R7 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT07",
        "FZ-07",
        "CP2 689cc"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 73.4,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 67,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 184,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 MT-07 (RM33 / CP2) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-07 (RM33 / CP2) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-07/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-07/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-07.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-07-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-07 / FZ-07 Gen 1–2 (RM04 / RM17)",
      "model_ko": "MT-07 1·2세대 (RM04 / RM17 구형)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RM04",
        "RM17",
        "1WS",
        "B4C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 엠티07",
        "1세대 MT-07",
        "야마하 FZ-07"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FZ-07",
        "MT-07 RM04 RM17 1WS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 74.8,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 182,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-07 / FZ-07 Gen 1–2 (RM04 / RM17) (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-07 / FZ-07 Gen 1–2 (RM04 / RM17) (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-07-gen1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-07-gen1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-07-gen1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tenere-700",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Ténéré 700 (XTZ690 CP2)",
      "model_ko": "테네레 700 (XTZ690)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DM07",
        "DM11",
        "XTZ690"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 테네레700",
        "T7",
        "테네레 CP2"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tenere 700 T7",
        "XTZ690 DM07"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 73.4,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18 M/C 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 Ténéré 700 (XTZ690) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Ténéré 700 (XTZ690) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tenere-700-extreme",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Ténéré 700 Extreme / Rally Edition (DM11)",
      "model_ko": "테네레 700 익스트림 / 랠리 에디션",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DM11",
        "DM16",
        "BMM"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "테네레 700 익스트림",
        "테네레 700 랠리",
        "하디 엔듀로 테네레"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tenere 700 Extreme",
        "Tenere 700 Rally Edition DM11"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 73.4,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18M/C 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 210,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 210,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 910,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Ténéré 700 Extreme / Rally Edition (DM11) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Ténéré 700 Extreme / Rally Edition (DM11) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700-extreme/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700-extreme/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700-extreme.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tenere-700-world-raid",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Ténéré 700 World Raid (DM11)",
      "model_ko": "테네레 700 월드 레이드",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DM11",
        "DM15",
        "BAG"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "테네레 월드레이드",
        "테네레 700 대용량 탱크",
        "T7 월드 레이드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tenere 700 World Raid",
        "XTZ690D World Raid DM11"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 73.4,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18M/C 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 210,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 210,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 220,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Ténéré 700 World Raid (DM11) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Ténéré 700 World Raid (DM11) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700-world-raid/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700-world-raid/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tenere-700-world-raid.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tracer-7",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tracer 7 / Tracer 7 GT (RM30)",
      "model_ko": "트레이서 7 / 트레이서 700",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RM30",
        "RM31",
        "RM14"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트레이서 7",
        "트레이서 700",
        "MT-07 트레이서"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tracer 7 GT",
        "Tracer 700 RM14 RM30"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 73.4,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 67,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 197,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Tracer 7 / Tracer 7 GT (RM30) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tracer 7 / Tracer 7 GT (RM30) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tracer-7/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tracer-7/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tracer-7.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tracer-700-rm14",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tracer 700 Gen 1 (RM14 CP2)",
      "model_ko": "트레이서 700 1세대 (RM14)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2016–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RM14",
        "RM15",
        "BC6"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 트레이서 700",
        "MT-07 트레이서 RM14"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tracer 700 2016-2019",
        "RM14 BC6 Tracer 700"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 74.8,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Tracer 700 Gen 1 (RM14 CP2) (2016–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tracer 700 Gen 1 (RM14 CP2) (2016–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tracer-700-rm14/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tracer-700-rm14/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tracer-700-rm14.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xsr700",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XSR700 (RM11 / RM36 CP2)",
      "model_ko": "XSR700 (엑스알700 CP2)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RM11",
        "RM36",
        "B2G"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 XSR 700",
        "XSR700 헤리티지",
        "엑스에스알 700"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XSR700 XTribute",
        "XSR700 Legacy",
        "RM11 RM36"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 73.4,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 67,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XSR700 (RM11 / RM36 CP2) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XSR700 (RM11 / RM36 CP2) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xsr700/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xsr700/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xsr700.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r7",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R7 (RM39 CP2)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R7 (RM39)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RM39",
        "BEB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알세븐",
        "야마하 R7",
        "YZFR7",
        "CP2 알세븐"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha R7 CP2",
        "YZF-R7 RM39"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 689,
      "power_hp": 73.4,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 67,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 / 15W-50 (서킷 주행 시)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 YZF-R7 (RM39) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R7 (RM39) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r7/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r7/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r7.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-fz8-fazer8",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "FZ8 / Fazer8 (RN25)",
      "model_ko": "FZ8 / 페이저8 (RN25 미들급 4기통)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2010–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN25",
        "39P",
        "42P"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 FZ8",
        "페이저8",
        "FZ8N FZ8S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FZ8-N",
        "Fazer 800 FZ8-S RN25 39P"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 779,
      "power_hp": 106.2,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 82,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 211,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) FZ8 / Fazer8 (RN25) (2010–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha FZ8 / Fazer8 (RN25) (2010–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-fz8-fazer8/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-fz8-fazer8/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-fz8-fazer8.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-09-gen1-rn29",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-09 / FZ-09 Gen 1 (RN29 847cc)",
      "model_ko": "MT-09 1세대 (RN29 구형 847cc)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2014–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN29",
        "1RC",
        "2DR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1세대 엠티09",
        "구형 MT-09 RN29",
        "야마하 FZ-09"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FZ-09 2014-2016",
        "MT-09 Gen 1 RN29 1RC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 847,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 87.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 191,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-09 / FZ-09 Gen 1 (RN29 847cc) (2014–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-09 / FZ-09 Gen 1 (RN29 847cc) (2014–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-gen1-rn29/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-gen1-rn29/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-gen1-rn29.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-09-gen2-rn43",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-09 / SP Gen 2 (RN43 847cc)",
      "model_ko": "MT-09 / SP 2세대 (RN43 트윈아이)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN43",
        "BS2",
        "B6C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "2세대 엠티09",
        "구형 MT-09 SP RN43",
        "트윈아이 MT09"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-09 RN43 2017-2020",
        "MT-09 SP Gen 2 BS2"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 847,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 87.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-09 / SP Gen 2 (RN43 847cc) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-09 / SP Gen 2 (RN43 847cc) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-gen2-rn43/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-gen2-rn43/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-gen2-rn43.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-09-tracer-rn29",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-09 Tracer / FJ-09 (RN29 847cc)",
      "model_ko": "MT-09 트레이서 (초대 FJ-09)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2015–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN29",
        "RN43-T",
        "2SC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엠티09 트레이서",
        "초대 트레이서 850",
        "야마하 FJ-09"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FJ-09 2015-2017",
        "MT-09 Tracer RN29 2SC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 847,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 87.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-09 Tracer / FJ-09 (RN29 847cc) (2015–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-09 Tracer / FJ-09 (RN29 847cc) (2015–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-tracer-rn29/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-tracer-rn29/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-tracer-rn29.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-niken-gt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Niken GT (RN58 LMW CP3)",
      "model_ko": "나이켄 GT (삼륜 CP3 투어러)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2019–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN58",
        "BD5",
        "B5B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 나이켄",
        "나이켄 GT",
        "삼륜 투어러 나이켄"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Niken GT MXT850",
        "RN58 Niken 847",
        "LMW Sport Tourer"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 847,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 87.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R15M/C 56V (x2)",
        "rear_size": "190/55R17M/C 75V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 267,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Niken GT (RN58 LMW CP3) (2019–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Niken GT (RN58 LMW CP3) (2019–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-niken-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-niken-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-niken-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tracer-900-gt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tracer 900 GT (RN57 847cc)",
      "model_ko": "트레이서 900 GT (RN57)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2018–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN57",
        "B1J",
        "B5C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트레이서 900 GT",
        "MT-09 트레이서 GT",
        "구형 트레이서 900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tracer 900 GT",
        "FJ-09 Tracer RN57",
        "B1J Tracer 900"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 847,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 87.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Tracer 900 GT (RN57 847cc) (2018–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tracer 900 GT (RN57 847cc) (2018–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tracer-900-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tracer-900-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tracer-900-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xsr900-gen1-rn43",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XSR900 Gen 1 (RN43 847cc)",
      "model_ko": "XSR900 1세대 (구형 847cc 헤리티지)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN43",
        "B90"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 XSR900",
        "1세대 엑스알900",
        "XSR900 아바스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XSR900 2016-2021",
        "XSR900 Abarth RN43 B90"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 847,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 87.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XSR900 Gen 1 (RN43 847cc) (2016–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XSR900 Gen 1 (RN43 847cc) (2016–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xsr900-gen1-rn43/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xsr900-gen1-rn43/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xsr900-gen1-rn43.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-09",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-09 / SP (CP3 890cc)",
      "model_ko": "MT-09 / SP (엠티09)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN69",
        "RN87"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 MT09",
        "엠티 공구",
        "CP3 3기통",
        "XSR900 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT09 RN69 RN87",
        "FZ-09 CP3 890"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 119,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 MT-09 (RN69 / RN87 890cc) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-09 (RN69 / RN87 890cc) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-09/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-09/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-09.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-09-sp-gen4",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-09 SP (RN96 Brembo Stylema)",
      "model_ko": "MT-09 SP (4세대 브렘보·올린즈)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN96",
        "BML"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 MT-09 SP",
        "4세대 엠티09 SP",
        "야마하 MT09 SP 브렘보"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-09 SP 2024",
        "Gen 4 MT-09 SP RN96"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 119,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 194,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-09 SP (RN96 Brembo Stylema) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-09 SP (RN96 Brembo Stylema) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-sp-gen4/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-sp-gen4/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-09-sp-gen4.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tracer-9-gt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tracer 9 / Tracer 9 GT (RN70 CP3)",
      "model_ko": "트레이서 9 GT (RN70)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN70",
        "BAP"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트레이서 9",
        "트레이서9 GT",
        "야마하 트레이서 9 GT",
        "트레이서 9 GT+"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tracer 9 GT",
        "Tracer 900 GT successor RN70",
        "Tracer 9 GT+"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 119,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 220,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 Tracer 9 / Tracer 9 GT (RN70) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tracer 9 / Tracer 9 GT (RN70) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tracer-9-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tracer-9-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tracer-9-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tracer-9-gt-plus",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Tracer 9 GT+ (RN70 Radar ACC)",
      "model_ko": "트레이서 9 GT+ (밀리미터파 레이더 ACC)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN70",
        "BMK"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트레이서 9 GT 플러스",
        "레이더 트레이서 9",
        "신형 트레이서 GT+"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Tracer 9 GT Plus",
        "RN70 Radar Cruise Tracer 9"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 119,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Tracer 9 GT+ (RN70 Radar ACC) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Tracer 9 GT+ (RN70 Radar ACC) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tracer-9-gt-plus/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tracer-9-gt-plus/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tracer-9-gt-plus.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xsr900",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XSR900 (RN80 Heritage CP3)",
      "model_ko": "XSR900 (RN80 헤리티지)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN80",
        "BEA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "XSR 900",
        "야마하 XSR900",
        "신형 XSR900",
        "헤리티지 CP3"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XSR 900 RN80",
        "XSR900 Heritage CP3",
        "XSR900 GP platform"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 119,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 XSR900 (RN80) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XSR900 (RN80) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xsr900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xsr900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xsr900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xsr900-gp",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XSR900 GP (RN96 CP3)",
      "model_ko": "XSR900 GP (헤리티지 레이서)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN96",
        "BMG"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "XSR900 GP",
        "야마하 YZR500 레플리카",
        "엑스알900 GP"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XSR900 GP",
        "RN96 XSR900GP",
        "GP Replica CP3"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 119,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 200,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XSR900 GP (RN96 CP3) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XSR900 GP (RN96 CP3) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xsr900-gp/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xsr900-gp/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xsr900-gp.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r9",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R9 (CP3 890)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R9 (알나인 CP3)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN98",
        "B1X"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알나인",
        "야마하 R9",
        "YZF R9"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R9 2025",
        "R9 CP3 Supersport",
        "RN98 R9"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 119,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9A-9 / CPR9EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R9 (CP3 890) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R9 (CP3 890) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r9/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r9/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r9.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-tdm900",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "TDM900 (RN08 / RN11 / RN18)",
      "model_ko": "TDM900 (270도 크랭크 원조 크로스오버)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2002–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN08",
        "RN11",
        "RN18",
        "5PS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 TDM900",
        "티디엠 900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha TDM900A ABS",
        "5PS 2B0 RN08 RN11 RN18"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 897,
      "power_hp": 86.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 88.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "4X7-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR18M/C (59W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 20000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) TDM900 (RN08 / RN11 / RN18) (2002–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha TDM900 (RN08 / RN11 / RN18) (2002–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-tdm900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-tdm900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-tdm900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-bolt-r-spec",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Bolt R-Spec (XV950R VN04 / VN09)",
      "model_ko": "볼트 R-Spec (XV950R)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2014–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VN04J",
        "VN09J",
        "2DX"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 볼트 950",
        "볼트 알스펙",
        "XV950R 볼트"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Star Bolt R-Spec",
        "XV950R VN04 VN09"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 942,
      "power_hp": 54,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16M/C 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 252,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Bolt R-Spec (XV950R VN04 / VN09) (2014–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Bolt R-Spec (XV950R VN04 / VN09) (2014–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-bolt-r-spec/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-bolt-r-spec/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-bolt-r-spec.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-scr950",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "SCR950 (VN07 V-Twin Scrambler)",
      "model_ko": "SCR950 (볼트 베이스 V-트윈 스크램블러)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VN07",
        "B33"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 SCR950",
        "에스씨알 950"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha SCR950 Scrambler",
        "VN07 B33 XV950SCR"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 942,
      "power_hp": 54,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 79.5,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/80R17M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 252,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) SCR950 (VN07 V-Twin Scrambler) (2017–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha SCR950 (VN07 V-Twin Scrambler) (2017–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-scr950/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-scr950/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-scr950.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-fz1-fazer",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "FZ1 / FZ1 Fazer (RN16 / RN21)",
      "model_ko": "FZ1 / FZ1 페이저 (RN16 20밸브)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2006–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN16",
        "RN21",
        "2D1",
        "3C3"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 FZ1",
        "FZ1 페이저 1000",
        "페이저 리터급"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FZ1-S Fazer 1000",
        "FZ1-N RN16 RN21 2D1"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 220,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) FZ1 / FZ1 Fazer (RN16 / RN21) (2006–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha FZ1 / FZ1 Fazer (RN16 / RN21) (2006–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-fz1-fazer/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-fz1-fazer/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-fz1-fazer.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-10",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-10 (RN45 / RN78 CP4)",
      "model_ko": "MT-10 (엠티10 크로스플레인)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN45",
        "RN78",
        "B67",
        "B5U"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엠티10",
        "야마하 MT10",
        "리터급 네이키드 MT-10"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-10 CP4",
        "FZ-10 RN45",
        "RN78 MT-10"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 165.9,
      "power_rpm": 11500,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.9,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55ZR17M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9E-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 212,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-10 (RN45 / RN78 CP4) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-10 (RN45 / RN78 CP4) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-10/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-10/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-10.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-10-sp",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-10 SP (RN78 Öhlins Gen-2)",
      "model_ko": "MT-10 SP (올린즈 전자식 서스펜션)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN78",
        "B5V",
        "BGV"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엠티10 SP",
        "야마하 MT10 SP",
        "신형 MT-10 SP"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-10 SP Smart EC 2.0",
        "RN78 MT10SP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 165.9,
      "power_rpm": 11500,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.9,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55ZR17M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9E-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-10 SP (RN78 Öhlins Gen-2) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-10 SP (RN78 Öhlins Gen-2) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-10-sp/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-10-sp/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-10-sp.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r1",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R1 / R1M (RN65 CP4)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R1 (RN65 크로스플레인)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN65",
        "B3L"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알원",
        "야마하 R1",
        "YZFR1",
        "크로스플레인 알원"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha R1 CP4",
        "YZF-R1 RN65",
        "YZF-R1M"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 200,
      "power_rpm": 13500,
      "torque_nm": 113.3,
      "torque_rpm": 11500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Yamalube RS4GP / 서킷 주행)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.9,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9E-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.7 mm (Dual Ground Electrode)",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah Lightweight AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 855,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 201,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하 YZF-R1 / R1M (RN65) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R1 / R1M (RN65) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r1-rn12-rn19",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R1 (RN12 / RN19 Screamer)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R1 (RN12 / RN19 등간격 스크리머)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2004–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN12",
        "RN19",
        "5VY",
        "4C8"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "04-06 알원 5밸브",
        "07-08 알원 4밸브",
        "스크리머 R1"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R1 2004-2008",
        "5VY RN12 4C8 RN19"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 180,
      "power_rpm": 12500,
      "torque_nm": 112.7,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R1 (RN12 / RN19 Screamer) (2004–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R1 (RN12 / RN19 Screamer) (2004–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn12-rn19/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn12-rn19/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn12-rn19.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r1-rn22",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R1 Crossplane (RN22 Big-Bang)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R1 (RN22 초대 빅뱅 크로스플레인)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2009–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN22",
        "14B",
        "1KB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "빅뱅 알원",
        "09-14 R1",
        "부엉이 빅뱅 R1"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R1 2009-2014",
        "RN22 14B 1KB Big-Bang R1"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 182,
      "power_rpm": 12500,
      "torque_nm": 115.5,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4.58,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55ZR17M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9E-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R1 Crossplane (RN22 Big-Bang) (2009–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R1 Crossplane (RN22 Big-Bang) (2009–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn22/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn22/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn22.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r1-rn32",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R1 (RN32 / RN49 CP4)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R1 (RN32 / RN49 크로스플레인)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2015–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN32",
        "RN49",
        "2CR",
        "BX4"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "15-19 알원",
        "신형 페이스 R1 RN32",
        "야마하 R1 RN49"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R1 2015-2019",
        "RN32 RN49 2CR BX4"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 200,
      "power_rpm": 13500,
      "torque_nm": 112.4,
      "torque_rpm": 11500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.9,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55ZR17M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9E-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 855,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R1 (RN32 / RN49 CP4) (2015–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R1 (RN32 / RN49 CP4) (2015–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn32/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn32/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1-rn32.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-yzf-r1m",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "YZF-R1M (RN65 Carbon Öhlins ERS)",
      "model_ko": "YZF-R1M (알원엠 카본·올린즈)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RN65",
        "B3L",
        "B4S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알원엠",
        "야마하 R1M",
        "YZF R1M"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha YZF-R1M",
        "RN65 R1M Carbon",
        "CP4 Flagship R1M"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 200,
      "power_rpm": 13500,
      "torque_nm": 113.3,
      "torque_rpm": 11500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (Yamalube RS4GP Track)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.9,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55ZR17M/C (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9E-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah Lightweight AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 202,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 18000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) YZF-R1M (RN65 Carbon Öhlins ERS) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha YZF-R1M (RN65 Carbon Öhlins ERS) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1m/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1m/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-yzf-r1m.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-dragstar-1100",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "DragStar 1100 / V-Star 1100 (XVS1100)",
      "model_ko": "드랙스타 1100 / V-스타 1100",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1999–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VP05",
        "VP13",
        "VP16",
        "5EL"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 드랙스타 1100",
        "브이스타 1100 클래식",
        "XVS1100"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha V-Star 1100 Classic Custom",
        "XVS1100 VP05 VP13 VP16"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1063,
      "power_hp": 62,
      "power_rpm": 5750,
      "torque_nm": 85,
      "torque_rpm": 2500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "4X7-13440-90 / HF145",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (200 ml shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16M/C 67S",
        "rear_size": "170/80-15M/C 77S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BPR7ES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT14B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 286,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) DragStar 1100 / V-Star 1100 (XVS1100) (1999–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha DragStar 1100 / V-Star 1100 (XVS1100) (1999–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-1100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-1100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-dragstar-1100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-vmax-1200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "V-Max 1200 (2WE / 3UF V-Boost V4)",
      "model_ko": "V-Max 1200 (원조 V-부스트 머슬)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1985–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "1FK",
        "2WE",
        "3UF",
        "2LT"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 브이맥스 1200",
        "V부스트 브이맥스",
        "VMX1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha V-Max 1200 V-Boost",
        "VMX12 1FK 2WE 3UF"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1198,
      "power_hp": 145,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 121.6,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (200 ml shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90-18M/C 61V",
        "rear_size": "150/90-15M/C 74V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB16AL-A2",
        "battery_spec": "12V 16.0Ah AGM Conversion Recommended",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 283,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 12.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) V-Max 1200 (2WE / 3UF V-Boost V4) (1985–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha V-Max 1200 (2WE / 3UF V-Boost V4) (1985–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-vmax-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-vmax-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-vmax-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-super-tenere-1200ze",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Super Ténéré XT1200ZE (DP04 / DP07)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼 테네레 1200ZE (XT1200ZE)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2014–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DP04",
        "DP07",
        "2BS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "슈퍼 테네레 1200",
        "야마하 XT1200ZE",
        "슈퍼테네레 ES"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Super Tenere 1200 ES",
        "XT1200ZE DP04 DP07"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1199,
      "power_hp": 112,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 117,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (200 ml shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R19M/C 59V",
        "rear_size": "150/70R17M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ12S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 265,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Super Ténéré XT1200ZE (DP04 / DP07) (2014–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Super Ténéré XT1200ZE (DP04 / DP07) (2014–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-super-tenere-1200ze/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-super-tenere-1200ze/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-super-tenere-1200ze.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-xjr1300",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "XJR1300 / Racer (RP19 / RP29 FI)",
      "model_ko": "XJR1300 (공랭 빅네이키드 인젝션)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2007–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RP19",
        "RP29",
        "5UX",
        "2PN"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 XJR1300",
        "엑스제이알 1300",
        "XJR1300 레이서"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha XJR1300 Yard Built",
        "XJR1300 Racer RP19 RP29 5UX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1251,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 108.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "36Y-13441-00 / HF154",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT14B-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2–12Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 829,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 240,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) XJR1300 / Racer (RP19 / RP29 FI) (2007–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha XJR1300 / Racer (RP19 / RP29 FI) (2007–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-xjr1300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-xjr1300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-xjr1300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-fjr1300ae",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "FJR1300AE / ES (RP28 6-Speed)",
      "model_ko": "FJR1300AE / AS (6단 최종형)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2016–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RP28",
        "B95",
        "1MC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 FJR1300",
        "에프제이알 1300",
        "FJR1300AE 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha FJR1300ES",
        "FJR1300AE Ultimate Edition",
        "RP28 FJR1300"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1298,
      "power_hp": 146.2,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 138,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Yamaha Drive Shaft Gear Oil / SAE 80W-90 GL-5 (200 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT14B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 292,
        "fuel_tank_l": 25,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) FJR1300AE / ES (RP28 6-Speed) (2016–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha FJR1300AE / ES (RP28 6-Speed) (2016–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-fjr1300ae/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-fjr1300ae/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-fjr1300ae.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-midnight-star-1300",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Midnight Star 1300 / V-Star 1300 (XVS1300A)",
      "model_ko": "미드나잇 스타 1300 / 스트라이커 (XVS1300)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2007–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VP26",
        "VP36",
        "3D8",
        "1GP"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "미드나잇스타 1300",
        "야마하 브이스타 1300",
        "야마하 스트라이커 XVS1300CU"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha V-Star 1300 Tourer",
        "Stryker XVS1300CU VP26 VP36"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1304,
      "power_hp": 72.4,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16M/C 67H",
        "rear_size": "170/70B16M/C 75H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR7A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 303,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Midnight Star 1300 / V-Star 1300 (XVS1300A) (2007–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Midnight Star 1300 / V-Star 1300 (XVS1300A) (2007–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-midnight-star-1300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-midnight-star-1300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-midnight-star-1300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-mt-01-1670",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "MT-01 (RP12 / RP18 1670cc V-Twin)",
      "model_ko": "MT-01 (고동감 1670cc 원조 토크스포츠)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2005–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RP12",
        "RP18",
        "5YU"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 MT-01",
        "엠티01 1700",
        "코도 MT01"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha MT-01 Kodo 1670",
        "RP12 RP18 5YU"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1670,
      "power_hp": 90,
      "power_rpm": 4750,
      "torque_nm": 150.3,
      "torque_rpm": 3750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 / 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT14B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 265,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) MT-01 (RP12 / RP18 1670cc V-Twin) (2005–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha MT-01 (RP12 / RP18 1670cc V-Twin) (2005–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-mt-01-1670/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-mt-01-1670/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-mt-01-1670.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-vmax-1700",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "VMAX 1700 (RP22 V4 Muscle)",
      "model_ko": "VMAX 1700 (200마력 V4 드래그 머슬)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2009–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RP22",
        "2S3"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 브이맥스 1700",
        "야마하 VMAX 1700",
        "괴물 크루저 브이맥스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha VMAX 1700 VMX17",
        "RP22 2S3 VMAX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1679,
      "power_hp": 200,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 166.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 4.5,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (200 ml shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R18M/C (59V)",
        "rear_size": "200/50R18M/C (76V)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 310,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 10.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) VMAX 1700 (RP22 V4 Muscle) (2009–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha VMAX 1700 (RP22 V4 Muscle) (2009–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-vmax-1700/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-vmax-1700/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-vmax-1700.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "yamaha-raider-xv1900cu",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Yamaha",
      "brand_ko": "야마하",
      "model": "Raider XV1900CU (VP27 Air-Cooled Pushrod)",
      "model_ko": "레이더 1900 (XV1900CU 커스텀 초퍼)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2008–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VP27",
        "VP23",
        "5C7"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "야마하 레이더 1900",
        "스타 레이더 S",
        "로드라이너 XV1900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Yamaha Star Raider S XV1900CU",
        "Roadliner Stratoliner XV1900 VP23 VP27"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1854,
      "power_hp": 99,
      "power_rpm": 4250,
      "torque_nm": 167,
      "torque_rpm": 2500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG or higher",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.9,
        "overhaul_l": 5.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "5GH-13440-80 / HF204 (or HF145)",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 43
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-21M/C 62H",
        "rear_size": "210/40R18M/C 73H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT14B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 331,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 16000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 26000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "야마하(Yamaha) Raider XV1900CU (VP27 Air-Cooled Pushrod) (2008–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Yamaha Raider XV1900CU (VP27 Air-Cooled Pushrod) (2008–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/yamaha-raider-xv1900cu/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/yamaha-raider-xv1900cu/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/yamaha-raider-xv1900cu.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 125",
      "model_ko": "닌자 125",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BX125A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "유럽형 닌자125",
        "BX125A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Ninja 125",
        "BX125A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.7,
      "torque_rpm": 7700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 M/C 52S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 148,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja 125 (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 125 (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z125-liquid",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z125 (BX125B Euro)",
      "model_ko": "Z125 (수랭 17인치)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BX125B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "유럽형 수랭 Z125",
        "BX125B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z125 Euro",
        "BX125B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.7,
      "torque_rpm": 7700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 M/C 52S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 146,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z125 (BX125B Euro) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z125 (BX125B Euro) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z125-liquid/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z125-liquid/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z125-liquid.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z125-pro",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z125 Pro",
      "model_ko": "Z125 프로",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BR125H",
        "BR125J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "Z125PRO",
        "가와사키 미니모토",
        "BR125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z125 Pro",
        "BR125H",
        "BR125J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 9.5,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 9.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-12 49J",
        "rear_size": "120/70-12 51L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ4V / YTX4L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 3.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 102,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z125 Pro (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z125 Pro (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z125-pro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z125-pro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z125-pro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-w175",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "W175",
      "model_ko": "W175",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BJ175A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 W175 SE",
        "BJ175A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki W175",
        "W175 SE",
        "W175 Cafe",
        "BJ175A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 177,
      "power_hp": 13,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 13.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "Oil Strainer Screen (Internal)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-17 M/C 46P",
        "rear_size": "100/90-17 M/C 55P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 126,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) W175 (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki W175 (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-w175/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-w175/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-w175.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-klx230",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "KLX230 / KLX230S (LX230)",
      "model_ko": "KLX230 / S (LX230)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LX230A",
        "LX230G",
        "LX230P"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "KLX 230",
        "케이엘엑스 230",
        "가와사키 KLX230",
        "KLX230S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki LX230A",
        "KLX 230 S ABS",
        "KLX230 Dual-Sport"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 233,
      "power_hp": 19,
      "power_rpm": 7600,
      "torque_nm": 19.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 (하절기 임도 고부하)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.75-21 45P (80/100-21)",
        "rear_size": "4.10-18 59P (100/100-18)",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ7S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah Lightweight AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 885,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 KLX230 / KLX230S (LX230) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki KLX230 / KLX230S (LX230) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-klx230/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-klx230/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-klx230.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-klx230sm",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "KLX230SM",
      "model_ko": "KLX230SM",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LX230E",
        "LX230P"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "KLX230 모타드",
        "가와사키 슈퍼모타드 230",
        "LX230E"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki KLX230SM",
        "LX230E",
        "KLX230 Supermoto"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 233,
      "power_hp": 19,
      "power_rpm": 7600,
      "torque_nm": 19.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 M/C 54P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-17 M/C 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 136,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) KLX230SM (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki KLX230SM (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-klx230sm/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-klx230sm/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-klx230sm.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-meguro-s1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Meguro S1",
      "model_ko": "메구로 S1",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BJ230B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 메구로 S1",
        "BJ230B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Meguro S1",
        "BJ230B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 233,
      "power_hp": 17.5,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 18.6,
      "torque_rpm": 5800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-18 M/C 51S",
        "rear_size": "110/90-17 M/C 60S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 143,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 36
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Meguro S1 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Meguro S1 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-meguro-s1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-meguro-s1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-meguro-s1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-w230",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "W230",
      "model_ko": "W230",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BJ230A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 W230",
        "에스트렐라 후속",
        "BJ230A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki W230",
        "BJ230A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 233,
      "power_hp": 17.5,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 18.6,
      "torque_rpm": 5800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-18 M/C 51S",
        "rear_size": "110/90-17 M/C 60S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 745,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 143,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 36
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) W230 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki W230 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-w230/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-w230/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-w230.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zzr250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZZR250 (EX250H)",
      "model_ko": "ZZR250 (EX250H)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "1990–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX250H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "지알250",
        "EX250H"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZZR250",
        "EX250H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 248,
      "power_hp": 35,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.9,
        "overhaul_l": 2.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 52S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZZR250 (EX250H) (1990–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZZR250 (EX250H) (1990–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zzr250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zzr250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zzr250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-250tr",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "250TR (BJ250F)",
      "model_ko": "250TR (BJ250F)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2002–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BJ250F",
        "BJ250K"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 250TR",
        "BJ250F",
        "빈티지 트래커"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki 250TR",
        "BJ250F",
        "BJ250K"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 19,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 19,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.7,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-19 M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "110/90-18 M/C 61P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) 250TR (BJ250F) (2002–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki 250TR (BJ250F) (2002–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-250tr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-250tr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-250tr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-balius-ii-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Balius-II (ZR250B)",
      "model_ko": "발리우스 2 (ZR250B)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "1997–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR250A",
        "ZR250B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "발리우스250",
        "ZR250A",
        "ZR250B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Balius-II",
        "ZR250A",
        "ZR250B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 14000,
      "torque_nm": 20.6,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 745,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 159,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Balius-II (ZR250B) (1997–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Balius-II (ZR250B) (1997–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-balius-ii-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-balius-ii-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-balius-ii-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-d-tracker-x-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "D-Tracker X 250",
      "model_ko": "D-트래커 X 250",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2008–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LX250V"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "디트래커250",
        "KLX250SF",
        "LX250V"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki D-Tracker X",
        "KLX250SF",
        "LX250V"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 24,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 21,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 M/C 54P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 138,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) D-Tracker X 250 (2008–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki D-Tracker X 250 (2008–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-d-tracker-x-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-d-tracker-x-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-d-tracker-x-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-estrella-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Estrella 250 (BJ250)",
      "model_ko": "에스트렐라 250",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1992–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BJ250A",
        "BJ250J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 에스트렐라",
        "BJ250A",
        "BJ250J"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Estrella 250",
        "BJ250A",
        "BJ250J"
      ],
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      "power_hp": 20,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 20,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
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        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-18 M/C 51P",
        "rear_size": "110/90-17 M/C 60P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
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        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Estrella 250 (BJ250) (1992–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Estrella 250 (BJ250) (1992–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-estrella-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-estrella-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-estrella-250.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-klx250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "KLX250 (KLX250S)",
      "model_ko": "KLX250 (KLX250S)",
      "category": "offroad",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "LX250S",
        "LX250T"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "수랭 KLX250",
        "LX250S"
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        "KLX250S",
        "LX250S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 22,
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      "torque_nm": 20.5,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
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        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.00-21 51P",
        "rear_size": "4.60-18 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
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        "fuel_tank_l": 7.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
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        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) KLX250 (KLX250S) (2008–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki KLX250 (KLX250S) (2008–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-klx250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-klx250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-klx250.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
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      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 250 (EX250P)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX250P",
        "EX250Y"
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        "신형 닌자250",
        "EX250P"
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        "EX250P"
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      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 37,
      "power_rpm": 12500,
      "torque_nm": 23,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
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        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 166,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.5
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja 250 (EX250P) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 250 (EX250P) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-250-ex250l",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 250 (EX250L)",
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        "EX250L",
        "EX250M"
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        "닌자250 중기형",
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      "aliases_en": [
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        "EX250M"
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      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 32,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 21,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 172,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.5
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja 250 (EX250L) (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 250 (EX250L) (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250-ex250l/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250-ex250l/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250-ex250l.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-250r-ex250j",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 250R (EX250J)",
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      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2008–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX250J",
        "EX250K"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 닌자250R",
        "EX250J",
        "EX250K"
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        "Kawasaki Ninja 250R",
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        "EX250K"
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      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 32,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 8200,
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
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        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 169,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26
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        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja 250R (EX250J) (2008–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 250R (EX250J) (2008–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250r-ex250j/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250r-ex250j/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250r-ex250j.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-250sl",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 250SL",
      "model_ko": "닌자 250SL",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2014–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BX250A"
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      "aliases_ko": [
        "닌자250 단기통",
        "BX250A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Ninja 250SL",
        "Ninja RR Mono",
        "BX250A"
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      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 28,
      "power_rpm": 9700,
      "torque_nm": 22.6,
      "torque_rpm": 8200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 M/C 52S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 151,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja 250SL (2014–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 250SL (2014–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250sl/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250sl/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-250sl.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-versys-x-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Versys-X 250 Tourer",
      "model_ko": "버시스-X 250 투어러",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2017–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KLE250D"
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      "aliases_ko": [
        "버시스250",
        "KLE250D"
      ],
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        "Kawasaki Versys-X 250",
        "KLE250D"
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      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 34,
      "power_rpm": 11500,
      "torque_nm": 21.7,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.2,
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        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57S",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17 M/C 65S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
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      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 175,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.5
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      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Versys-X 250 Tourer (2017–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Versys-X 250 Tourer (2017–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-versys-x-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-versys-x-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-versys-x-250.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z250",
      "model_ko": "Z250",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2013–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ER250C",
        "ER250E"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트250",
        "ER250C",
        "ER250E"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z250",
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        "ER250E"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 37,
      "power_rpm": 12500,
      "torque_nm": 23,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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      "tires": {
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z250 (2013–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z250 (2013–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z250sl",
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        "BR250E"
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      },
      "tires": {
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "Kawasaki Z250SL (2014–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-25r",
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      "brand": "Kawasaki",
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      "model": "Ninja ZX-25R",
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        "ZX250E",
        "ZX250G",
        "ZX250H"
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        "ZX25R",
        "닌자25R",
        "250 4기통 닌자"
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        "Ninja ZX-25RR",
        "ZX250E"
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      "displacement_cc": 250,
      "power_hp": 51,
      "power_rpm": 15500,
      "torque_nm": 22.9,
      "torque_rpm": 14500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
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        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17 M/C 66H",
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja ZX-25R (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-25R (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-klx300",
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      "model": "KLX300",
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      "category": "offroad",
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        "LX300A"
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        "가와사키 KLX300",
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      "displacement_cc": 292,
      "power_hp": 26.5,
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      "torque_nm": 24.6,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
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      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.00-21 51P",
        "rear_size": "4.60-18 63P",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "fuel_tank_l": 7.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
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        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) KLX300 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki KLX300 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-klx300/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-klx300sm",
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      "model": "KLX300SM",
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      "category": "offroad",
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        "KLX300 슈퍼모타드",
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      "displacement_cc": 292,
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      "torque_nm": 24.6,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF112",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
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      },
      "tires": {
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 138,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.5
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        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) KLX300SM (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki KLX300SM (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-300",
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      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 300",
      "model_ko": "닌자 300",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX300A",
        "EX300B"
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        "EX300",
        "구형 닌자300",
        "닌자300 ABS"
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        "Kawasaki Ninja 300",
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        "EX300B"
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      "displacement_cc": 296,
      "power_hp": 39,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
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        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.2,
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        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
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        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 174,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25
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        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja 300 (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 300 (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-300/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-versys-x-300",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Versys-X 300",
      "model_ko": "버시스-X 300",
      "category": "adventure",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "KLE300B",
        "KLE300C"
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        "버시스300",
        "버시스 엑스 300",
        "KLE300"
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        "Kawasaki Versys-X 300",
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        "KLE300C"
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      "displacement_cc": 296,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 11500,
      "torque_nm": 25.7,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "with_filter_l": 2.2,
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        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
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      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57S",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17 M/C 65S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
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        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
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        "seat_height_mm": 815,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 175,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
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        "oil_change_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Versys-X 300 (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Versys-X 300 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z300",
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      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z300",
      "model_ko": "Z300",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2015–2018",
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        "ER300A",
        "ER300B"
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        "제트300",
        "ER300A"
      ],
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        "Kawasaki Z300",
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        "ER300B"
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      "displacement_cc": 296,
      "power_hp": 39,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "drain_only_l": 2,
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        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
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        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 170,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z300 (2015–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z300 (2015–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-j300",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "J300",
      "model_ko": "J300",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
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        "SC300A",
        "WS60"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 스쿠터 J300",
        "SC300A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki J300",
        "SC300A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 299,
      "power_hp": 28,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 28.7,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-S005 / HF566",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Gear Oil (210 ml rear reduction gear)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14 M/C 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 191,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) J300 (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki J300 (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-j300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-j300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-j300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-eliminator-400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Eliminator 400",
      "model_ko": "엘리미네이터 400",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EL400A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엘리미네이터400 SE",
        "EL400A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Eliminator 400",
        "EL400A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 48,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 37,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70-18 M/C 63H",
        "rear_size": "150/80-16 M/C 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 176,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Eliminator 400 (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Eliminator 400 (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-eliminator-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-eliminator-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-eliminator-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zxr400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZXR400",
      "model_ko": "ZXR400",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1989–1999",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX400H",
        "ZX400L"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 400 레플리카",
        "ZX400L"
      ],
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        "Kawasaki ZXR400",
        "ZX400H",
        "ZX400L"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 36.3,
      "torque_rpm": 12000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/60 ZR17 55W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 185,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZXR400 (1989–1999) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZXR400 (1989–1999) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zxr400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zxr400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zxr400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-400",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 400 / Z400 (EX400G)",
      "model_ko": "닌자 400 (EX400G)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2018–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX400G",
        "EX400H",
        "ER400D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "닌자 400",
        "닌사백",
        "가와사키 닌자400",
        "EX400G"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki EX400G",
        "Ninja 400 ABS KRT",
        "Z400 platform"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 38,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 (서킷 고회전 주행 시)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Ninja 400 (EX400G) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 400 (EX400G) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-400.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-w400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "W400 (EJ400A)",
      "model_ko": "W400 (EJ400A)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2006–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EJ400A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 W400",
        "EJ400A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki W400",
        "EJ400A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 29,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 29,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "130/80-18 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) W400 (EJ400A) (2006–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki W400 (EJ400A) (2006–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-w400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-w400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-w400.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z400",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z400",
      "model_ko": "Z400",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ER400D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트400",
        "가와사키 Z400",
        "ER400D"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z400",
        "ER400D"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 38,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 167,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z400 (2019–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z400 (2019–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zephyr-400x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Zephyr X (Zephyr 400 Kai)",
      "model_ko": "제퍼 카이 (제퍼 400X)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1996–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR400C",
        "ZR400G"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제퍼400 카이",
        "제퍼카이",
        "ZR400G"
      ],
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        "Kawasaki Zephyr 400 Kai",
        "Zephyr X",
        "ZR400C",
        "ZR400G"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 35,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 58W",
        "rear_size": "150/70 ZR17 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 203,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Zephyr X (Zephyr 400 Kai) (1996–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Zephyr X (Zephyr 400 Kai) (1996–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zephyr-400x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zephyr-400x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zephyr-400x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-4rr",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja ZX-4RR / ZX-4R (ZX400P)",
      "model_ko": "닌자 ZX-4RR (ZX400P)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX400P",
        "ZX400S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "ZX4RR",
        "사기통 400",
        "닌자 ZX-4RR",
        "가와사키 ZX-4RR"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZX400P",
        "Ninja ZX-4RR KRT",
        "ZX-4R SE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 77,
      "power_rpm": 14500,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 13000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Ninja ZX-4RR / ZX-4R (ZX400P) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-4RR / ZX-4R (ZX400P) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zx-4rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zx-4rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zx-4rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zzr400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZZR400",
      "model_ko": "ZZR400",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "1990–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX400K",
        "ZX400N"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "지알400",
        "ZX400N"
      ],
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        "Kawasaki ZZR400",
        "ZX400K",
        "ZX400N"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 37,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
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        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/60 ZR17 55W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZZR400 (1990–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZZR400 (1990–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zzr400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zzr400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zzr400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-eliminator-500",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Eliminator / Eliminator 500 SE (EL450A)",
      "model_ko": "엘리미네이터 500 (EL450A)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EL450A",
        "EL450B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엘리미네이터",
        "엘리미네이터 500",
        "가와사키 엘리미네이터",
        "EL450A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Eliminator 450",
        "Eliminator 500 SE",
        "EL450A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 451,
      "power_hp": 45.4,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 42.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70-18 M/C 63H",
        "rear_size": "150/80-16 M/C 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 176,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Eliminator / Eliminator 500 (EL450A) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Eliminator / Eliminator 500 (EL450A) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-eliminator-500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-eliminator-500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-eliminator-500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-500",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 500 / Z500 (EX500G)",
      "model_ko": "닌자 500 (EX500G)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX500G",
        "EX500H",
        "ER500E"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 닌자500",
        "닌자 400 후속",
        "Z500 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki EX500G",
        "Ninja 500 SE",
        "Z500"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 451,
      "power_hp": 45.4,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 42.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 171,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Ninja 500 (EX500G / #99805-0621) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 500 (EX500G, Manual #99805-0621) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z500",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z500",
      "model_ko": "Z500",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ER500G",
        "ER500H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트500",
        "Z500 SE",
        "ER500G"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z500",
        "Z500 SE",
        "ER500G"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 451,
      "power_hp": 45.4,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 42.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9G",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z500 (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z500 (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-en500-vulcan-500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Vulcan 500 LTD (EN500C)",
      "model_ko": "발칸 500 LTD (EN500C)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1996–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EN500A",
        "EN500C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "발칸500",
        "EN500"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Vulcan 500 LTD",
        "EN500C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 498,
      "power_hp": 46,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 45,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/90-15 70H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Vulcan 500 LTD (EN500C) (1996–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Vulcan 500 LTD (EN500C) (1996–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-en500-vulcan-500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-en500-vulcan-500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-en500-vulcan-500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-er-5",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ER-5 Twister",
      "model_ko": "ER-5 트위스터",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "1997–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ER500A",
        "ER500C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 ER-5",
        "ER500A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ER-5",
        "ER500A",
        "ER500C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 498,
      "power_hp": 50,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 45,
      "torque_rpm": 7200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 54H",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 62H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ER-5 Twister (1997–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ER-5 Twister (1997–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-er-5/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-er-5/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-er-5.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-gpz500s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "GPZ500S (Ninja 500R)",
      "model_ko": "GPZ500S (닌자 500R)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1994–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX500A",
        "EX500D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 닌자500R",
        "EX500D"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki GPZ500S",
        "Ninja 500R",
        "EX500D"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 498,
      "power_hp": 60,
      "power_rpm": 9800,
      "torque_nm": 46,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 54H",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 62H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) GPZ500S (Ninja 500R) (1994–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki GPZ500S (Ninja 500R) (1994–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-gpz500s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-gpz500s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-gpz500s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-kle500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "KLE500",
      "model_ko": "KLE500",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "1991–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LE500A",
        "LE500B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 KLE500",
        "LE500A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki KLE500",
        "LE500A",
        "LE500B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 498,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 8300,
      "torque_nm": 41,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 54S",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17 65S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8G / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 203,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) KLE500 (1991–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki KLE500 (1991–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-kle500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-kle500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-kle500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-6rr-600",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja ZX-6R 599 / ZX-6RR",
      "model_ko": "닌자 ZX-6R 599 / ZX-6RR",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2007–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX600N",
        "ZX600P",
        "ZX600R"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "600cc ZX6R",
        "ZX600P",
        "ZX600R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZX-6RR",
        "Ninja ZX-6R 600",
        "ZX600N",
        "ZX600P",
        "ZX600R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 128,
      "power_rpm": 14000,
      "torque_nm": 66.7,
      "torque_rpm": 11800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 191,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja ZX-6R 599 / ZX-6RR (2007–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R 599 / ZX-6RR (2007–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zx-6rr-600/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zx-6rr-600/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zx-6rr-600.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zzr600",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZZR600 (ZX600E)",
      "model_ko": "ZZR600 (ZX600E)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "1993–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX600D",
        "ZX600E"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "지알600",
        "구형 ZX-6E"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZZR600",
        "Ninja ZX-6E",
        "ZX600E"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 11500,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/60 ZR17 55W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 217,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZZR600 (ZX600E) (1993–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZZR600 (ZX600E) (1993–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zzr600/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zzr600/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zzr600.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-6r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja ZX-6R 636 (ZX636J)",
      "model_ko": "닌자 ZX-6R 636 (ZX636J)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX636G",
        "ZX636J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "육알",
        "닌자 636",
        "ZX6R",
        "가와사키 ZX-6R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZX-6R 636",
        "ZX636G ZX636J",
        "Ninja 636 KRT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 636,
      "power_hp": 124,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 10800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm (Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Ninja ZX-6R 636 (ZX636G / ZX636J) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R 636 (ZX636G / ZX636J) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zx-6r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zx-6r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zx-6r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-er-6f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ER-6f (Ninja 650R)",
      "model_ko": "ER-6f (닌자 650R)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2006–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX650A",
        "EX650C",
        "EX650E"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "이알식스에프",
        "구형 닌자650R",
        "EX650E"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ER-6f",
        "Ninja 650R",
        "EX650C",
        "EX650E"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 72,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 211,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ER-6f (Ninja 650R) (2006–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ER-6f (Ninja 650R) (2006–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-er-6f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-er-6f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-er-6f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-er-6n",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ER-6n",
      "model_ko": "ER-6n",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2006–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ER650A",
        "ER650C",
        "ER650E"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "이알식스엔",
        "구형 Z650 전신",
        "ER650E"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ER-6n",
        "ER650A",
        "ER650C",
        "ER650E"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 72,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ER-6n (2006–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ER-6n (2006–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-er-6n/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-er-6n/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-er-6n.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 650",
      "model_ko": "닌자 650",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EX650K",
        "EX650M",
        "EX650S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "EX650",
        "신형 닌자650",
        "닌자 650 KRT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Ninja 650",
        "EX650K",
        "EX650M",
        "EX650S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 68,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 6700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja 650 (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 650 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-versys-650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Versys 650",
      "model_ko": "버시스 650",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KLE650E",
        "KLE650F",
        "KLE650H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "버시스650 LT",
        "가와사키 미들 투어러",
        "KLE650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Versys 650",
        "Versys 650 LT",
        "KLE650F",
        "KLE650H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 67,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 61,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 219,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Versys 650 (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Versys 650 (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-versys-650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-versys-650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-versys-650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-versys-650-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Versys 650 (2007–2014)",
      "model_ko": "버시스 650 (1–2세대)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2007–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KLE650A",
        "KLE650C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 버시스650",
        "세로눈 버시스",
        "KLE650A",
        "KLE650C"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Versys 650 Gen 1",
        "KLE650A",
        "KLE650C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 64,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 61,
      "torque_rpm": 6800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Versys 650 (2007–2014) (2007–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Versys 650 (2007–2014) (2007–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-versys-650-gen1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-versys-650-gen1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-versys-650-gen1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-vulcan-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Vulcan S 650 (EN650)",
      "model_ko": "발칸 S 650 (EN650)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EN650B",
        "EN650D",
        "EN650G"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "발칸 S",
        "벌칸S 650",
        "가와사키 발칸S",
        "EN650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Vulcan S ABS",
        "EN650D EN650G",
        "Vulcan 650 S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 61,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 62.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R18 M/C 59H",
        "rear_size": "160/60R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah–10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 705,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Vulcan S 650 (EN650) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Vulcan S 650 (EN650) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z650",
      "model_ko": "Z650",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ER650H",
        "ER650K",
        "ER650P"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트650",
        "가와사키 Z650",
        "ER650H"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z650",
        "ER650H",
        "ER650K",
        "ER650P"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 68,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 6700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z650 (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z650 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z650rs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z650RS",
      "model_ko": "Z650RS",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ER650M",
        "ER650R"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트650RS",
        "가와사키 레트로 미들",
        "ER650M"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z650RS",
        "ER650M",
        "Z650 Retro Sport"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 649,
      "power_hp": 68,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 6700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 187,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z650RS (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z650RS (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z650rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z650rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z650rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-klr650",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "KLR650",
      "model_ko": "KLR650",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KL650A",
        "KL650E",
        "KL650H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "KLR650 어드벤처",
        "대륙횡단 빅싱글",
        "KL650H"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki KLR650",
        "KLR650 Adventure",
        "KL650E",
        "KL650H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 652,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 53,
      "torque_rpm": 4500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.9,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "52010-1053 / HF123",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17 M/C 65S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E / DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) KLR650 (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki KLR650 (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-klr650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-klr650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-klr650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-w650",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "W650 (EJ650A)",
      "model_ko": "W650 (EJ650A)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1999–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EJ650A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 W650",
        "킥스타터 W650",
        "EJ650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki W650",
        "EJ650A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 675,
      "power_hp": 50,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 56,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 57H",
        "rear_size": "130/80-18 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 212,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) W650 (EJ650A) (1999–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki W650 (EJ650A) (1999–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-w650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-w650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-w650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zephyr-750",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Zephyr 750",
      "model_ko": "제퍼 750",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1991–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR750C",
        "ZR750D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 제퍼750",
        "제퍼750 RS",
        "ZR750C"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Zephyr 750",
        "Zephyr 750 RS",
        "ZR750C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 738,
      "power_hp": 72,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 59,
      "torque_rpm": 7300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-17 58H",
        "rear_size": "150/70-17 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR9EA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Zephyr 750 (1991–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Zephyr 750 (1991–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zephyr-750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zephyr-750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zephyr-750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zr-7s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZR-7S (ZR750)",
      "model_ko": "ZR-7S (ZR750)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "1999–2005",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR750F",
        "ZR750H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 ZR-7",
        "ZR750F",
        "ZR750H"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZR-7S",
        "ZR-7",
        "ZR750F",
        "ZR750H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 738,
      "power_hp": 76,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 63,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR9EA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZR-7S (ZR750) (1999–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZR-7S (ZR750) (1999–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zr-7s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zr-7s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zr-7s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z750",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z750",
      "model_ko": "Z750",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2004–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR750J",
        "ZR750L",
        "ZR750N"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트750",
        "Z750R",
        "ZR750L"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z750",
        "Z750R",
        "ZR750J",
        "ZR750L"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 748,
      "power_hp": 106,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 8300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 226,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z750 (2004–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z750 (2004–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-7r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja ZX-7R",
      "model_ko": "닌자 ZX-7R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1996–2003",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX750P"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트엑스7R",
        "ZX750P",
        "WSBK 레전드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-7R",
        "ZX750P"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 748,
      "power_hp": 122,
      "power_rpm": 11800,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 232,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja ZX-7R (1996–2003) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-7R (1996–2003) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zx-7r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zx-7r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zx-7r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-meguro-k3",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Meguro K3",
      "model_ko": "메구로 K3",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EJ800E",
        "EJ800M"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 메구로",
        "메구로 K3 800",
        "EJ800M"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Meguro K3",
        "EJ800M",
        "W800 Meguro"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 773,
      "power_hp": 52,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 62,
      "torque_rpm": 4800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "130/80-18 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 227,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Meguro K3 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Meguro K3 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-meguro-k3/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-meguro-k3/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-meguro-k3.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-w800",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "W800 / Street / Cafe (EJ800)",
      "model_ko": "W800 (EJ800 베벨기어)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EJ800B",
        "EJ800D",
        "EJ800E"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 W800",
        "더블유800",
        "W800 스트리트",
        "W800 카페"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki EJ800",
        "W800 Street Cafe",
        "Bevel-Drive W800"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 773,
      "power_hp": 48,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 62.9,
      "torque_rpm": 4800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 / SAE 15W-50 (혹서기 공랭 열관리)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "130/80-18 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 226,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
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        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 W800 / Street / Cafe (EJ800) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki W800 / Street / Cafe (EJ800) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-w800/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-w800/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-w800.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z800",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z800",
      "model_ko": "Z800",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2013–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR800A",
        "ZR800B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트800",
        "ZR800A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z800",
        "ZR800A",
        "ZR800B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 806,
      "power_hp": 113,
      "power_rpm": 10200,
      "torque_nm": 83,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 834,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 231,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z800 (2013–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z800 (2013–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z800/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z800/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z800.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-9r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja ZX-9R",
      "model_ko": "닌자 ZX-9R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1998–2003",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX900C",
        "ZX900E",
        "ZX900F"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "나인알",
        "제트엑스9R",
        "ZX900E",
        "ZX900F"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-9R",
        "ZX900C",
        "ZX900E",
        "ZX900F"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 899,
      "power_hp": 144,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 101,
      "torque_rpm": 9200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja ZX-9R (1998–2003) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-9R (1998–2003) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zx-9r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zx-9r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zx-9r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-vulcan-900-classic",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Vulcan 900 Classic",
      "model_ko": "발칸 900 클래식",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2006–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VN900B",
        "VN900D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "발칸900",
        "VN900 클래식",
        "가와사키 발칸 900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Vulcan 900 Classic",
        "VN900B",
        "Vulcan 900 LT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 903,
      "power_hp": 50,
      "power_rpm": 5700,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 3700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16 M/C 67H",
        "rear_size": "180/70-15 M/C 76H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 281,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Vulcan 900 Classic (2006–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Vulcan 900 Classic (2006–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-900-classic/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-900-classic/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-900-classic.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-vulcan-900-custom",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Vulcan 900 Custom",
      "model_ko": "발칸 900 커스텀",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2007–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VN900C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "발칸900 커스텀",
        "VN900C"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Vulcan 900 Custom",
        "VN900C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 903,
      "power_hp": 50,
      "power_rpm": 5700,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 3700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-21 M/C 48H",
        "rear_size": "180/70-15 M/C 76H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 685,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 277,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Vulcan 900 Custom (2007–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Vulcan 900 Custom (2007–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-900-custom/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-900-custom/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-900-custom.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-gpz900r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "GPZ900R Ninja",
      "model_ko": "GPZ900R 닌자",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1984–2003",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX900A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "탑건 바이크",
        "초대 닌자",
        "ZX900A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki GPZ900R",
        "Original Ninja 900",
        "ZX900A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 908,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 85,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 VR17",
        "rear_size": "150/70 VR18",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 252,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) GPZ900R Ninja (1984–2003) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki GPZ900R Ninja (1984–2003) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-gpz900r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-gpz900r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-gpz900r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z900",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z900 / Z900 SE (ZR900F)",
      "model_ko": "Z900 / SE (ZR900F)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR900B",
        "ZR900F",
        "ZR900P"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트구백",
        "가와사키 Z900",
        "Z900 SE",
        "ZR900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z900 ABS",
        "ZR900B ZR900F",
        "Z900 SE Brembo"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 948,
      "power_hp": 125,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 98.6,
      "torque_rpm": 7700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 212,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 600,
        "valve_check_km": 42000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Z900 / Z900 SE (ZR900F) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z900 / Z900 SE (ZR900F) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z900-se",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z900 SE",
      "model_ko": "Z900 SE",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR900M",
        "ZR900S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트900 SE",
        "Z900 올린즈 브렘보",
        "ZR900M"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z900 SE",
        "ZR900M",
        "Z900 Brembo Ohlins"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 948,
      "power_hp": 125,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 98.6,
      "torque_rpm": 7700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
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      },
      "tires": {
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        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z900 SE (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z900 SE (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z900-se/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z900-se/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z900-se.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z900rs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z900RS / Z900RS SE (ZR900)",
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        "ZR900C",
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        "가와사키 Z900RS",
        "제트구백알에스",
        "모던 클래식 4기통",
        "Z1 오마주"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZR900C ZR900K",
        "Z900RS Cafe SE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 948,
      "power_hp": 111,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 98.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
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      "oil": {
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        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
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      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Iridium)",
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      },
      "ergonomics": {
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Z900RS / SE (ZR900) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z900RS / SE (ZR900) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z900rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z900rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z900rs-cafe",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z900RS Cafe",
      "model_ko": "Z900RS 카페",
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        "ZR900E"
      ],
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        "Z900RS 카페레이서",
        "ZR900E"
      ],
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        "Kawasaki Z900RS Cafe",
        "ZR900E"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 948,
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      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
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      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
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        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
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        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
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        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z900RS Cafe (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z900RS Cafe (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z900rs-cafe/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z900rs-cafe.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z900rs-se",
      "tier": "tier1",
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      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z900RS SE",
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      "category": "classic",
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        "ZR900K",
        "ZR900N"
      ],
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        "Z900RS 옐로우볼",
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        "ZR900K SE"
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      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z900RS SE",
        "Z900RS Yellow Ball",
        "ZR900K SE"
      ],
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      "torque_rpm": 6500,
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
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        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
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        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
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        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z900RS SE (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z900RS SE (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z900rs-se.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-h2",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja H2",
      "model_ko": "닌자 H2",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1000N",
        "ZX1000X",
        "ZX1002J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "H2 카본",
        "가와사키 H2",
        "슈퍼차저 H2",
        "ZX1002J"
      ],
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        "Ninja H2 Carbon",
        "ZX1000N",
        "ZX1002J"
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      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 231,
      "power_rpm": 11500,
      "torque_nm": 141.7,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4.4,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 M/C (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR9E9 / R0451B-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 238,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.5
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja H2 (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja H2 (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-h2/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-h2-sx-se",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja H2 SX SE",
      "model_ko": "닌자 H2 SX SE",
      "category": "touring",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1002B",
        "ZX1002P",
        "ZX1002R"
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      "aliases_ko": [
        "H2 SX SE",
        "슈퍼차저 투어러",
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        "ZX1002B",
        "ZX1002P",
        "H2 SX Radar"
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      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 200,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 137.3,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4.4,
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        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR9E9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 267,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja H2 SX SE (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja H2 SX SE (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-h2-sx-se/",
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-h2-sx-se.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z-h2",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z H2",
      "model_ko": "Z H2",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR1000K",
        "ZR1000L"
      ],
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        "제트 H2",
        "Z H2 SE",
        "슈퍼차저 네이키드",
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      ],
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        "Kawasaki Z H2",
        "Z H2 SE",
        "ZR1000K",
        "ZR1000L"
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      "power_hp": 200,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 137,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4.4,
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        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C 75W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR9E9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 239,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.8
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z H2 (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z H2 (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z-h2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z-h2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z-h2.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-10r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja ZX-10R / ZX-10RR (ZX1002L)",
      "model_ko": "닌자 ZX-10R (ZX1002L)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1002L",
        "ZX1002M",
        "ZX1002N"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "텐알",
        "닌자 ZX10R",
        "가와사키 ZX-10R",
        "ZX1002L"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZX-10R KRT",
        "ZX1002L ZX1002N",
        "Ninja ZX-10RR"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 203,
      "power_rpm": 13200,
      "torque_nm": 114.9,
      "torque_rpm": 11400,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.4,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
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        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55ZR17 M/C (75W)",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Laser Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 207,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.6
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Ninja ZX-10R (ZX1002L) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R (ZX1002L) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zx-10r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zx-10r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zx-10r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-1000sx",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 1000SX (ZX1002K)",
      "model_ko": "닌자 1000SX (ZX1002K)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1002K"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "닌자 1000SX",
        "닌천SX",
        "가와사키 닌자1000SX",
        "Z1000SX 후속"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZX1002K",
        "Ninja 1000 SX",
        "Z1000SX successor"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1043,
      "power_hp": 142,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 111,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키 Ninja 1000SX (ZX1002K) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 1000SX (ZX1002K) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-1000sx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-1000sx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-1000sx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-versys-1000-se",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Versys 1000 SE",
      "model_ko": "버시스 1000 SE",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KLZ1000C",
        "KLZ1000D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "버시스1000",
        "가와사키 4기통 어드벤처",
        "KLZ1000"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Versys 1000 SE",
        "Versys 1000 LT SE",
        "KLZ1000D"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1043,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 102,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 257,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
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      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Versys 1000 SE (2019–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Versys 1000 SE (2019–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-versys-1000-se/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-versys-1000-se/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-versys-1000-se.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z1000",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z1000",
      "model_ko": "Z1000",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2014–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZR1000F",
        "ZR1000G",
        "ZR1000H",
        "ZR1000J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트천",
        "Z1000 스고미",
        "Z1000 R 에디션",
        "ZR1000F"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z1000",
        "Z1000 R Edition",
        "ZR1000F",
        "ZR1000H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1043,
      "power_hp": 142,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 111,
      "torque_rpm": 7300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 221,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z1000 (2014–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z1000 (2014–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z1000/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z1000/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z1000.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-z1000sx",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Z1000SX (Ninja 1000)",
      "model_ko": "Z1000SX (닌자 1000)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2011–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1000G",
        "ZX1000M",
        "ZX1000W"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 닌자1000",
        "트윈머플러 Z1000SX",
        "ZX1000W"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Z1000SX",
        "Ninja 1000 ABS",
        "ZX1000G",
        "ZX1000M",
        "ZX1000W"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1043,
      "power_hp": 142,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 111,
      "torque_rpm": 7300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Z1000SX (Ninja 1000) (2011–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Z1000SX (Ninja 1000) (2011–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-z1000sx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-z1000sx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-z1000sx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zrx1100",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZRX1100",
      "model_ko": "ZRX1100",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1997–2000",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZRT10C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로손 레플리카 1100",
        "ZRT10C"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZRX1100",
        "ZRT10C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1052,
      "power_hp": 106,
      "power_rpm": 8700,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17 (72W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 245,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZRX1100 (1997–2000) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZRX1100 (1997–2000) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zrx1100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zrx1100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zrx1100.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zzr1100",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZZR1100 (Ninja ZX-11)",
      "model_ko": "ZZR1100 (닌자 ZX-11)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "1990–2001",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZXT10C",
        "ZXT10D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "지알1100",
        "90년대 최고속 제왕",
        "ZXT10D"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZZR1100",
        "Ninja ZX-11",
        "ZXT10C",
        "ZXT10D"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1052,
      "power_hp": 147,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 110,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 268,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZZR1100 (Ninja ZX-11) (1990–2001) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZZR1100 (Ninja ZX-11) (1990–2001) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zzr1100/",
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zzr1100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-ninja-1100sx",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja 1100SX",
      "model_ko": "닌자 1100SX",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1102A",
        "ZX1102B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "닌자 1100SX SE",
        "ZX1102A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Ninja 1100SX",
        "Ninja 1100SX SE",
        "ZX1102A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1099,
      "power_hp": 136,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 113,
      "torque_rpm": 7600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 234,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja 1100SX (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja 1100SX (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-1100sx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-1100sx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-ninja-1100sx.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-versys-1100",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Versys 1100",
      "model_ko": "버시스 1100",
      "category": "adventure",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "KLZ1100A",
        "KLZ1100B"
      ],
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        "버시스 1100 SE",
        "KLZ1100"
      ],
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        "Kawasaki Versys 1100",
        "Versys 1100 SE",
        "KLZ1100A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1099,
      "power_hp": 135,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 7600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 259,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.9
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Versys 1100 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Versys 1100 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-versys-1100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-versys-1100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-versys-1100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zrx1200-daeg",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZRX1200 DAEG",
      "model_ko": "ZRX1200 다에그",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2009–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZRT20A",
        "ZRT20D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다에그",
        "ZRX1200R 후속",
        "ZRT20D"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki ZRX1200 DAEG",
        "ZRX1200R",
        "ZRT20D"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1164,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 107,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 246,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZRX1200 DAEG (2009–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZRX1200 DAEG (2009–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zrx1200-daeg/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zrx1200-daeg/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zrx1200-daeg.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zzr1200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "ZZR1200",
      "model_ko": "ZZR1200",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2002–2005",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1200C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "지알1200",
        "ZX1200C"
      ],
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        "Kawasaki ZZR1200",
        "ZX1200C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1164,
      "power_hp": 152,
      "power_rpm": 9800,
      "torque_nm": 124,
      "torque_rpm": 8200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16099-003 / HF401",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 271,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) ZZR1200 (2002–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki ZZR1200 (2002–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zzr1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zzr1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zzr1200.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-12r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja ZX-12R",
      "model_ko": "닌자 ZX-12R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2000–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1200A",
        "ZX1200B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "시비알 아닌 트웰브알",
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        "ZX1200B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R",
        "ZX1200A",
        "ZX1200B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1199,
      "power_hp": 178,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 134,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/50 ZR17 (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 247,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja ZX-12R (2000–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R (2000–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zx-12r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-zx-12r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-zx-12r.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-1400gtr-concours-14",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "1400GTR (Concours 14)",
      "model_ko": "1400GTR (콩쿠르 14)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2008–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZG1400A",
        "ZG1400C",
        "ZG1400E"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "가와사키 1400GTR",
        "콩쿠르14",
        "ZG1400"
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      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki 1400GTR",
        "Concours 14",
        "ZG1400A",
        "ZG1400E"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1352,
      "power_hp": 155,
      "power_rpm": 8800,
      "torque_nm": 136,
      "torque_rpm": 6200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.2,
        "overhaul_l": 4.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Gear Oil API GL-5 SAE 80W-90 (160 ml Tetra-Lever shaft)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 305,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) 1400GTR (Concours 14) (2008–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki 1400GTR (Concours 14) (2008–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-1400gtr-concours-14/",
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-1400gtr-concours-14.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-zx-14r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Ninja ZX-14R",
      "model_ko": "닌자 ZX-14R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2012–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZX1400E",
        "ZX1400F",
        "ZX1400H",
        "ZX1400J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "ZZR1400",
        "제트엑스14R",
        "육삼이 라이벌",
        "ZX1400"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14R",
        "ZZR1400",
        "ZX1400E",
        "ZX1400J"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1441,
      "power_hp": 200,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 158.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.2,
        "overhaul_l": 4.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 269,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Ninja ZX-14R (2012–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14R (2012–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-zx-14r/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "kawasaki-vulcan-1700-vaquero",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Kawasaki",
      "brand_ko": "가와사키",
      "model": "Vulcan 1700 Vaquero / Voyager",
      "model_ko": "발칸 1700 바케로 / 보이저",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2009–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VN1700B",
        "VN1700J"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "발칸1700",
        "가와사키 배거",
        "VN1700J",
        "VN1700B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Kawasaki Vulcan 1700 Vaquero",
        "Vulcan 1700 Voyager",
        "VN1700J",
        "VN1700B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1700,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 5000,
      "torque_nm": 136,
      "torque_rpm": 2750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 3.9,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16097-0008 / HF303",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 29
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90 B16 M/C 67H",
        "rear_size": "170/70 B16 M/C 75H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK ILZKR7A",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX16-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 730,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 383,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "가와사키(Kawasaki) Vulcan 1700 Vaquero / Voyager (2009–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Kawasaki Vulcan 1700 Vaquero / Voyager (2009–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-1700-vaquero/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-1700-vaquero/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kawasaki-vulcan-1700-vaquero.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-lets-50",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Let's 50 (CA4AA)",
      "model_ko": "렛츠 50 (CA4AA)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "CA4AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 렛츠50",
        "렛츠 바스켓",
        "CA4AA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Let's 50",
        "Let's Basket",
        "CA4AA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 3.7,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 3.4,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.75,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "16520-32G00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 80,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (80 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-10 35J",
        "rear_size": "80/90-10 35J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 125,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 125,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "Mechanical Drum"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 70,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 66
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Let's 50 (CA4AA) (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Let's 50 (CA4AA) (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-lets-50/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-lets-50/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-lets-50.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-address-110",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Address 110 (UK110)",
      "model_ko": "어드레스 110",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "CE47A",
        "UK110"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "어드레스110 빅휠",
        "CE47A",
        "UK110"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Address 110",
        "UK110",
        "CE47A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 113,
      "power_hp": 8.8,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 8.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "16520-32G00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-14 M/C 40P",
        "rear_size": "90/90-14 M/C 46P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 97,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 51
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Address 110 (UK110) (2015–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Address 110 (UK110) (2015–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-address-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-address-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-address-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-access-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Access 125",
      "model_ko": "액세스 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "UZ125",
        "DP11"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 액세스125",
        "UZ125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Access 125",
        "UZ125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 8.7,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 10,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "16520-32G00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 54J",
        "rear_size": "90/100-10 53J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 773,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 103,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 53
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Access 125 (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Access 125 (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-access-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-access-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-access-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-address-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Address 125",
      "model_ko": "어드레스 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DT11A",
        "DP12H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 어드레스125",
        "어드레스 클래식",
        "DT11A",
        "DP12H"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Address 125",
        "DT11A",
        "DP12H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 8.7,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 10,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "16520-32G00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 44J",
        "rear_size": "90/100-10 53J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 105,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 52
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Address 125 (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Address 125 (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-address-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-address-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-address-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-address-v125s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Address V125S",
      "model_ko": "어드레스 V125S",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2010–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "CF46A",
        "CF4EA",
        "CF4MA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "어드레스 V125G",
        "구형 어드레스",
        "출퇴근 제왕",
        "CF4MA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Address V125S",
        "Address V125G",
        "CF46A",
        "CF4MA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.9,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 10,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.05,
        "overhaul_l": 1.15,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 90,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (90 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-10 50J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 745,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 101,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Address V125S (2010–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Address V125S (2010–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-address-v125s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-address-v125s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-address-v125s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-avenis-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Avenis 125",
      "model_ko": "아베니스 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EA12",
        "UZ125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 아베니스",
        "아베니스125",
        "EA12"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Avenis 125",
        "EA12",
        "UZ125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 8.7,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 10,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "16520-32G00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 54J",
        "rear_size": "90/100-10 53J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 107,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 52.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Avenis 125 (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Avenis 125 (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-avenis-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-avenis-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-avenis-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-burgman-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Burgman Street 125EX (EA23M SEP-alpha)",
      "model_ko": "버그만 스트리트 125EX (EA23M)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EA23M",
        "UB125L"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "버그만 125",
        "버그만 스트리트 125EX",
        "신형 버그만 125",
        "스즈키 버그만125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Burgman Street 125 EX",
        "UB125 EA23M",
        "Burgman 125EX SEP-alpha"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 8.6,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 10,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher Low-Friction Scooter",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "16520-09J00 (Washable Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 50,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MB (~50 ml drain to level check hole)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-12 54J",
        "rear_size": "100/80-12 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR6F / CPR6EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "FTZ6V / YTX5L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0Ah MF AGM (EASS Idle-Stop Rated)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 112,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 52.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 16000,
        "valve_check_km": 8000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 Burgman Street 125EX (EA23M / UB125) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Burgman Street 125EX (EA23M / UB125) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-burgman-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-burgman-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-burgman-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-r125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-R125",
      "model_ko": "GSX-R125",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DL33B",
        "WDL0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알원투파이브",
        "스즈키 125 알차",
        "DL33B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-R125",
        "GSX-R125XA",
        "DL33B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-45H10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/80-17 M/C 46S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-R125 (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-R125 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-s125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-S125",
      "model_ko": "GSX-S125",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DL32B",
        "WDL0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에스원투파이브",
        "스즈키 125 네이키드",
        "DL32B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-S125",
        "GSX-S125XA",
        "DL32B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-45H10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/80-17 M/C 46S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 133,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-S125 (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-S125 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-nex-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Nex 125 (GSR125 NEX)",
      "model_ko": "넥스 125 (GSR125)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2011–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "UT125X",
        "UZ125X"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 넥스125",
        "GSR125 넥스",
        "UT125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Nex 125",
        "GSR125 NEX",
        "UT125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.4,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 10,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 112,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Nex 125 (GSR125 NEX) (2011–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Nex 125 (GSR125 NEX) (2011–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-nex-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-nex-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-nex-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-saluto-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Saluto 125",
      "model_ko": "살루토 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DV12A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 살루토",
        "이탈리안 레트로 스쿠터",
        "DV12A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Saluto 125",
        "DV12A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.4,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 10,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "16520-32G00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 114,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 51.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Saluto 125 (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Saluto 125 (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-saluto-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-saluto-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-saluto-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-swish-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Swish 125",
      "model_ko": "스위시 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DV12B",
        "UG125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스위시125",
        "스즈키 스위시",
        "DV12B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Swish 125",
        "UG125",
        "DV12B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 9.4,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 10,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 0.65,
        "with_filter_l": 0.7,
        "overhaul_l": 0.8,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "16520-32G00 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 18,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 (100 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR6HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / FTZ6V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 114,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 50
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 4000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Swish 125 (2018–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Swish 125 (2018–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-swish-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-swish-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-swish-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-burgman-125-uh125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Burgman 125 (UH125)",
      "model_ko": "버그만 125 (구형 수랭 UH125)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2007–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "UH125",
        "CH41A-125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "수랭 버그만125",
        "UH125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Burgman 125 UH125",
        "UH125A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.2,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 10.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 190,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / Hypoid 80W-90 (190 ml final reduction oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90-13 M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E / MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "FTZ9-BS / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 159,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Burgman 125 (UH125) (2007–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Burgman 125 (UH125) (2007–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-burgman-125-uh125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-burgman-125-uh125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-burgman-125-uh125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-r150",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-R150",
      "model_ko": "GSX-R150",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GSX-R150",
        "DL33-150"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알일오공",
        "스즈키 150 알차"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-R150",
        "GSX-R150X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 147,
      "power_hp": 19.2,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 14,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-45H10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/80-17 M/C 46P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 131,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 39.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-R150 (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-R150 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-s150",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-S150",
      "model_ko": "GSX-S150",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GSX-S150",
        "DL32-150"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에스일오공",
        "스즈키 150 네이키드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-S150"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 147,
      "power_hp": 19.2,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 14,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-45H10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/80-17 M/C 46P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 130,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-S150 (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-S150 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-raider-r150-fi",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Raider R150 Fi (Satria F150)",
      "model_ko": "레이더 R150 Fi (사트리아 F150)",
      "category": "underbone",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FU150",
        "DL12"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 레이더150",
        "사트리아 F150"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Raider R150 Fi",
        "Satria F150",
        "FU150FI"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 147,
      "power_hp": 18.2,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 13.8,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-45H10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/90-17 M/C 38P",
        "rear_size": "80/90-17 M/C 50P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 109,
        "fuel_tank_l": 4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 42
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Raider R150 Fi (Satria F150) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Raider R150 Fi (Satria F150) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-raider-r150-fi/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-raider-r150-fi/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-raider-r150-fi.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gixxer-155",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Gixxer 155 / Gixxer SF 155",
      "model_ko": "직서 155 / SF 155",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NG4BG",
        "ED13N"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "지크서 150",
        "ED13N",
        "NG4BG"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Gixxer 155",
        "Gixxer 150",
        "ED13N"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 13.6,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 13.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-45H10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "140/60 R17 M/C 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 141,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Gixxer 155 / Gixxer SF 155 (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Gixxer 155 / Gixxer SF 155 (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-155/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-155/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-155.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-dr200s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "DR200S (Djebel 200)",
      "model_ko": "DR200S (제벨 200)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "1996–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SH42A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 제벨200",
        "DR200SE",
        "SH42A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki DR200S",
        "DR200SE",
        "Djebel 200",
        "SH42A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 199,
      "power_hp": 20,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 17.7,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "70/100-21 44P",
        "rear_size": "100/90-18 56P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 126,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) DR200S (Djebel 200) (1996–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki DR200S (Djebel 200) (1996–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-dr200s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-dr200s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-dr200s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-vanvan-200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "VanVan 200 (RV200)",
      "model_ko": "반반 200 (RV200)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2002–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NH41A",
        "NH42A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 반반200",
        "광폭타이어 스크램블러",
        "NH41A",
        "NH42A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki VanVan 200",
        "RV200",
        "NH41A",
        "NH42A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 199,
      "power_hp": 16,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 15,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80-18 M/C 66P",
        "rear_size": "180/80-14 M/C 78P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 128,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 36
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) VanVan 200 (RV200) (2002–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki VanVan 200 (RV200) (2002–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-vanvan-200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-vanvan-200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-vanvan-200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-burgman-200",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Burgman 200",
      "model_ko": "버그만 200",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2014–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "CH41A",
        "UH200A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "버그만200",
        "UH200",
        "컴팩트 빅스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Burgman 200",
        "UH200",
        "CH41A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 200,
      "power_hp": 18.4,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 17,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 190,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / Hypoid 80W-90 (190 ml final reduction oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90-13 M/C 56P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E / MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "FTZ9-BS / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 163,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Burgman 200 (2014–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Burgman 200 (2014–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-burgman-200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-burgman-200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-burgman-200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsr250s-f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSR250S / GSR250F",
      "model_ko": "GSR250S / GSR250F",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2014–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GJ55D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "이나즈마 하프카울",
        "GJ55D 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSR250S",
        "GSR250F",
        "GW250F"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 248,
      "power_hp": 24,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.4,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-17 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSR250S / GSR250F (2014–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSR250S / GSR250F (2014–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsr250s-f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsr250s-f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsr250s-f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx250r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX250R",
      "model_ko": "GSX250R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DN11A",
        "WDN0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 250알",
        "엑스알250",
        "DN11A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX250R",
        "DN11A",
        "GSX250RL8"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 248,
      "power_hp": 25,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 23.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.4,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-17 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 181,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX250R (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX250R (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx250r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx250r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx250r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-inazuma-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Inazuma 250 (GW250)",
      "model_ko": "이나즈마 250 (GW250)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2012–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GJ55D",
        "GW250"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 GW250",
        "미니 비킹",
        "GJ55D"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Inazuma 250",
        "GW250",
        "GJ55D"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 248,
      "power_hp": 24.5,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 22,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.4,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-17 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 183,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Inazuma 250 (GW250) (2012–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Inazuma 250 (GW250) (2012–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-inazuma-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-inazuma-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-inazuma-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-250",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 250",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 250",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2017–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DS11A",
        "WDS0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 브이스트롬250",
        "DL250",
        "2기통 브이스트롬"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki V-Strom 250",
        "DL250",
        "DS11A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 248,
      "power_hp": 25,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 23.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.4,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-17 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) V-Strom 250 (2017–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 250 (2017–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gixxer-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Gixxer 250",
      "model_ko": "직서 250",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ED22N",
        "ED22B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "지크서 250 네이키드",
        "ED22N"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Gixxer 250",
        "ED22N"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 26.5,
      "power_rpm": 9300,
      "torque_nm": 22.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-33G10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 156,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Gixxer 250 (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Gixxer 250 (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gixxer-sf-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Gixxer SF 250",
      "model_ko": "직서 SF 250",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ED22B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "지크서 SF 250",
        "유랭 직서250",
        "ED22B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Gixxer SF 250",
        "ED22B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 26.5,
      "power_rpm": 9300,
      "torque_nm": 22.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-33G10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 161,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Gixxer SF 250 (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Gixxer SF 250 (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-sf-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-sf-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gixxer-sf-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-grasstracker-bigboy",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Grasstracker Bigboy 250",
      "model_ko": "그래스트래커 빅보이 250",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2001–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NJ4BA",
        "NJ4DA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "빅보이250",
        "그래스트래커",
        "NJ4BA",
        "NJ4DA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Grasstracker Bigboy",
        "NJ4BA",
        "NJ4DA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 19,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 21,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-38240 / HF136",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57P",
        "rear_size": "130/80-18 M/C 66P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 139,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Grasstracker Bigboy 250 (2001–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Grasstracker Bigboy 250 (2001–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-grasstracker-bigboy/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-grasstracker-bigboy/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-grasstracker-bigboy.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-skywave-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Skywave 250 (Burgman 250)",
      "model_ko": "스카이웨이브 250 (버그만 250)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2006–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "CJ44A",
        "CJ45A",
        "CJ46A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스카이웨이브250 타입S",
        "타입M",
        "CJ46A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Skywave 250",
        "Burgman 250",
        "CJ44A",
        "CJ46A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 26,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 25,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 190,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / Hypoid 80W-90 (190 ml final reduction oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14 M/C 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E / MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "FTZ9-BS / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Skywave 250 (Burgman 250) (2006–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Skywave 250 (Burgman 250) (2006–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-skywave-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-skywave-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-skywave-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-tu250x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "TU250X (ST250 / Volty)",
      "model_ko": "TU250X (ST250 / 볼티)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1995–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NJ47A",
        "NJ4AA",
        "NJ4CA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 볼티250",
        "ST250 E타입",
        "NJ4CA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki TU250X",
        "ST250 E-Type",
        "Volty 250",
        "NJ4CA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 19,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 21,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.4,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-38240 / HF136",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-18 M/C 51S",
        "rear_size": "110/90-18 M/C 61S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 148,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) TU250X (ST250 / Volty) (1995–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki TU250X (ST250 / Volty) (1995–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-tu250x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-tu250x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-tu250x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-250sx",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 250SX",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 250SX",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EL11A",
        "DS250"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브이스트롬250SX",
        "유랭 브이스트롬",
        "EL11A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki V-Strom 250SX",
        "EL11A",
        "DS250"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 26.5,
      "power_rpm": 9300,
      "torque_nm": 22.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-33G10 / HF131",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 167,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 32
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) V-Strom 250SX (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 250SX (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-250sx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-250sx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-250sx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-dr-z400e",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "DR-Z400E",
      "model_ko": "DR-Z400E (엔듀로)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2000–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DK41A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "DRZ400E 엔듀로",
        "FCR39 사양"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki DR-Z400E",
        "DK41A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 48,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 41,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.7,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-29F00 / HF139",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21 51M",
        "rear_size": "110/100-18 64M",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 100,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 100,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 100,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 125
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 945,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 132,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) DR-Z400E (2000–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki DR-Z400E (2000–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400e/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400e/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400e.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-dr-z400s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "DR-Z400S",
      "model_ko": "DR-Z400S",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2000–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SK43A",
        "WVBC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "디알제트400S",
        "오프로드 DRZ",
        "SK43A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki DR-Z400S",
        "SK43A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 39.5,
      "power_rpm": 7600,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 6600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.7,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-29F00 / HF139",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21 M/C 51P",
        "rear_size": "120/90-18 M/C 65P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 935,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 144,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) DR-Z400S (2000–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki DR-Z400S (2000–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-dr-z400sm",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "DR-Z400SM SuperMoto (SK44A)",
      "model_ko": "DR-Z400SM 슈퍼모타드 (SK44A)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2005–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SK44A",
        "DR-Z400SM"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "드르즈",
        "DRZ400SM",
        "디알제트 400",
        "스즈키 DR-Z400SM"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki DRZ 400 SM",
        "DR-Z400SM SK44A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 / SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.7,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-29F00 / HF139",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R17 M/C 58H",
        "rear_size": "140/70R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Slim AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 146,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 DR-Z400SM (SK44A) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki DR-Z400SM (SK44A) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400sm/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400sm/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-dr-z400sm.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-dr-z4s-2025",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "DR-Z4S (2025)",
      "model_ko": "DR-Z4S (2025 신형)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DR-Z4S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 DR-Z4S",
        "인젝션 DRZ400 후속"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki DR-Z4S",
        "2025 DR-Z4S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 38,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 37,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.7,
        "with_filter_l": 1.9,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-29F00 / HF139",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21 M/C 51P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 175
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 920,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 151,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) DR-Z4S (2025) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki DR-Z4S (2025) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-dr-z4s-2025/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-dr-z4s-2025/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-dr-z4s-2025.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-dr-z4sm-2025",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "DR-Z4SM (2025)",
      "model_ko": "DR-Z4SM (2025 신형)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DR-Z4SM"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 DR-Z4SM",
        "인젝션 디알제트 모타드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki DR-Z4SM",
        "2025 DR-Z4SM"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 38,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 37,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.7,
        "with_filter_l": 1.9,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-29F00 / HF139",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R17 M/C 58H",
        "rear_size": "140/70 R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 154,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) DR-Z4SM (2025) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki DR-Z4SM (2025) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-dr-z4sm-2025/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-dr-z4sm-2025/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-dr-z4sm-2025.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsr400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSR400",
      "model_ko": "GSR400",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2006–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GK7DA",
        "GK7EA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 GSR400",
        "400cc 센터업 4기통",
        "GK7EA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSR400",
        "GK7DA",
        "GK7EA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 61,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSR400 (2006–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSR400 (2006–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsr400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsr400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsr400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-impulse-400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX400 Impulse (GK7CA)",
      "model_ko": "GSX400 임펄스 (GK7CA)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1994–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GK79A",
        "GK7CA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 임펄스400",
        "요시무라 컬러 임펄스",
        "GK79A",
        "GK7CA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX400 Impulse",
        "Impulse Type S",
        "GK79A",
        "GK7CA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 37,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 197,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX400 Impulse (GK7CA) (1994–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX400 Impulse (GK7CA) (1994–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-impulse-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-impulse-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-impulse-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-inazuma-400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Inazuma 400 (GK7BA)",
      "model_ko": "이나즈마 400 (GK7BA)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1997–2002",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GK7BA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "유랭 이나즈마400",
        "브렘보 유랭 4기통",
        "GK7BA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Inazuma 400",
        "GSX400FS Inazuma",
        "GK7BA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 52,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 36,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17 (72W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK JR8B",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 207,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Inazuma 400 (GK7BA) (1997–2002) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Inazuma 400 (GK7BA) (1997–2002) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-inazuma-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-inazuma-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-inazuma-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-skywave-400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Skywave 400 (AN400 Gen 2)",
      "model_ko": "스카이웨이브 400 (구형 AN400)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "CK44A",
        "CK45A",
        "WVCG"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스카이웨이브400",
        "구형 버그만400",
        "CK44A",
        "CK45A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Skywave 400",
        "AN400 K7-L6",
        "CK44A",
        "CK45A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 34,
      "power_rpm": 7300,
      "torque_nm": 36,
      "torque_rpm": 5800,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF132",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 190,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 / Hypoid 80W-90 (190 ml final reduction oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14 M/C 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E / MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "FTZ9-BS / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 222,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Skywave 400 (AN400 Gen 2) (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Skywave 400 (AN400 Gen 2) (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-skywave-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-skywave-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-skywave-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-burgman-400",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Burgman 400 (AN400 / DU11 Dual-Spark)",
      "model_ko": "버그만 400 (AN400 쿠페)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DU11",
        "AN400A",
        "AN400M2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "버그만 400",
        "스즈키 버그만400",
        "AN400",
        "버그만 400 쿠페"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki AN400 Burgman",
        "Burgman 400 DU11",
        "Skywave 400"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 400,
      "power_hp": 29.2,
      "power_rpm": 6300,
      "torque_nm": 35.2,
      "torque_rpm": 4900,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SG/SH/SJ/SL or higher (JASO MB or MA)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-05240 / HF971",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 190,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil API GL-5 (190 ml drain / 200 ml overhaul)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15 M/C 56S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Dual-Spark Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "FTZ9-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah–9.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 Burgman 400 (AN400 / DU11) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Burgman 400 (AN400 / DU11) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-burgman-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-burgman-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-burgman-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gs500f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GS500 / GS500F",
      "model_ko": "GS500 / GS500F",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "1989–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GM51A",
        "WVBK"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 GS500E",
        "공랭 500 트윈",
        "GM51A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GS500F",
        "GS500E",
        "GM51A",
        "WVBK"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 487,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 9200,
      "torque_nm": 40,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-45040 / HF133",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 54H",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 62H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GS500 / GS500F (1989–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GS500 / GS500F (1989–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gs500f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gs500f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gs500f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsr600",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSR600",
      "model_ko": "GSR600",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2006–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WVB9"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 GSR600",
        "베이비 비킹",
        "WVB9"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSR600",
        "WVB9"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 64.7,
      "torque_rpm": 9600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 208,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSR600 (2006–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSR600 (2006–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsr600/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsr600/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsr600.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-r600",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-R600",
      "model_ko": "GSX-R600",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2011–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GN7FA",
        "C3111",
        "GSX-R600L1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알식스 라이벌 알육백",
        "스즈키 600 알차",
        "GSX-R600 L1"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-R600",
        "GSX-R600 L1",
        "GN7FA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 599,
      "power_hp": 126,
      "power_rpm": 13500,
      "torque_nm": 69.6,
      "torque_rpm": 11500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 187,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-R600 (2011–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-R600 (2011–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r600/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r600/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r600.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-burgman-650-executive",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Burgman 650 Executive",
      "model_ko": "버그만 650 익제큐티브",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2013–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "AN650A",
        "AN650Z",
        "CP52A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "버그만650",
        "스카이웨이브 650",
        "AN650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Burgman 650 Executive",
        "Skywave 650",
        "AN650Z",
        "BU11"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 638,
      "power_hp": 55,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 62,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 360,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 10W-40 JASO MA SECVT Reduction Oil (360 ml)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 300,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil GL-5 (300 ml 5-gear final drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R15 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R14 M/C 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 277,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Burgman 650 Executive (2013–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Burgman 650 Executive (2013–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-burgman-650-executive/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-burgman-650-executive/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-burgman-650-executive.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-dr650se",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "DR650SE (DR650S)",
      "model_ko": "DR650SE (DR650S)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "1996–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SP46B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 DR650",
        "유랭 빅싱글 듀얼",
        "SP46B"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki DR650SE",
        "DR650S",
        "SP46B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 644,
      "power_hp": 43,
      "power_rpm": 6400,
      "torque_nm": 54,
      "torque_rpm": 4600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.4,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-37440 / HF137",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54S",
        "rear_size": "120/90-17 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 175,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR10E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 885,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 166,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) DR650SE (DR650S) (1996–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki DR650SE (DR650S) (1996–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-dr650se/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-dr650se/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-dr650se.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gladius-sfv650",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Gladius 650 (SFV650)",
      "model_ko": "글라디우스 650 (SFV650)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2009–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SFV650",
        "WVCX",
        "VP55A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 글라디우스",
        "SFV650",
        "VP55A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Gladius 650",
        "SFV650",
        "WVCX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 645,
      "power_hp": 72,
      "power_rpm": 8400,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 6400,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.75,
        "overhaul_l": 3.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 202,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Gladius 650 (SFV650) (2009–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Gladius 650 (SFV650) (2009–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gladius-sfv650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gladius-sfv650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gladius-sfv650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-sv650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "SV650 / SV650X (SV650A V-Twin)",
      "model_ko": "SV650 / SV650X (90° V-트윈)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SV650A",
        "WCX0",
        "VP55B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "SV 650",
        "에스브이650",
        "스즈키 SV650",
        "SV650X"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki SV650 ABS",
        "SV650A WCX0",
        "SV650X Cafe"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 645,
      "power_hp": 76.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 8100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.75,
        "overhaul_l": 3.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20x1.0 Suzuki Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Dual-Spark: 2 per cylinder)",
        "battery_code": "FT12A-BS / YT12A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 SV650 / SV650X (SV650A / VP55B) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki SV650 / SV650X (SV650A / VP55B) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-sv650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-sv650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-sv650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-sv650s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "SV650S (2003–2012)",
      "model_ko": "SV650S (하프카울 2세대)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2003–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WVBY",
        "VP52A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 SV650S",
        "알루미늄 트러스 SV650",
        "VP52A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki SV650S",
        "SV650 K3-L2",
        "WVBY"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 645,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8800,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/60 ZR17 M/C (55W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) SV650S (2003–2012) (2003–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki SV650S (2003–2012) (2003–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-sv650s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-sv650s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-sv650s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-sv650x",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "SV650X",
      "model_ko": "SV650X",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2018–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VP55B",
        "WCX0",
        "SV650XA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "SV650X 카페레이서",
        "스즈키 V트윈 카페",
        "SV650XA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki SV650X",
        "SV650XA",
        "SV650 Cafe Racer"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 645,
      "power_hp": 76.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 8100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.75,
        "overhaul_l": 3.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) SV650X (2018–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki SV650X (2018–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-sv650x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-sv650x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-sv650x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-650-std",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 650 ABS (DL650A)",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 650 ABS (캐스트 휠)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2012–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "C7111",
        "WC70",
        "DL650A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "DL650 표준형",
        "캐스트휠 브이스트롬650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki V-Strom 650 ABS",
        "DL650A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 645,
      "power_hp": 71,
      "power_rpm": 8800,
      "torque_nm": 62,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.75,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19 M/C 59V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 213,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) V-Strom 650 ABS (DL650A) (2012–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 650 ABS (DL650A) (2012–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-650-std/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-650-std/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-650-std.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-650xt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 650XT",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 650XT",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DL650XA",
        "VP56A",
        "WC70"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브이스트롬650",
        "DL650XT",
        "스즈키 명기 미들어드벤처"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki V-Strom 650XT",
        "DL650XA",
        "VP56A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 645,
      "power_hp": 71,
      "power_rpm": 8800,
      "torque_nm": 62,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.75,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19 M/C 59V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 216,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) V-Strom 650XT (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 650XT (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-650xt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-650xt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-650xt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-boulevard-s40-ls650",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Boulevard S40 (Savage 650)",
      "model_ko": "블러바드 S40 (새비지 650)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1986–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "NP41A",
        "LS650"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 새비지650",
        "LS650",
        "단기통 벨트 크루저"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Boulevard S40",
        "LS650 Savage",
        "NP41A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 652,
      "power_hp": 31,
      "power_rpm": 5400,
      "torque_nm": 50,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-37440 / HF137",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 21
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/80-15 M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8E-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 700,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 173,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Boulevard S40 (Savage 650) (1986–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Boulevard S40 (Savage 650) (1986–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-s40-ls650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-s40-ls650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-s40-ls650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-bandit-650s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Bandit 650 / 650S (GSF650)",
      "model_ko": "밴디트 650 / 650S",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WVB5",
        "WVCJ"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "수랭 밴디트650",
        "GSF650S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Bandit 650S",
        "GSF650",
        "WVCJ"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 656,
      "power_hp": 85,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 61.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 244,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Bandit 650 / 650S (GSF650) (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Bandit 650 / 650S (GSF650) (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-bandit-650s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-bandit-650s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-bandit-650s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx650f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX650F",
      "model_ko": "GSX650F",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2008–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WVCJ",
        "GSX650FU"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 GSX650F",
        "카타나 650 후속"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX650F",
        "WVCJ"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 656,
      "power_hp": 85,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 61.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 241,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX650F (2008–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX650F (2008–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx650f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx650f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx650f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsr750",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSR750",
      "model_ko": "GSR750",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2011–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WVC5",
        "C5111",
        "GR7NA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 GSR750",
        "GSX-S750 전신",
        "GR7NA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSR750",
        "C5111",
        "WVC5"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 749,
      "power_hp": 106,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSR750 (2011–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSR750 (2011–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsr750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsr750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsr750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-s750",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-S750",
      "model_ko": "GSX-S750",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WC50",
        "C533F",
        "GR7NA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 750 네이키드",
        "GSR750 후속",
        "WC50"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-S750",
        "WC50",
        "C533F"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 749,
      "power_hp": 114,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 81,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 213,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-S750 (2017–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-S750 (2017–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-r750",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-R750",
      "model_ko": "GSX-R750",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2011–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GR7MA",
        "C4111",
        "GSX-R750L1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알칠오공",
        "스즈키 750 알차",
        "미들급 제왕",
        "GR7MA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-R750",
        "GSX-R750 L1",
        "GR7MA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 750,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 13200,
      "torque_nm": 86.3,
      "torque_rpm": 11200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 190,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-R750 (2011–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-R750 (2011–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-8r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-8R (EM1 / GSX800R)",
      "model_ko": "GSX-8R (풀페어링 트윈)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EM1",
        "GSX800R"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 8R",
        "GSX8R",
        "GSX-8S 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX8R",
        "GSX800R 776cc"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 776,
      "power_hp": 82.9,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 6800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Laser Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "FTZ10S / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 GSX-8R / GSX-8S 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기술 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-8R / GSX-8S Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-8s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-8S (EM1AA 270° Twin)",
      "model_ko": "GSX-8S (EM1AA 스트리트파이터)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EM1AA",
        "WEM0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "GSX8S",
        "팔에스",
        "스즈키 GSX-8S",
        "스즈키 8S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-8S ABS",
        "GSX800RQ EM1AA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 776,
      "power_hp": 82.9,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 6800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20x1.0 Suzuki Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Laser Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "FTZ10S / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 202,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 GSX-8S (EM1AA / WEM0) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-8S (EM1AA / WEM0) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-8s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-800-re",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 800 (Road / RE)",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 800 (온로드 캐스트)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EM11",
        "DL800RQ"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브이스트롬800 로드",
        "DL800RE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki V-Strom 800",
        "V-Strom 800RE",
        "V-Strom 800 Touring"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 776,
      "power_hp": 84.3,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 6800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19 M/C 59V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) V-Strom 800 (Road / RE) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 800 (Road / RE) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800-re/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800-re/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800-re.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-800de",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 800DE / 800 (DL800DE)",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 800DE",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DL800DE",
        "EM2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 브이스트롬 800",
        "V스트롬 800DE",
        "DL800DE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki DL800DE",
        "VStrom 800DE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 776,
      "power_hp": 84.3,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 6800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Laser Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "FTX12-BS / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 855,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 V-Strom 800DE (DL800DE) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 800DE (DL800DE) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800de/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800de/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-800de.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-boulevard-c50",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Boulevard C50 (Volusia VL800)",
      "model_ko": "블러바드 C50 (볼루시아 800)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2005–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VL800",
        "WVBM"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "블러바드 C50T",
        "인트루더 C800",
        "VL800"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Boulevard C50",
        "Intruder C800",
        "Volusia 800",
        "VL800"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 805,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Gear Oil SAE 80W-90 GL-5 (210 ml shaft final drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16 M/C 67H",
        "rear_size": "170/80-15 M/C 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 700,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 277,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Boulevard C50 (Volusia VL800) (2005–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Boulevard C50 (Volusia VL800) (2005–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-c50/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-c50/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-c50.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-boulevard-m50",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Boulevard M50 (Intruder M800)",
      "model_ko": "블러바드 M50 (인트루더 M800)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2005–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VZ800",
        "WVB4"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 M50",
        "인트루더 M800",
        "VZ800"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Boulevard M50",
        "Intruder M800",
        "VZ800"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 805,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Gear Oil SAE 80W-90 GL-5 (210 ml shaft final drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16 M/C 67H",
        "rear_size": "170/80-15 M/C 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 700,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 269,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Boulevard M50 (Intruder M800) (2005–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Boulevard M50 (Intruder M800) (2005–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-m50/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-m50/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-m50.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-sv1000s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "SV1000S / SV1000",
      "model_ko": "SV1000S / SV1000",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2003–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VT54A",
        "WVBX"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "리터급 SV1000",
        "VT54A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki SV1000S",
        "SV1000",
        "VT54A",
        "WVBX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 996,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 102,
      "torque_rpm": 7200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) SV1000S / SV1000 (2003–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki SV1000S / SV1000 (2003–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-sv1000s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-sv1000s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-sv1000s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-tl1000r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "TL1000R",
      "model_ko": "TL1000R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1998–2003",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VT52A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 V트윈 슈퍼바이크",
        "VT52A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki TL1000R",
        "VT52A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 996,
      "power_hp": 135,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) TL1000R (1998–2003) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki TL1000R (1998–2003) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-tl1000r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-tl1000r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-tl1000r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-r1000-k5",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-R1000 K5 / K6 (2005–2006)",
      "model_ko": "GSX-R1000 K5 / K6",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2005–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GT76A",
        "WVB6"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "전설의 알천 K5",
        "트라이오벌 티타늄 알천",
        "GT76A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-R1000 K5",
        "GSX-R1000 K6",
        "GT76A",
        "WVB6"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 178,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 118,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-R1000 K5 / K6 (2005–2006) (2005–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-R1000 K5 / K6 (2005–2006) (2005–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000-k5/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000-k5/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000-k5.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-r1000-k9",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-R1000 K9–L6 (2009–2016)",
      "model_ko": "GSX-R1000 K9–L6",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2009–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GT78A",
        "WVCY"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알천 K9",
        "쇼와 BPF 알천",
        "L2 단발 알천",
        "GT78A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-R1000 K9",
        "GSX-R1000 L2-L6",
        "GT78A",
        "WVCY"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 185,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 116.7,
      "torque_rpm": 10000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-R1000 K9–L6 (2009–2016) (2009–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-R1000 K9–L6 (2009–2016) (2009–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000-k9/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000-k9/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000-k9.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-s1000",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-S1000",
      "model_ko": "GSX-S1000",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WEK0",
        "EK11A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 리터 네이키드",
        "신형 GSX-S1000",
        "WEK0"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-S1000",
        "WEK0",
        "EK11A",
        "WDG0"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 152,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 9250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-S1000 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-S1000 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-s1000f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-S1000F",
      "model_ko": "GSX-S1000F",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2015–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WDG0",
        "GT79A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 S1000F",
        "GSX-S1000GT 전신",
        "WDG0"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-S1000F",
        "GSX-S1000FA",
        "WDG0"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-S1000F (2015–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-S1000F (2015–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-s1000gt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-S1000GT / GT+ (WEK0)",
      "model_ko": "GSX-S1000GT (WEK0 스포츠 투어러)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WEK0",
        "EK1AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "천지티",
        "S1000GT",
        "GSX-S1000GT",
        "스즈키 S1000GT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSXS1000GT",
        "GSX-S1000GT+ WEK0",
        "GSX-S1000F successor"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 152,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 9250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20x1.0 Suzuki Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "FTZ10S / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 226,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 GSX-S1000GT (WEK0 / EK1AA) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-S1000GT (WEK0 / EK1AA) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-s1000gx",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-S1000GX",
      "model_ko": "GSX-S1000GX",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WEM0",
        "EM12"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "S1000GX",
        "스즈키 전자서스 크로스오버",
        "WEM0"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-S1000GX",
        "WEM0",
        "EM12"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 152,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 9250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 232,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-S1000GX (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-S1000GX (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000gx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000gx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-s1000gx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-katana",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Katana (GSX-S1000S)",
      "model_ko": "카타나 (GSX-S1000S)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WDG0",
        "WEK0",
        "EK11A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 카타나",
        "신형 카타나 1000",
        "GSX-S1000S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Katana",
        "GSX-S1000S",
        "GSX-S1000RQ"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 152,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 9250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Katana (GSX-S1000S) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Katana (GSX-S1000S) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-katana/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-katana/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-katana.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx-r1000r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX-R1000R",
      "model_ko": "GSX-R1000R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DM11G",
        "WDMA",
        "GSX-R1000RL7"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알천알",
        "스즈키 알천",
        "L7 알천알",
        "DM11G"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX-R1000R",
        "GSX-R1000 L7",
        "DM11G",
        "WDMA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1000,
      "power_hp": 202,
      "power_rpm": 13200,
      "torque_nm": 117.6,
      "torque_rpm": 10800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 203,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX-R1000R (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX-R1000R (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx-r1000r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-1000",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 1000 ABS (2014–2019)",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 1000 ABS (VU51A)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2014–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VU51A",
        "WDD0",
        "VT53A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 브이스트롬1000",
        "외눈 브이스트롬1000",
        "VU51A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki V-Strom 1000 ABS",
        "DL1000A",
        "VU51A",
        "DD11"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1037,
      "power_hp": 100,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 103,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19 M/C 59V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 228,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) V-Strom 1000 ABS (2014–2019) (2014–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 1000 ABS (2014–2019) (2014–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1000/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1000/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1000.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-1050",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 1050 / 1050XT",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 1050 / 1050XT",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "WEF0",
        "DL1050RC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브이스트롬1050XT",
        "19인치 1050",
        "EF11M"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki V-Strom 1050",
        "V-Strom 1050XT",
        "DL1050RC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1037,
      "power_hp": 107,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19 M/C 59V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 855,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 242,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) V-Strom 1050 / 1050XT (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 1050 / 1050XT (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1050/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1050/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1050.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-v-strom-1050de",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "V-Strom 1050DE",
      "model_ko": "브이스트롬 1050DE",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DL1050RJ",
        "WEF0",
        "EF11M"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브이스트롬1050DE",
        "리터급 브이스트롬",
        "DL1050DE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki V-Strom 1050DE",
        "DL1050RJ",
        "EF11M"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1037,
      "power_hp": 107,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / FTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 880,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 252,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) V-Strom 1050DE (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki V-Strom 1050DE (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1050de/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1050de/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-v-strom-1050de.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-bandit-1200s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Bandit 1200 / 1200S (GSF1200)",
      "model_ko": "밴디트 1200 / 1200S (유랭)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "1996–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GV75A",
        "GV77A",
        "GV79A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "유랭 밴디트1200",
        "SACS 빅블록",
        "GV75A",
        "GV79A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Bandit 1200S",
        "GSF1200",
        "GV75A",
        "GV79A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1157,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK JR9B",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 240,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Bandit 1200 / 1200S (GSF1200) (1996–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Bandit 1200 / 1200S (GSF1200) (1996–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-bandit-1200s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-bandit-1200s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-bandit-1200s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-bandit-1250s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Bandit 1250S / GSX1250FA",
      "model_ko": "밴디트 1250S / GSX1250FA",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GW72A",
        "WVCH"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "수랭 밴디트1250",
        "토크 괴물 투어러",
        "GW72A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Bandit 1250S",
        "GSF1250S",
        "GSX1250FA",
        "GW72A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1255,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 3700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 254,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Bandit 1250S / GSX1250FA (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Bandit 1250S / GSX1250FA (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-bandit-1250s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-bandit-1250s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-bandit-1250s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-hayabusa-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Hayabusa Gen 1 (1999–2007)",
      "model_ko": "하야부사 1세대 (1999–2007)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1999–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GW71A",
        "WVA1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "초대 하야부사",
        "340km 속도계 하야부사",
        "GW71A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Hayabusa Gen 1",
        "GSX1300R 1999-2007",
        "GW71A",
        "WVA1"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1299,
      "power_hp": 175,
      "power_rpm": 9800,
      "torque_nm": 138,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 251,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Hayabusa Gen 1 (1999–2007) (1999–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Hayabusa Gen 1 (1999–2007) (1999–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa-gen1/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa-gen1/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa-gen1.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-b-king",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "B-King (GSX1300BK)",
      "model_ko": "B-킹 (GSX1300BK)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2008–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GX71A",
        "WVCR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 비킹",
        "하야부사 네이키드",
        "GX71A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki B-King",
        "GSX1300BK",
        "WVCR",
        "GX71A"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1340,
      "power_hp": 184,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 146,
      "torque_rpm": 7200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/50 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 255,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) B-King (GSX1300BK) (2008–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki B-King (GSX1300BK) (2008–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-b-king/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-b-king/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-b-king.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-hayabusa",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Hayabusa (GSX1300R Gen 3)",
      "model_ko": "하야부사 3세대 (GSX1300R)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "EJ11A",
        "GSX1300RRQ"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 하야부사",
        "부사 3세대",
        "GSX1300R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX1300RRQ",
        "Gen 3 Hayabusa"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1340,
      "power_hp": 190,
      "power_rpm": 9700,
      "torque_nm": 150,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMAR9B9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm (Laser Iridium)",
        "battery_code": "FTX12-BS / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 264,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키 Hayabusa 3세대 (EJ11A) 공식 서비스·오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Hayabusa Gen 3 (GSX1300RRQ / EJ11A) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-hayabusa-gen2",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Hayabusa Gen 2 (2008–2020)",
      "model_ko": "하야부사 2세대 (2008–2020)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2008–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GX72A",
        "GX72B",
        "WVCK"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 하야부사",
        "2세대 부사",
        "GX72A",
        "하야부사 K8"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Hayabusa Gen 2",
        "GSX1300R K8-L9",
        "GX72A",
        "GX72B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1340,
      "power_hp": 197,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 155,
      "torque_rpm": 7200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 266,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Hayabusa Gen 2 (2008–2020) (2008–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Hayabusa Gen 2 (2008–2020) (2008–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa-gen2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa-gen2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-hayabusa-gen2.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-gsx1400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "GSX1400",
      "model_ko": "GSX1400",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2001–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GY71A",
        "WVBN"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스즈키 GSX1400",
        "최대배기량 유랭 빅네이키드",
        "GY71A"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki GSX1400",
        "GY71A",
        "WVBN"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1402,
      "power_hp": 106,
      "power_rpm": 6800,
      "torque_nm": 126,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.2,
        "overhaul_l": 4.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 255,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) GSX1400 (2001–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki GSX1400 (2001–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-gsx1400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-gsx1400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-gsx1400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-boulevard-c90",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Boulevard C90 / B.O.S.S. (VL1500)",
      "model_ko": "블러바드 C90 / 보스 (VL1500)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2013–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VL1500BT",
        "WVAL"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인트루더 C1500T",
        "블러바드 C90T",
        "VL1500BT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Boulevard C90",
        "Boulevard C90T B.O.S.S.",
        "Intruder C1500T",
        "VL1500"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1462,
      "power_hp": 79,
      "power_rpm": 4800,
      "torque_nm": 131,
      "torque_rpm": 2600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Gear Oil SAE 80W-90 GL-5 (210 ml shaft final drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80 R17 M/C 65H",
        "rear_size": "200/60 R16 M/C 79H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 363,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Boulevard C90 / B.O.S.S. (VL1500) (2013–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Boulevard C90 / B.O.S.S. (VL1500) (2013–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-c90/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-c90/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-c90.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "suzuki-boulevard-m109r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Suzuki",
      "brand_ko": "스즈키",
      "model": "Boulevard M109R",
      "model_ko": "블러바드 M109R",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2006–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VZR1800",
        "WVCA",
        "CA111"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인트루더 M1800R",
        "스즈키 M109R 보스",
        "VZR1800"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Suzuki Boulevard M109R",
        "Intruder M1800R",
        "VZR1800",
        "M109R B.O.S.S."
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1783,
      "power_hp": 128,
      "power_rpm": 6200,
      "torque_nm": 160,
      "torque_rpm": 3200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL/SM/SN",
        "drain_only_l": 3.4,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "16510-07J00 / HF138 (M20×1.0 Fine Thread)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 23,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 220,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Gear Oil SAE 80W-90 GL-5 (220 ml shaft final drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70 R18 M/C 63V",
        "rear_size": "240/40 VR18 M/C (79V)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EK / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 705,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 347,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 18000,
        "air_filter_km": 18000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "스즈키(Suzuki) Boulevard M109R (2006–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Suzuki Boulevard M109R (2006–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-m109r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-m109r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/suzuki-boulevard-m109r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-g-310-gs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "G 310 GS (K02)",
      "model_ko": "G 310 GS (베이비 GS)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K02",
        "0G02",
        "0G31"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베이비GS",
        "G310GS",
        "지삼일공GS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW G 310 GS",
        "Baby GS K02"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 313,
      "power_hp": 34,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 28,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.65,
        "overhaul_l": 1.85,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 175,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW G 310 GS (K02) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW G 310 GS (K02) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-g-310-gs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-g-310-gs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-g-310-gs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-g-310-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "G 310 R (K03)",
      "model_ko": "G 310 R (K03)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K03",
        "0G01",
        "0G41"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "G310R",
        "지삼일공알",
        "BMW 310",
        "G 310 GS 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW G310R",
        "G310R K03",
        "0G01",
        "0G41"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 313,
      "power_hp": 34,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 28,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher (BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.85,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 (Mahle OC 1419)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E (2021+ EU5) / LMAR9D-J (2017–2020)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "ETX9-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 164,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad G 310 R (K03 / 0G41) 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad G 310 R (K03 / 0G41) Official Rider’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-g-310-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-g-310-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-g-310-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-c-400-gt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "C 400 GT (K08)",
      "model_ko": "C 400 GT (K08)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K08",
        "0C06",
        "0C61",
        "K09 (C 400 X)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "C400GT",
        "씨사백GT",
        "C 400 X",
        "씨사백엑스",
        "BMW 중형 스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW C400GT",
        "C400GT",
        "C 400 X",
        "K08",
        "K09"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 350,
      "power_hp": 34,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 35,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40 (건식 CVT 구조상 JASO MB 저마찰 오일도 호환)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA_OR_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / JASO MA2 (BMW Advantec Ultimate) or JASO MB",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / 11425B79146 (HF164)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 215,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "BMW Synthetik OSP SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (215 ml service / 240 ml dry)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R15 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R14 M/C 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / BMW 12V 9Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 9.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad C 400 GT (K08) 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad C 400 GT (K08) Official Rider’s Manual Technical Data"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-c-400-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-c-400-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-c-400-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-c-400-x",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "C 400 X (K09)",
      "model_ko": "C 400 X (K09)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K09",
        "0C09"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨사백엑스",
        "C400X",
        "비엠 C400X"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW C 400 X",
        "C400X K09"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 350,
      "power_hp": 34,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 35,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (250 ml rear gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R15",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R14",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / BMW 9Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 9.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW C 400 X (K09) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW C 400 X (K09) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-c-400-x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-c-400-x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-c-400-x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-g-450-x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "G 450 X (K16 Enduro)",
      "model_ko": "G 450 X (K16 엔듀로)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2008–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K16",
        "0143"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "G450X",
        "비엠 450 엔듀로",
        "동축 스윙암 엔듀로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW G 450 X",
        "G450X K16"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 450,
      "power_hp": 51,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 44,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.05,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427715466 / HF611",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 180
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 955,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 120,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 1500,
        "oil_filter_km": 1500,
        "air_filter_km": 1500,
        "spark_plug_km": 5000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 3000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW G 450 X (K16 Enduro) (2008–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW G 450 X (K16 Enduro) (2008–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-g-450-x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-g-450-x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-g-450-x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-c-600-sport",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "C 600 Sport (K18)",
      "model_ko": "C 600 스포츠 (K18)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K18",
        "0131"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "C600스포츠",
        "씨육백스포츠",
        "구형 C650스포츠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW C 600 Sport",
        "C600 Sport K18"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 647,
      "power_hp": 60,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 66,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 750,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (750 ml enclosed oil-bath chaincase!)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR15",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR15",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 249,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 40000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW C 600 Sport (K18) (2012–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW C 600 Sport (K18) (2012–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-c-600-sport/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-c-600-sport/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-c-600-sport.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-c-650-gt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "C 650 GT (K19)",
      "model_ko": "C 650 GT (K19)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K19",
        "0133",
        "0C05"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "씨육오공GT",
        "C650GT",
        "비엠 맥시스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW C 650 GT",
        "C650GT K19"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 647,
      "power_hp": 60,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 63,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 750,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (750 ml enclosed oil-bath chaincase!)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR15",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR15",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 261,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 40000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW C 650 GT (K19) (2012–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW C 650 GT (K19) (2012–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-c-650-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-c-650-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-c-650-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-c-650-sport",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "C 650 Sport (K18)",
      "model_ko": "C 650 스포츠 (K18)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2016–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K18",
        "0C04"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "C650스포츠",
        "씨육오공스포츠",
        "C650 Sport"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW C 650 Sport",
        "C650 Sport K18"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 647,
      "power_hp": 60,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 63,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 750,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (750 ml enclosed oil-bath chaincase!)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR15",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR15",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 249,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 40000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 40000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW C 650 Sport (K18) (2016–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW C 650 Sport (K18) (2016–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-c-650-sport/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-c-650-sport/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-c-650-sport.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-650-cs-scarver",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 650 CS Scarver (K14)",
      "model_ko": "F 650 CS 스카버 (K14)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2002–2005",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K14",
        "0174",
        "0177"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스카버",
        "F650CS",
        "벨트 단기통 BMW"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW F 650 CS Scarver",
        "F650CS K14"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 652,
      "power_hp": 50,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 62,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.3,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "11412343118 / HF151",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 650 CS Scarver (K14) (2002–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 650 CS Scarver (K14) (2002–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-650-cs-scarver/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-650-cs-scarver/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-650-cs-scarver.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-650-gs-dakar",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 650 GS Dakar (R13)",
      "model_ko": "F 650 GS 다카르 (R13)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2000–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "R13",
        "0173",
        "0176"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "F650GS 다카르",
        "다카르 650",
        "R13 다카르"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW F 650 GS Dakar",
        "F650GS Dakar R13"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 652,
      "power_hp": 50,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 60,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.3,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "11412343118 / HF151",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17",
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      },
      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB12AL-A2",
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      "ergonomics": {
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 650 GS Dakar (R13) (2000–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 650 GS Dakar (R13) (2000–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-650-gs-dakar/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-650-gs-single",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 650 GS Single (R13 Rotax)",
      "model_ko": "F 650 GS 단기통 (R13 로탁스)",
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        "로탁스 650GS",
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      "power_hp": 50,
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      "torque_nm": 60,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.3,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
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      "tires": {
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "BMW F 650 GS Single (R13 Rotax) (2000–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-650-gs-single/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-g-650-gs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "G 650 GS (R131 Single)",
      "model_ko": "G 650 GS (단기통 R131)",
      "category": "adventure",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "R131",
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        "0188"
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        "G650GS",
        "지육오공GS",
        "단기통 650GS"
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      "power_hp": 48,
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      "torque_nm": 60,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
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        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB12AL-A2 / AGM 12Ah",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW G 650 GS (R131 Single) (2009–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW G 650 GS (R131 Single) (2009–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-g-650-gs-sertao",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "G 650 GS Sertao (R134)",
      "model_ko": "G 650 GS 세르타오 (R134)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "R134",
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        "G650GS 세르타오",
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      "power_hp": 48,
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      "torque_rpm": 5000,
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "with_filter_l": 2.3,
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW G 650 GS Sertao (R134) (2012–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW G 650 GS Sertao (R134) (2012–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-g-650-xchallenge",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "G 650 Xchallenge (K15)",
      "model_ko": "G 650 X챌린지 (K15)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2007–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K15",
        "0165"
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        "X챌린지",
        "G650 X챌린지",
        "K15 엔듀로"
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      "torque_nm": 60,
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
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        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
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        "rear_solo_kpa": 180,
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      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 930,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 156,
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        "est_consumption_km_l": 25
      },
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        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW G 650 Xchallenge (K15) (2007–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW G 650 Xchallenge (K15) (2007–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-g-650-xchallenge/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-g-650-xchallenge.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-g-650-xmoto",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "G 650 Xmoto (K15)",
      "model_ko": "G 650 X모토 (K15)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
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        "0167"
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        "비엠 슈퍼모토"
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
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      "consumables": {
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW G 650 Xmoto (K15) (2007–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW G 650 Xmoto (K15) (2007–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-g-650-xmoto/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-g-650-xmoto/",
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      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-650-gs-twin",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 650 GS Twin (K72 798cc)",
      "model_ko": "F 650 GS 트윈 (K72 2기통)",
      "category": "adventure",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "K72",
        "0218"
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        "2기통 F650GS",
        "트윈 650GS",
        "798cc F650GS"
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        "BMW F 650 GS Twin",
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      "torque_nm": 75,
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      "tires": {
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25.5
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 650 GS Twin (K72 798cc) (2008–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 650 GS Twin (K72 798cc) (2008–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-700-gs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 700 GS (K70)",
      "model_ko": "F 700 GS (K70)",
      "category": "adventure",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "K70",
        "0B01",
        "0B51"
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      "aliases_ko": [
        "F700GS",
        "에프칠백GS",
        "칠백GS"
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        "BMW F 700 GS",
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      "torque_rpm": 5300,
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      "tires": {
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        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
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      },
      "ergonomics": {
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 700 GS (K70) (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 700 GS (K70) (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-700-gs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-700-gs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-700-gs.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-800-gs",
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
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      "tires": {
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
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      "ergonomics": {
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "BMW F 800 GS (K72 Rotax) (2008–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-800-gs-adventure",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
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      "model": "F 800 GS Adventure (K75)",
      "model_ko": "F 800 GS 어드벤처 (K75)",
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        "K75",
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        "0B55"
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        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
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        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 800 GS Adventure (K75) (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 800 GS Adventure (K75) (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-800-gt",
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        "K71",
        "0B03",
        "0B53"
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        "에프팔백GT",
        "비엠 벨트투어러"
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
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        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 / HF160",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
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      "tires": {
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
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      },
      "ergonomics": {
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        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
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        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 800 GT (K71) (2013–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 800 GT (K71) (2013–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-800-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "K73",
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        "0B04"
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        "F800R",
        "에프팔백알",
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
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        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 / HF160",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
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      "tires": {
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
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        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 800 R (K73) (2009–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 800 R (K73) (2009–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-800-s",
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        "에프팔백S",
        "하프페어링 F800"
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        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
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      "tires": {
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "wet_weight_kg": 204,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 800 S (K71) (2006–2010) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 800 S (K71) (2006–2010) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-800-st",
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        "K71",
        "0234"
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        "에프팔백ST",
        "벨트 스포츠투어러"
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 800 ST (K71) (2006–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 800 ST (K71) (2006–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-750-gs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 750 GS (K80)",
      "model_ko": "F 750 GS (K80)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2018–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K80",
        "0B08"
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        "F750GS",
        "에프칠오공GS",
        "칠오공GS"
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      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW F 750 GS",
        "F750GS K80"
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      "displacement_cc": 853,
      "power_hp": 77,
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      "torque_nm": 83,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 38
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      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 224,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 750 GS (K80) (2018–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 750 GS (K80) (2018–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-750-gs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-750-gs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-750-gs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-850-gs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 850 GS (K81)",
      "model_ko": "F 850 GS (K81)",
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      "years_covered": "2018–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K81",
        "0B09"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "F850GS",
        "에프팔오공GS",
        "팔오공GS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
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        "F850GS K81"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 853,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (구형 F800 Rotax)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 38
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24
      },
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 850 GS (K81) (2018–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 850 GS (K81) (2018–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-850-gs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-850-gs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-850-gs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-850-gs-adventure",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 850 GS Adventure (K82)",
      "model_ko": "F 850 GS 어드벤처 (K82)",
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      "years_covered": "2019–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K82",
        "0K01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "F850GSA",
        "F850GS 어드벤처",
        "팔오공어드벤처"
      ],
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        "BMW F 850 GS Adventure",
        "F850GSA K82"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 853,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (구형 F800 Rotax)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 38
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 244,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 850 GS Adventure (K82) (2019–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 850 GS Adventure (K82) (2019–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-850-gs-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-850-gs-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-850-gs-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-800-gs-k80-2024",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 800 GS (K80 895cc Twin)",
      "model_ko": "F 800 GS 신형 (K80 895cc)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K80",
        "0K51"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 F800GS",
        "2024 F800GS",
        "F750GS 후속"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW F 800 GS 2024",
        "F800GS K80 895cc"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 895,
      "power_hp": 87,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 91,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (구형 F800 Rotax)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 38
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 227,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 800 GS (K80 895cc Twin) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 800 GS (K80 895cc Twin) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-800-gs-k80-2024/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-800-gs-k80-2024/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-800-gs-k80-2024.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-900-gs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 900 GS / GS Adventure (K81)",
      "model_ko": "F 900 GS (K81)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K81",
        "0K61",
        "K82 (F 900 GSA)"
      ],
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        "F900GS",
        "구백지에스",
        "에프구백GS",
        "F850GS 후속"
      ],
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        "BMW F900GS",
        "F900GS K81",
        "0K61",
        "F 900 GS Adventure K82"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 895,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher (BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / 11425B70298 (Mahle OC 619 / HF160)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9J-9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW M Lightweight LiFePO4 / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lightweight Maintenance-Free",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 219,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad F 900 GS (K81 / 0K61) 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad F 900 GS (K81 / 0K61) Official Rider’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-900-gs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-900-gs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-900-gs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-900-gs-adventure",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 900 GS Adventure (K82)",
      "model_ko": "F 900 GS 어드벤처 (K82)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K82",
        "0K63"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "F900GSA",
        "F900GS 어드벤처",
        "에프구백어드벤처"
      ],
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        "BMW F 900 GS Adventure",
        "F900GSA"
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      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (구형 F800 Rotax)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 38
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 246,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.5
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      "intervals": {
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 900 GS Adventure (K82) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 900 GS Adventure (K82) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-900-gs-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-900-gs-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-900-gs-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-900-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 900 R (K83)",
      "model_ko": "F 900 R (K83)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K83",
        "0K11",
        "K84 (F 900 XR)"
      ],
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        "F900R",
        "에프구백알",
        "F 900 XR 호환",
        "BMW 구백알"
      ],
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        "BMW F900R",
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        "0K11",
        "F 900 XR K84"
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      "displacement_cc": 895,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher (BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40)",
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        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / 11425B70298 (Mahle OC 619 / HF160)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9J-9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS / BMW 12V 12Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 211,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad F 900 R (K83 / 0K11) 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad F 900 R (K83 / 0K11) Official Rider’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-900-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-900-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-900-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-f-900-xr",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "F 900 XR (K84)",
      "model_ko": "F 900 XR (K84)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K84",
        "0K21"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "F900XR",
        "에프구백XR",
        "비엠 F900XR"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW F 900 XR",
        "F900XR K84"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 895,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (구형 F800 Rotax)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11428562889 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 38
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8J-9E / DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 219,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW F 900 XR (K84) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW F 900 XR (K84) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-f-900-xr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-f-900-xr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-f-900-xr.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-hp4",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "HP4 (K42 Competition)",
      "model_ko": "HP4 (K42 컴페티션)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2013–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K42",
        "0D01"
      ],
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        "비엠 HP4",
        "S1000RR HP4",
        "K42 HP4"
      ],
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        "BMW HP4",
        "HP4 Competition K42"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 193,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 9750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
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        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / BMW M LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / M Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW HP4 (K42 Competition) (2013–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW HP4 (K42 Competition) (2013–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-hp4/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-hp4/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-hp4.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-m-1000-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "M 1000 R (KM3)",
      "model_ko": "M 1000 R (엠천알)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KM3",
        "0E81"
      ],
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        "엠천알",
        "M1000R",
        "비엠 하이퍼네이키드"
      ],
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        "BMW M 1000 R",
        "M1000R KM3"
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      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 210,
      "power_rpm": 13750,
      "torque_nm": 113,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / BMW M LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / M Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW M 1000 R (KM3) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW M 1000 R (KM3) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-m-1000-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-m-1000-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-m-1000-r.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-m-1000-rr",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
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      "model": "M 1000 RR (K66)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "K66",
        "0E71"
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        "엠천알알",
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        "비엠 M1000RR"
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        "BMW M 1000 RR",
        "M1000RR K66"
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      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 212,
      "power_rpm": 14500,
      "torque_nm": 113,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / BMW M LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / M Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 832,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW M 1000 RR (K66) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW M 1000 RR (K66) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-m-1000-rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-m-1000-rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-m-1000-rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-m-1000-xr",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "M 1000 XR (KM9)",
      "model_ko": "M 1000 XR (엠천XR)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KM9",
        "0E91"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "엠천XR",
        "M1000XR",
        "비엠 M1000XR"
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        "BMW M 1000 XR",
        "M1000XR KM9"
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      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 201,
      "power_rpm": 12750,
      "torque_nm": 113,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / BMW M LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / M Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW M 1000 XR (KM9) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW M 1000 XR (KM9) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-m-1000-xr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-m-1000-xr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-m-1000-xr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-s-1000-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "S 1000 R (K63)",
      "model_ko": "S 1000 R (알천알 K63)",
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      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K63",
        "0E51"
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        "알천알",
        "S1000R",
        "신형 알천알"
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        "BMW S 1000 R",
        "S1000R K63"
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      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 165,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 114,
      "torque_rpm": 9250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4.1,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / BMW M LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / M Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW S 1000 R (K63) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW S 1000 R (K63) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-s-1000-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-s-1000-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-s-1000-r.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-s-1000-r-k47",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "S 1000 R (K47 Gen 1)",
      "model_ko": "S 1000 R 1세대 (구형 알천알 K47)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K47",
        "0D02",
        "0D52"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 알천알",
        "짝눈 알천알",
        "S1000R K47"
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        "BMW S 1000 R K47",
        "S1000R Gen 1"
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      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 165,
      "power_rpm": 11000,
      "torque_nm": 114,
      "torque_rpm": 9250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
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        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / BMW M LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / M Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 814,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW S 1000 R (K47 Gen 1) (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW S 1000 R (K47 Gen 1) (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-s-1000-r-k47/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-s-1000-r-k47/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-s-1000-r-k47.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-s-1000-rr",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "S 1000 RR (K67 ShiftCam)",
      "model_ko": "S 1000 RR (알천알알)",
      "category": "supersport",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "K67",
        "0E21",
        "0E61"
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        "알천알알",
        "스천알알",
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        "K67 시프트캠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW S1000RR K67",
        "S 1000 RR M Package"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 210,
      "power_rpm": 13750,
      "torque_nm": 113,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ or higher (No Moly Additives!)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "M Lightweight LiFePO4 / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5Ah LiFePO4 or 12V 8.6Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 824,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 197,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
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        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad S 1000 RR (K67) 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad S 1000 RR (K67) Official Rider’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-s-1000-rr.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-s-1000-rr-k46-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "S 1000 RR (K46 Gen 1)",
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      "torque_rpm": 9750,
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        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / BMW M LiFePO4",
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW S 1000 RR (K46 Gen 1) (2009–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW S 1000 RR (K46 Gen 1) (2009–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "bmw-s-1000-rr-k46-gen3",
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      "power_rpm": 13500,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
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        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / M Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
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        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW S 1000 RR (K46 Gen 3) (2015–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW S 1000 RR (K46 Gen 3) (2015–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-s-1000-rr-k46-gen3/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-s-1000-rr-k46-gen3.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-s-1000-xr",
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        "신형 S1000XR"
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      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9FI-10G / LMAR9D-J",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / BMW M LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / M Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 227,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "BMW S 1000 XR (K69) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-s-1000-xr/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-s-1000-xr-k49",
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 228,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW S 1000 XR (K49 Gen 1) (2015–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW S 1000 XR (K49 Gen 1) (2015–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-s-1000-xr-k49.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1100-gs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1100 GS (259E)",
      "model_ko": "R 1100 GS (259E 초대 오일헤드)",
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        "0404"
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        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
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        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
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      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 243,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1100 GS (259E) (1994–1999) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1100 GS (259E) (1994–1999) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1100-gs/",
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      "slug": "bmw-r-1100-rs",
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        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 239,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1100 RS (259S) (1993–2001) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1100 RS (259S) (1993–2001) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1100-rt",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
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      "model": "R 1100 RT (259T)",
      "model_ko": "R 1100 RT (259T)",
      "category": "touring",
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        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
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        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
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        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR18",
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      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 282,
        "fuel_tank_l": 26,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1100 RT (259T) (1995–2001) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1100 RT (259T) (1995–2001) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1100-rt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1100-rt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1100-rt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1100-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1100 S (R2S)",
      "model_ko": "R 1100 S (R2S 박서컵)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "R2S",
        "0422"
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        "R1100S",
        "박서컵 레플리카",
        "언더시트 1100S"
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      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 1100 S",
        "BoxerCup Replica R2S"
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      "displacement_cc": 1085,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 97,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
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        "with_filter_l": 3.75,
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        "filter_oem_code": "11421460845 / HF163",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1100 S (R2S) (1998–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1100 S (R2S) (1998–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1100-s.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1150-gs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1150 GS (R21)",
      "model_ko": "R 1150 GS (R21 오일헤드)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "R21",
        "0415"
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        "R1150GS",
        "알천백오십GS",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 249,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
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      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1150 GS (R21) (1999–2004) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1150 GS (R21) (1999–2004) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1150-gs.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1150-gs-adventure",
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      "brand": "BMW",
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      "model": "R 1150 GS Adventure (R21A)",
      "model_ko": "R 1150 GS 어드벤처 (R21A)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "R21A",
        "0441"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R1150GSA",
        "초대 GS 어드벤처",
        "롱웨이 어라운드 GS"
      ],
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        "BMW R 1150 GS Adventure",
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      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "with_filter_l": 3.75,
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        "filter_oem_code": "11421460845 / HF163",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 880,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 258,
        "fuel_tank_l": 30,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1150 GS Adventure (R21A) (2002–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1150 GS Adventure (R21A) (2002–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1150-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1150 R (R28)",
      "model_ko": "R 1150 R (R28)",
      "category": "naked",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "R28",
        "0429",
        "0308"
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        "R1150R 록스터",
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      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
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        "filter_oem_code": "11421460845 / HF163",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 238,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.5,
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        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1150 R (R28) (2001–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1150 R (R28) (2001–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1150-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1150-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1150-r.json"
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      "slug": "bmw-r-1150-rs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1150 RS (R22)",
      "model_ko": "R 1150 RS (R22)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "R22",
        "0447"
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        "R1150RS",
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        "알천백오십RS"
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      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
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        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.75,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11421460845 / HF163",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 246,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1150 RS (R22) (2001–2004) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1150 RS (R22) (2001–2004) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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      "slug": "bmw-r-1150-rt",
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      "brand": "BMW",
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      "model": "R 1150 RT (R22)",
      "model_ko": "R 1150 RT (R22)",
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        "R22",
        "0419"
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        "filter_oem_code": "11421460845 / HF163",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 279,
        "fuel_tank_l": 25.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
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      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1150 RT (R22) (2001–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1150 RT (R22) (2001–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1150-rt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1150-rt.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1200-gt",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1200 GT (K44)",
      "model_ko": "K 1200 GT (K44 신형 슬랜트블록)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2006–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K44",
        "0587"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "K1200GT K44",
        "2세대 K1200GT",
        "슬랜트 K1200GT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1200 GT K44",
        "Slant-Block K1200GT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1157,
      "power_hp": 152,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427719357 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK KR9CI",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 282,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW K 1200 GT (K44) (2006–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW K 1200 GT (K44) (2006–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-k-1200-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-k-1200-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1200-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1200-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1200 R (K43)",
      "model_ko": "K 1200 R (케이천이백 R)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2005–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K43",
        "0584",
        "0585"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "K1200R",
        "케이천이백알",
        "K1200R 스포츠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1200 R",
        "K1200R Sport K43"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1157,
      "power_hp": 163,
      "power_rpm": 10250,
      "torque_nm": 127,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427719357 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK KR9CI",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 237,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW K 1200 R (K43) (2005–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW K 1200 R (K43) (2005–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-k-1200-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-k-1200-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1200-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1200-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1200 S (K40)",
      "model_ko": "K 1200 S (케이천이백 S)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2005–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K40",
        "0581"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "K1200S",
        "케이천이백S",
        "듀오레버 첫 모델"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1200 S",
        "K1200S K40"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1157,
      "power_hp": 167,
      "power_rpm": 10250,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427719357 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK KR9CI",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 248,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW K 1200 S (K40) (2005–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW K 1200 S (K40) (2005–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-k-1200-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-k-1200-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1200-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-hp2-enduro",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "HP2 Enduro (K25H)",
      "model_ko": "HP2 엔듀로 (K25H)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2005–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K25H",
        "0369"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "HP2 엔듀로",
        "박서 하드엔듀로",
        "비엠 HP2"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW HP2 Enduro",
        "HP2 K25H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 920,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW HP2 Enduro (K25H) (2005–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW HP2 Enduro (K25H) (2005–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-hp2-enduro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-hp2-enduro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-hp2-enduro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-hp2-megamoto",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "HP2 Megamoto (K25H)",
      "model_ko": "HP2 메가모토 (K25H)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2007–2010",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K25H",
        "0310"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "HP2 메가모토",
        "박서 모타드",
        "메가모토"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW HP2 Megamoto",
        "Megamoto K25H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 113,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW HP2 Megamoto (K25H) (2007–2010) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW HP2 Megamoto (K25H) (2007–2010) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-hp2-megamoto/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-hp2-megamoto/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-hp2-megamoto.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-hp2-sport",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "HP2 Sport (K29H DOHC)",
      "model_ko": "HP2 스포츠 (K29H)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2008–2010",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K29H",
        "0458"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "HP2 스포츠",
        "카본 박서 슈퍼바이크",
        "K29H"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW HP2 Sport",
        "HP2 Sport K29H"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 133,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW HP2 Sport (K29H DOHC) (2008–2010) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW HP2 Sport (K29H DOHC) (2008–2010) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-hp2-sport/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-hp2-sport/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-hp2-sport.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-12",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 12 Cruiser (KR3)",
      "model_ko": "R 12 크루저 (KR3)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KR3",
        "0N31"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알트웰브",
        "비엠 R12",
        "R12 크루저"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 12",
        "R12 Cruiser KR3"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 110,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19",
        "rear_size": "150/80-16",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 754,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 227,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 12 Cruiser (KR3) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 12 Cruiser (KR3) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-12/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-12/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-12.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-12-gs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 12 G/S (KR4)",
      "model_ko": "R 12 G/S (알트웰브 G/S)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KR4",
        "0N41"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R12GS",
        "알트웰브GS",
        "신형 어반GS KR4"
      ],
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        "BMW R 12 G/S",
        "R12 GS KR4"
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      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 109,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 12 G/S (KR4) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 12 G/S (KR4) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-12-gs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-12-gs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-12-gs.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-12-ninet",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 12 nineT (KR1)",
      "model_ko": "R 12 nineT (알트웰브 나인티)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KR1",
        "0N11"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R12나인티",
        "알트웰브나인티",
        "신형 알나인티 KR1"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 12 nineT",
        "R12 nineT KR1"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 109,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 220,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 12 nineT (KR1) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 12 nineT (KR1) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-12-ninet/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-12-ninet/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-12-ninet.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-c",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 C Cruiser (259C)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 C 크루저 (007 본드 바이크)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1997–2004",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "259C",
        "0424",
        "0309"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R1200C",
        "007 크루저",
        "몬타우크 크루저"
      ],
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        "BMW R 1200 C",
        "R1200C Montauk 259C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 61,
      "power_rpm": 5000,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
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        "with_filter_l": 3.75,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
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        "filter_oem_code": "11421460845 / HF163",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18",
        "rear_size": "170/80-15",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK BKR7EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 256,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 C Cruiser (259C) (1997–2004) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 C Cruiser (259C) (1997–2004) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1200-c/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1200-c/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1200-c.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-gs-adventure-k255",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 GS Adventure (K255 Air/Oil)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 GS 어드벤처 공·유랭 (K255)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2006–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K255",
        "0382",
        "0470"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "공랭 어드방",
        "유랭 어드방",
        "K255 어드벤처"
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        "BMW R 1200 GS Adventure K255",
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      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 120,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
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        "with_filter_l": 4,
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        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 256,
        "fuel_tank_l": 33,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
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      "intervals": {
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 GS Adventure (K255 Air/Oil) (2006–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 GS Adventure (K255 Air/Oil) (2006–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1200-gs-adventure-k255/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1200-gs-adventure-k255/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-gs-adventure-lc",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 GS Adventure LC (K51)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 GS 어드벤처 수랭 (K51)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2014–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K51",
        "0A02",
        "0A42"
      ],
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        "수랭 어드방",
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      "power_hp": 125,
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      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / 11425B69258 (HF160)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 42,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 70W-80 / 75W-90 (180 ml exact)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J / LMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / BMW AGM 12Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 263,
        "fuel_tank_l": 30,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 GS Adventure LC (K51) (2014–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 GS Adventure LC (K51) (2014–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1200-gs-adventure-lc/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-gs-k25",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 GS (K25 Air/Oil)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 GS 공·유랭 (K25)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2004–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K25",
        "0307",
        "0450"
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        "공랭 R1200GS",
        "유랭 1200GS",
        "캠헤드 R1200GS"
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      "power_hp": 110,
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      "torque_nm": 120,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
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      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
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        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
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        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 GS (K25 Air/Oil) (2004–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 GS (K25 Air/Oil) (2004–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1200-gs-k25/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1200-gs-k25/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1200-gs-k25.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-gs-lc",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 GS LC (K50)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 GS 수랭 (K50)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2013–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K50",
        "0A01",
        "0A51"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "수랭 R1200GS",
        "물박서 GS",
        "R1200GS K50"
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      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 1200 GS LC",
        "R1200GS Water Boxer K50"
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      "power_hp": 125,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
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        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 70W-80 / 75W-90 (180 ml exact)"
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J / LMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / BMW AGM 12Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 244,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 GS LC (K50) (2013–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 GS LC (K50) (2013–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-r-k27",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 R (K27 Air/Oil)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 R 공·유랭 (K27)",
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        "K27",
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        "0400"
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        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.2
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 R (K27 Air/Oil) (2006–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 R (K27 Air/Oil) (2006–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-r-lc",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 R LC (K53)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 R 수랭 (K53)",
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        "K53",
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J / LMAR8AI-10",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "wet_weight_kg": 231,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "BMW R 1200 R LC (K53) (2015–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-rs-lc",
      "tier": "tier2",
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      "model": "R 1200 RS LC (K54)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 RS 수랭 (K54)",
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        "K54",
        "0A05",
        "0A55"
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        "수랭 R1200RS",
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        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 70W-80 / 75W-90 (180 ml exact)"
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      "tires": {
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J / LMAR8AI-10",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / BMW AGM 12Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "wet_weight_kg": 236,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
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        "valve_check_km": 20000
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 RS LC (K54) (2015–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 RS LC (K54) (2015–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1200-rs-lc/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-rt-k26",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 RT (K26 Air/Oil)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 RT 공·유랭 (K26)",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "K26",
        "0368",
        "0430"
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        "공랭 알티",
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        "R1200RT Camhead"
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        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
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        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 259,
        "fuel_tank_l": 25,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 RT (K26 Air/Oil) (2005–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 RT (K26 Air/Oil) (2005–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1200-rt-k26/",
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1200-rt-k26.json"
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    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-rt-lc",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 RT LC (K52)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 RT 수랭 (K52)",
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      "years_covered": "2014–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K52",
        "0A03",
        "0A53"
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        "수랭 알티",
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        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / 11425B69258 (HF160)",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 42,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 70W-80 / 75W-90 (180 ml exact)"
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        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J / LMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
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        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
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        "fuel_tank_l": 25,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 RT LC (K52) (2014–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 RT LC (K52) (2014–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
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      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
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      "model": "R 1200 S (K29)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 S (K29 스포츠 박서)",
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        "K29",
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        "R1200S",
        "알천이백S",
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        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
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        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
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        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 213,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 S (K29) (2006–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 S (K29) (2006–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1200-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1200-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1200-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1200-st",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1200 ST (K28)",
      "model_ko": "R 1200 ST (K28)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2005–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K28",
        "0328"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R1200ST",
        "알천이백ST",
        "수직 헤드램프 ST"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 1200 ST",
        "R1200ST K28"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1200 ST (K28) (2005–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1200 ST (K28) (2005–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1200-st/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1200-st/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1200-st.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-ninet",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R nineT / R 12 nineT (K21 / KR1)",
      "model_ko": "R nineT (알나인티 K21)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2014–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K21 (R nineT)",
        "K22/K23 (Pure/Scrambler)",
        "KR1 (R 12 nineT)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알나인티",
        "R nineT",
        "R 12 nineT",
        "알나인티 퓨어",
        "알나인티 스크램블러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "R nineT",
        "R 12 nineT",
        "BMW R9T",
        "K21",
        "0J01"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 109,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 116,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / JASO MA2 (BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50 — No Moly Additives)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / 11425B79146 (Mahle OC 306 / HF164)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Synthetic Hypoid GL-5 (~700–800 ml until flush with lower filler threads)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 75W-90 / 70W-80 (180 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS (Twin-Spark DOHC Boxer)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 12V 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 221,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad R nineT (K21 / 0J01) 및 R 12 nineT 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad R nineT (K21 / 0J01) & R 12 nineT Official Rider’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-ninet/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-ninet/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-ninet.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-ninet-pure",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R nineT Pure (K22)",
      "model_ko": "R nineT 퓨어 (K22)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K22",
        "0J11",
        "0L61"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알나인티 퓨어",
        "R9T 퓨어",
        "K22 퓨어"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R nineT Pure",
        "R9T Pure K22"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 109,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 116,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 219,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R nineT Pure (K22) (2017–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R nineT Pure (K22) (2017–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-pure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-pure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-pure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-ninet-racer",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R nineT Racer (K32)",
      "model_ko": "R nineT 레이서 (K32)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K32",
        "0J21"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알나인티 레이서",
        "R9T 레이서",
        "로켓카울 알나인티"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R nineT Racer",
        "R9T Racer K32"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 116,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 220,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R nineT Racer (K32) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R nineT Racer (K32) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-racer/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-racer/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-racer.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-ninet-scrambler",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R nineT Scrambler (K23)",
      "model_ko": "R nineT 스크램블러 (K23)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K23",
        "0J31",
        "0L71"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알나인티 스크램블러",
        "R9T 스크램블러",
        "K23 스크램블러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R nineT Scrambler",
        "R9T Scrambler K23"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 109,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 116,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 220,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R nineT Scrambler (K23) (2016–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R nineT Scrambler (K23) (2016–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-scrambler/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-scrambler/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-scrambler.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-ninet-urban-gs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R nineT Urban G/S (K33)",
      "model_ko": "R nineT 어반 G/S (K33)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K33",
        "0J41",
        "0L91"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알나인티 어반GS",
        "어반G/S",
        "R9T 어반"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R nineT Urban G/S",
        "R9T Urban GS K33"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1170,
      "power_hp": 109,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 116,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 800,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8B-JDS / DCPR8EKC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 221,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R nineT Urban G/S (K33) (2017–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R nineT Urban G/S (K33) (2017–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-urban-gs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-urban-gs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-ninet-urban-gs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1200-lt",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1200 LT (K589)",
      "model_ko": "K 1200 LT (럭셔리 투어러 브릭)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "1999–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K589",
        "K2LT",
        "0545",
        "0549"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "K1200LT",
        "비엠 플라잉브릭 투어러",
        "골드윙 라이벌 LT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1200 LT",
        "K1200LT Flying Brick"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1171,
      "power_hp": 116,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 120,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.75,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11421460845 / HF163",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 850,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (850 ml separate 5-speed + electric reverse)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 230,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "160/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 310
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 387,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW K 1200 LT (K589) (1999–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW K 1200 LT (K589) (1999–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-k-1200-lt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-k-1200-lt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1200-lt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1250-gs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1250 GS (K50)",
      "model_ko": "R 1250 GS (알천이백오십GS)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K50",
        "0J91",
        "0M01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R1250GS",
        "알천이백오십GS",
        "일쩜이오GS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 1250 GS",
        "R1250GS K50"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1254,
      "power_hp": 136,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 143,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / 11425B69258 (HF160)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 42,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 70W-80 / 75W-90 (180 ml exact)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J / LMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / BMW AGM 12Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 249,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1250 GS (K50) (2019–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1250 GS (K50) (2019–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1250-gs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1250-gs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1250-gs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1250-gs-adventure",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1250 GS Adventure (K51)",
      "model_ko": "R 1250 GS 어드벤처 (K51)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K51 (GSA)",
        "0J51",
        "K50 (R 1250 GS)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R1250GSA",
        "어드반",
        "1250 어드벤처",
        "알천이백오십GS",
        "R 1250 GS 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "R1250GSA",
        "BMW R 1250 GSA",
        "K51",
        "0J51",
        "R1250GS K50"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1254,
      "power_hp": 136,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 143,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (일부 딜러 혹서기 대체유 — 시프트캠 유압 반응성은 5W-40 순정 권장)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher (BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40 — No Moly)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 (Mahle OC 619 / HF160)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 42,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 75W-90 / 70W-80 (180 ml exact — NEVER 200+ ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R19 M/C 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60R17 M/C 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / BMW 12V 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 268,
        "fuel_tank_l": 30,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad R 1250 GS Adventure (K51 / 0J51) 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad R 1250 GS Adventure (K51 / 0J51) Official Rider’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1250-gs-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1250-gs-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1250-gs-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1250-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1250 R (K53)",
      "model_ko": "R 1250 R (알천이백오십알)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K53",
        "0J71",
        "0M71"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R1250R",
        "알천이백오십R",
        "박서 로드스터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 1250 R",
        "R1250R K53"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1254,
      "power_hp": 136,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 143,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / 11425B69258 (HF160)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 42,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 70W-80 / 75W-90 (180 ml exact)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J / LMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / BMW AGM 12Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 239,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1250 R (K53) (2019–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1250 R (K53) (2019–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1250-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1250-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1250-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1250-rs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1250 RS (K54)",
      "model_ko": "R 1250 RS (알천이백오십RS)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2019–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K54",
        "0J81",
        "0M81"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R1250RS",
        "알천이백오십RS",
        "박서 스포츠투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 1250 RS",
        "R1250RS K54"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1254,
      "power_hp": 136,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 143,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / 11425B69258 (HF160)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 42,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 70W-80 / 75W-90 (180 ml exact)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8D-J / LMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / BMW AGM 12Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 243,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1250 RS (K54) (2019–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1250 RS (K54) (2019–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1250-rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1250-rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1250-rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-1250-rt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 1250 RT (K52)",
      "model_ko": "R 1250 RT (K52)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2019–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K52",
        "0J61",
        "0L01 (2021+ 10.25\" TFT & ACC)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R1250RT",
        "알티",
        "BMW RT",
        "알천이백오십RT"
      ],
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        "R1250RT",
        "BMW RT",
        "K52",
        "0J61",
        "0L01"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1254,
      "power_hp": 136,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 143,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher (BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 (Mahle OC 619 / HF160)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 42,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil G3 SAE 75W-90 / 70W-80 (180 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 12V 16Ah AGM (51913 / Exide)",
        "battery_spec": "12V 16.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 279,
        "fuel_tank_l": 25,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad R 1250 RT (K52 / 0L01) 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad R 1250 RT (K52 / 0L01) Official Rider’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1250-rt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1250-rt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1250-rt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1300-gt",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1300 GT (K44)",
      "model_ko": "K 1300 GT (케이천삼백 GT)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2009–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K44",
        "0538"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "K1300GT",
        "케이천삼백GT",
        "4기통 GT 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1300 GT",
        "K1300GT K44"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1293,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 135,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427719357 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK KR9CI",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 288,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "BMW K 1300 GT (K44) (2009–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1300-gt.json"
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    },
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    },
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      "slug": "bmw-k-1300-s",
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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      "slug": "bmw-r-1300-r",
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        "en": "BMW R 1300 R (KA4) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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        "en": "BMW R 1300 RS (KA5) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "slug": "bmw-r-1300-rt",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / BMW AGM 12Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 281,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 1300 RT (KA3) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 1300 RT (KA3) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-1300-rt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-1300-rt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-1300-rt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1600-b",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1600 B Bagger (K61)",
      "model_ko": "K 1600 B 배거 (K61)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K61",
        "0F51",
        "0F41"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "K1600B",
        "케이천육백 배거",
        "6기통 배거"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1600 B",
        "K1600 Bagger K61"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1649,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 180,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427719357 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 344,
        "fuel_tank_l": 26.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW K 1600 B Bagger (K61) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW K 1600 B Bagger (K61) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-k-1600-b/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-k-1600-b/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1600-b.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1600-grand-america",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1600 Grand America (K61)",
      "model_ko": "K 1600 그랜드 아메리카 (K61)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K61",
        "0F53",
        "0F43"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "그랜드 아메리카",
        "K1600 그랜드아메리카",
        "6기통 풀투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1600 Grand America",
        "Grand America K61"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1649,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 180,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427719357 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 367,
        "fuel_tank_l": 26.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW K 1600 Grand America (K61) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW K 1600 Grand America (K61) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-k-1600-grand-america/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-k-1600-grand-america/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1600-grand-america.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1600-gt",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1600 GT (K48)",
      "model_ko": "K 1600 GT (케이천육백 GT)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2011–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K48",
        "0601",
        "0F01",
        "0F31"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "K1600GT",
        "6기통 스포츠투어러",
        "케이천육백GT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1600 GT",
        "K1600GT K48"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1649,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 180,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427719357 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 343,
        "fuel_tank_l": 26.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW K 1600 GT (K48) (2011–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW K 1600 GT (K48) (2011–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-k-1600-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-k-1600-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1600-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-k-1600-gtl",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "K 1600 GTL (K48)",
      "model_ko": "K 1600 GTL (케이천육백 GTL)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2011–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K48",
        "0602",
        "0F02",
        "0F32"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "K1600GTL",
        "케이천육백",
        "비엠 6기통 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW K 1600 GTL",
        "K1600GTL K48"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1649,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 180,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / BMW Advantec Ultimate 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427719357 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "Hypoid Axle Oil SAE 75W-90 (180 ml rear shaft drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 19Ah AGM / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 19.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 358,
        "fuel_tank_l": 26.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW K 1600 GTL (K48) (2011–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW K 1600 GTL (K48) (2011–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-k-1600-gtl/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-k-1600-gtl/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-k-1600-gtl.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-18",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 18 / R 18 Classic (K34)",
      "model_ko": "R 18 (알십팔 K34)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K34 (R 18 / Classic)",
        "0L11",
        "K35 (R 18 B / Transcontinental)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "알십팔",
        "BMW R18",
        "R 18 클래식",
        "R 18 배거 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R18",
        "R 18 First Edition",
        "K34",
        "0L11",
        "Big Boxer 1802"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1802,
      "power_hp": 91,
      "power_rpm": 4750,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / JASO MA2 (BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / 11425B79146 (HF164)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 1150,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 70W-80 Fuchs Titan EG 4218 / Hypoid G3 (1,150 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 70W-80 Hypoid Axle Oil G3 (210 ml rear bevel gear)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R19 M/C 60V",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 M/C 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 260,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 310
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8AI-10DS (Twin-Spark Big Boxer)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 12V 26Ah AGM (Heavy-Duty Cranking)",
        "battery_spec": "12V 26.0Ah Sealed Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 345,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW Motorrad R 18 (K34 / 0L11) 공식 라이더 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "BMW Motorrad R 18 (K34 / 0L11) Official Rider’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-18/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-18/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-18.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-18-b",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 18 B Bagger (K35)",
      "model_ko": "R 18 B 배거 (K35)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K35",
        "0L31"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R18B",
        "알십팔 배거",
        "비엠 배거"
      ],
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        "BMW R 18 B",
        "R18 Bagger K35"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1802,
      "power_hp": 91,
      "power_rpm": 4750,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 1100,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19",
        "rear_size": "180/65 B16",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 320,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 320
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8AI-10DS",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 26Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 26.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 398,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 18 B Bagger (K35) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 18 B Bagger (K35) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-18-b/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-18-b/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-18-b.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-18-classic",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 18 Classic (K34 Touring)",
      "model_ko": "R 18 클래식 (K34 투어링)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K34",
        "0L21"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R18 클래식",
        "알십팔 클래식",
        "빅박서 클래식"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 18 Classic",
        "R18 Classic K34"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1802,
      "power_hp": 91,
      "power_rpm": 4750,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 1100,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90 B16",
        "rear_size": "180/65 B16",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 260,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 260,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8AI-10DS",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 26Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 365,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 18 Classic (K34 Touring) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 18 Classic (K34 Touring) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-18-classic/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-18-classic/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-18-classic.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-18-roctane",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 18 Roctane (K35)",
      "model_ko": "R 18 록테인 (K35)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K35",
        "0L33"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R18 록테인",
        "알십팔 록테인",
        "블랙아웃 배거"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 18 Roctane",
        "R18 Roctane K35"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1802,
      "power_hp": 91,
      "power_rpm": 4750,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 1100,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 B21",
        "rear_size": "180/55 B18",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 320,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 320
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8AI-10DS",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 26Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 374,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 18 Roctane (K35) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 18 Roctane (K35) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-18-roctane/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-18-roctane/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-18-roctane.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "bmw-r-18-transcontinental",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "brand_ko": "BMW",
      "model": "R 18 Transcontinental (K35)",
      "model_ko": "R 18 트랜스콘티넨탈 (K35)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "K35",
        "0L41"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "R18 트랜스콘티넨탈",
        "알십팔 투어러",
        "비엠 풀드레스 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "BMW R 18 Transcontinental",
        "R18 Transcontinental K35"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1802,
      "power_hp": 91,
      "power_rpm": 4750,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ / BMW Advantec Pro 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.6,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427673541 / HF164",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 32,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 1100,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-5 (800 ml separate manual gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Hypoid Axle Oil (180 ml Paralever bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19",
        "rear_size": "180/65 B16",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 320,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 320
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR8AI-10DS",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "BMW 26Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 26.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 427,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "BMW R 18 Transcontinental (K35) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "BMW R 18 Transcontinental (K35) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/bmw-r-18-transcontinental/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/bmw-r-18-transcontinental/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/bmw-r-18-transcontinental.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-x350",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "X350 (353cc Parallel-Twin)",
      "model_ko": "X350 (플랫트래커 병렬 2기통)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "X350",
        "QJ350-13"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 X350",
        "XR750 오마주 X350"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley-Davidson X350",
        "HD X 350 Flat Tracker"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 353,
      "power_hp": 36,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 31,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.4,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700308 / HF554",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 22
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 777,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) X350 (353cc Parallel-Twin) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson X350 (353cc Parallel-Twin) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-x350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-x350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-x350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-x500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "X500 (500cc Parallel-Twin)",
      "model_ko": "X500 (수랭 병렬 2기통)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "X500",
        "QJ500-11"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 X500",
        "할리데이비슨 500 로드스터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley-Davidson X500",
        "HD X 500 Roadster"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 500,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 46,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700309 / HF554",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 22
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60ZR17 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 208,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) X500 (500cc Parallel-Twin) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson X500 (500cc Parallel-Twin) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-x500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-x500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-x500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-750",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street 750 (XG750 Revolution X)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 750 (XG750)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2015–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XG750"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 스트리트 750",
        "XG750",
        "입문용 수랭 할리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street 750",
        "XG750 Revolution X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 749,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 59,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700045 / HF171B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 52H",
        "rear_size": "140/75R15 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 / NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14L-BS / HD 65958-04B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 233,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street 750 (XG750 Revolution X) (2015–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street 750 (XG750 Revolution X) (2015–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-rod-750",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Rod 750 (XG750A High-Output)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 로드 750 (XG750A)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XG750A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트로드 750",
        "할리 XG750A",
        "고출력 스트리트 750"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Rod 750",
        "XG750A High Output"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 749,
      "power_hp": 68,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 65,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700045 / HF171B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R17 58V",
        "rear_size": "160/60R17 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 / NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14L-BS / HD 65958-04B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 238,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Rod 750 (XG750A High-Output) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Rod 750 (XG750A High-Output) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-rod-750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-rod-750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-rod-750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-883r-roadster",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Sportster 883R Roadster (XL883R)",
      "model_ko": "스포스터 883R 로드스터 (XL883R)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2005–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL883R"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스포스터 883R",
        "체커기 할리 883R",
        "XL883R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Sportster 883R",
        "XL883R Roadster"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 883,
      "power_hp": 53,
      "power_rpm": 5900,
      "torque_nm": 70,
      "torque_rpm": 3750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 260,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Sportster 883R Roadster (XL883R) (2005–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sportster 883R Roadster (XL883R) (2005–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-883r-roadster/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-883r-roadster/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-883r-roadster.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-iron-883",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Iron 883 (XL883N Evolution)",
      "model_ko": "아이언 883 (XL883N)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2014–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL883N",
        "LE2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아이언 883",
        "할리 883",
        "스포스터 883",
        "XL883N"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Iron 883",
        "XL883N",
        "Sportster 883 Evo"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 883,
      "power_hp": 51,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A (Chrome) / 63731-99A (Black) / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox; primary magnetic drain plug 19–40 N·m)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm (0.038–0.043 in)",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM (Left-Side Negative Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 256,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Sportster Models (XL883N) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sportster Models (XL883N) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-iron-883/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-iron-883/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-iron-883.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-sportster-883-custom",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Sportster 883 Custom (XL883C)",
      "model_ko": "스포스터 883 커스텀 (XL883C)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2004–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL883C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "883 커스텀",
        "21인치 스포스터 883C",
        "XL883C"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley 883 Custom",
        "Sportster XL883C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 883,
      "power_hp": 52,
      "power_rpm": 5800,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 3750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MH90-21 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 260,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Sportster 883 Custom (XL883C) (2004–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sportster 883 Custom (XL883C) (2004–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-sportster-883-custom/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-sportster-883-custom/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-sportster-883-custom.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-superlow-883",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "SuperLow 883 (XL883L Evolution)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼로우 883 (XL883L)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2011–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL883L"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "슈퍼로우 883",
        "할리 XL883L",
        "883 로우"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley SuperLow 883",
        "Sportster XL883L"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 883,
      "power_hp": 51,
      "power_rpm": 5750,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 3750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR18 59W",
        "rear_size": "150/60ZR17 66W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 256,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) SuperLow 883 (XL883L Evolution) (2011–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson SuperLow 883 (XL883L Evolution) (2011–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-superlow-883/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-superlow-883/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-superlow-883.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-nightster-975",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Nightster / Nightster Special (RH975)",
      "model_ko": "나이트스터 975 (RH975)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH975",
        "RH975S (Special)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "나이트스터",
        "나이트스터 975",
        "나이트스터 스페셜",
        "RH975"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Nightster 975",
        "RH975",
        "RH975S",
        "Nightster Special"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 975,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 95,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50 (Screamin’ Eagle SYN3)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN+ / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic (H-D SYN Blend 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700280 (Revolution Max Specific)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 22
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 214,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 214,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 31600190 (Single-Plug per Cylinder on 975T)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 66000340 AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 705,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 221,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Nightster (RH975 / RH975S) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Nightster (RH975 / RH975S) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-nightster-975/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-nightster-975/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-nightster-975.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-rod-vrscr-1130",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Rod 1130 (VRSCR Revolution)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 로드 1130 (VRSCR)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2006–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VRSCR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브이로드 스트리트로드 1130",
        "VRSCR",
        "미드컨트롤 브이로드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley VRSCR Street Rod",
        "V-Rod Street Rod 1130"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1131,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63793-01K / HF174C",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR19 60W",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR18 74W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 10R12A / NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / HD 65948-00A",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 762,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 292,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Rod 1130 (VRSCR Revolution) (2006–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Rod 1130 (VRSCR Revolution) (2006–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-rod-vrscr-1130/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-rod-vrscr-1130/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-rod-vrscr-1130.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-vrsca-v-rod-1130",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "V-Rod 1130 (VRSCA / VRSCB Revolution)",
      "model_ko": "브이로드 1130 (VRSCA 초기형)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2002–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VRSCA",
        "VRSCB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "초기형 브이로드 1130",
        "알루미늄 브이로드 VRSCA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley VRSCA V-Rod 1130",
        "Original 1130 V-Rod"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1131,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63793-01K / HF174C",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR19 60W",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR18 74W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 10R12A / NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / HD 65948-00A",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 5 (Silicone)"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 285,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) V-Rod 1130 (VRSCA / VRSCB Revolution) (2002–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson V-Rod 1130 (VRSCA / VRSCB Revolution) (2002–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-vrsca-v-rod-1130/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-vrsca-v-rod-1130/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-vrsca-v-rod-1130.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-forty-eight",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Forty-Eight (XL1200X Evolution)",
      "model_ko": "포티에잇 (XL1200X)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2016–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200X",
        "LC3"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "포티에잇",
        "할리 48",
        "XL1200X",
        "스포스터 1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Forty-Eight",
        "Harley 48",
        "XL1200X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 66,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 96,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF170B)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox; primary magnetic drain plug 19–40 N·m)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm (0.038–0.043 in)",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM (Left-Side Negative Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 252,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Sportster Models (XL1200X Forty-Eight) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sportster Models (XL1200X Forty-Eight) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-forty-eight/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-forty-eight/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-forty-eight.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-forty-eight-special",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Forty-Eight Special (XL1200XS)",
      "model_ko": "포티에잇 스페셜 (XL1200XS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200XS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "포티에잇 스페셜",
        "할리 XL1200XS",
        "톨보이 핸들 포티에잇"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Forty-Eight Special",
        "Sportster XL1200XS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 66,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 96,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 705,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 256,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Forty-Eight Special (XL1200XS) (2018–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Forty-Eight Special (XL1200XS) (2018–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-forty-eight-special/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-forty-eight-special/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-forty-eight-special.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-iron-1200",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Iron 1200 (XL1200NS Evolution)",
      "model_ko": "아이언 1200 (XL1200NS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200NS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아이언 1200",
        "스포스터 아이언 1200",
        "XL1200NS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Iron 1200",
        "Sportster XL1200NS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 66,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 96,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 256,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Iron 1200 (XL1200NS Evolution) (2018–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Iron 1200 (XL1200NS Evolution) (2018–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-iron-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-iron-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-iron-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-nightster-1200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Sportster 1200 Nightster (XL1200N)",
      "model_ko": "스포스터 1200 나이트스터 (XL1200N)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2007–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200N"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 공랭 나이트스터 1200",
        "XL1200N",
        "스포스터 나이트스터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley XL1200N Nightster",
        "Air-Cooled Nightster 1200"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 66,
      "power_rpm": 5750,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 3200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 676,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 255,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Sportster 1200 Nightster (XL1200N) (2007–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sportster 1200 Nightster (XL1200N) (2007–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-nightster-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-nightster-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-nightster-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-roadster-1200",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Roadster 1200 (XL1200CX Sportster)",
      "model_ko": "로드스터 1200 (XL1200CX)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200CX"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스포스터 로드스터 1200",
        "할리 로드스터",
        "XL1200CX"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Roadster 1200",
        "Sportster XL1200CX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 67,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 97,
      "torque_rpm": 4250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 259,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Roadster 1200 (XL1200CX Sportster) (2016–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Roadster 1200 (XL1200CX Sportster) (2016–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-roadster-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-roadster-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-roadster-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-seventy-two-1200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Seventy-Two (XL1200V Chopper)",
      "model_ko": "세븐티투 (XL1200V 초퍼)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2012–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200V"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 세븐티투",
        "스포스터 72",
        "XL1200V"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Seventy-Two 1200",
        "Sportster XL1200V"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 5750,
      "torque_nm": 96,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MH90-21 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 253,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Seventy-Two (XL1200V Chopper) (2012–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Seventy-Two (XL1200V Chopper) (2012–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-seventy-two-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-seventy-two-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-seventy-two-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-sportster-1200-custom",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Sportster 1200 Custom (XL1200C)",
      "model_ko": "스포스터 1200 커스텀 (XL1200C)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2011–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200C",
        "XL1200CB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1200 커스텀",
        "스포스터 1200C",
        "XL1200C"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley 1200 Custom",
        "Sportster XL1200C"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 67,
      "power_rpm": 5750,
      "torque_nm": 96,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 725,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 268,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Sportster 1200 Custom (XL1200C) (2011–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sportster 1200 Custom (XL1200C) (2011–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-sportster-1200-custom/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-sportster-1200-custom/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-sportster-1200-custom.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-sportster-1200-low",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Sportster 1200 Low (XL1200L)",
      "model_ko": "스포스터 1200 로우 (XL1200L)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2006–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200L"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스포스터 1200 로우",
        "할리 XL1200L"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Sportster 1200 Low",
        "XL1200L"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 66,
      "power_rpm": 5750,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 3200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 676,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 261,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Sportster 1200 Low (XL1200L) (2006–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sportster 1200 Low (XL1200L) (2006–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-sportster-1200-low/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-sportster-1200-low/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-sportster-1200-low.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-superlow-1200t",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "SuperLow 1200T Touring (XL1200T)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼로우 1200T (XL1200T 투어링)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XL1200T"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "슈퍼로우 1200T",
        "스포스터 투어링 1200T",
        "XL1200T"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley SuperLow 1200T",
        "Sportster Touring XL1200T"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 67,
      "power_rpm": 5750,
      "torque_nm": 96,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR18 59W",
        "rear_size": "150/60ZR17 66W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 702,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 272,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) SuperLow 1200T Touring (XL1200T) (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson SuperLow 1200T Touring (XL1200T) (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-superlow-1200t/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-superlow-1200t/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-superlow-1200t.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-xr1200x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "XR1200X Sportster (Flat-Track Street)",
      "model_ko": "XR1200X (플랫트랙 스포츠)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2009–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XR1200",
        "XR1200X"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 XR1200X",
        "XR1200",
        "고출력 스포스터 XR1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley XR1200X",
        "Sportster XR1200"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1202,
      "power_hp": 90,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 3700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / HF170B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 1.0 US qt shared primary + 5-speed gearbox)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR18 59W",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65958-04B / YTX14L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah AGM (Reverse Left-Negative L Terminal)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 260,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) XR1200X Sportster (Flat-Track Street) (2009–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson XR1200X Sportster (Flat-Track Street) (2009–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-xr1200x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-xr1200x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-xr1200x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-night-rod-special-1250",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "V-Rod Night Rod Special (VRSCDX 1250)",
      "model_ko": "나이트로드 스페셜 (VRSCDX 1250)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2008–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VRSCDX"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "나이트로드 스페셜",
        "브이로드 나이트로드",
        "할리 브이로드",
        "VRSCDX"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Night Rod Special",
        "V-Rod VRSCDX 1250"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1247,
      "power_hp": 122,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63793-01K / HF174C",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR19 60W",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 10R12A / NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / HD 65948-00B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 675,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 302,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) V-Rod Night Rod Special (VRSCDX 1250) (2008–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson V-Rod Night Rod Special (VRSCDX 1250) (2008–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-night-rod-special-1250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-night-rod-special-1250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-night-rod-special-1250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-v-rod-muscle",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "V-Rod Muscle (VRSCF 1250 Revolution)",
      "model_ko": "브이로드 머슬 (VRSCF 1250)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2009–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VRSCF"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브이로드 머슬",
        "할리 VRSCF",
        "수랭 브이로드 머슬"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley V-Rod Muscle",
        "VRSCF 1250"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1247,
      "power_hp": 122,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 117,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63793-01K / HF174C",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR19 60W",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 10R12A / NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / HD 65948-00B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 705,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 307,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) V-Rod Muscle (VRSCF 1250 Revolution) (2009–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson V-Rod Muscle (VRSCF 1250 Revolution) (2009–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-v-rod-muscle/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-v-rod-muscle/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-v-rod-muscle.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-cvo-pan-america-1250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "CVO Pan America 1250 (RA1250SE)",
      "model_ko": "CVO 팬 아메리카 1250 (RA1250SE)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RA1250SE"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CVO 팬 아메리카",
        "팬아메리카 CVO",
        "RA1250SE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley CVO Pan America",
        "RA1250SE Adventure"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1252,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 128,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700280 / HF171B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 22
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60R17 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9 / HD 31600169",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 66000340 / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 299,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 40000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) CVO Pan America 1250 (RA1250SE) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson CVO Pan America 1250 (RA1250SE) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-cvo-pan-america-1250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-cvo-pan-america-1250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-cvo-pan-america-1250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-pan-america-1250",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Pan America 1250 Special (RA1250S)",
      "model_ko": "팬 아메리카 1250 스페셜 (RA1250S)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RA1250S (Special)",
        "RA1250"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "팬아메리카",
        "팬 아메리카 1250",
        "할리 어드벤처",
        "RA1250S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Pan America 1250",
        "RA1250S",
        "RA1250",
        "Pan America CVO"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1252,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 128,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50 (Screamin’ Eagle SYN3)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN+ / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700280 (Revolution Max Specific)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 22
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60R17 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 31600190 (Dual-Plug Revolution Max 1250)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 66000340 / Upgraded AGM (2024+)",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah–14.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 258,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Pan America 1250 / Special (RA1250 / RA1250S) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Pan America 1250 / Special (RA1250S) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-pan-america-1250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-pan-america-1250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-pan-america-1250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-pan-america-1250-base",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Pan America 1250 Standard (RA1250)",
      "model_ko": "팬 아메리카 1250 스탠다드 (RA1250)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RA1250"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "팬 아메리카 1250 기본형",
        "팬아메리카 스탠다드",
        "RA1250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Pan America 1250 Base",
        "RA1250 Standard"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1252,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 128,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700280 / HF171B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 22
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60R17 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9 / HD 31600169",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 66000340 / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 245,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 40000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Pan America 1250 Standard (RA1250) (2021–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Pan America 1250 Standard (RA1250) (2021–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-pan-america-1250-base/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-pan-america-1250-base/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-pan-america-1250-base.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-sportster-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Sportster S (RH1250S Revolution Max)",
      "model_ko": "스포스터 S (RH1250S)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RH1250S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 스포스터S",
        "신형 수랭 스포스터",
        "RH1250S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley-Davidson RH1250S",
        "Sportster S 1250T"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1252,
      "power_hp": 121,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 20W-50 (SYN3)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN+ / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700280 (Revolution Max Specific)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 22
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "160/70TR17 73V",
        "rear_size": "180/70R16 77V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 31600190 (Dual-Plug DOHC)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 66000340 AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 228,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Sportster RH Models (RH1250S) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sportster RH Models (RH1250S) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-sportster-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-sportster-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-sportster-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-evo-fat-boy-1340",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Fat Boy 1340 Evolution (FLSTF Evo Big Twin)",
      "model_ko": "팻보이 1340 에볼루션 (FLSTF 에보 빅트윈)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1990–1999",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSTF (Evo 80)",
        "FLSTC (Evo 80)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "에보 팻보이 1340",
        "터미네이터2 팻보이",
        "에볼루션 빅트윈 1340"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Evo Fat Boy 1340",
        "1990–1999 FLSTF Evolution 80"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1338,
      "power_hp": 56,
      "power_rpm": 5000,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63796-77A / HF170C (Evo 30-Micron Filter!)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 710,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "MT90B16 74H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 248,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 5R6A / NGK BPR5ES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20L-BS / HD 65989-97",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 5 (Silicone)"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 685,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 309,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Fat Boy 1340 Evolution (FLSTF Evo Big Twin) (1990–1999) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Fat Boy 1340 Evolution (FLSTF Evo Big Twin) (1990–1999) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-evo-fat-boy-1340/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-evo-fat-boy-1340/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-evo-fat-boy-1340.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-dyna-super-glide-sport-fxdx",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Dyna Super Glide Sport (FXDX Twin Cam 88)",
      "model_ko": "다이나 슈퍼 글라이드 스포츠 (FXDX 88)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "1999–2005",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXDX",
        "FXDXT (T-Sport)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다이나 FXDX",
        "썬즈오브아나키 다이나 FXDX",
        "트윈캠 88 스포츠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Dyna FXDX",
        "Super Glide Sport TC88"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1449,
      "power_hp": 68,
      "power_rpm": 5200,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 3400,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 770,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 710,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 248,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 5 (Silicone)"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 298,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Dyna Super Glide Sport (FXDX Twin Cam 88) (1999–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Dyna Super Glide Sport (FXDX Twin Cam 88) (1999–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-dyna-super-glide-sport-fxdx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-dyna-super-glide-sport-fxdx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-dyna-super-glide-sport-fxdx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-cross-bones-96",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Cross Bones 96 (FLSTSB Springer)",
      "model_ko": "크로스 본즈 96 (FLSTSB 스프링거)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2008–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSTSB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 크로스본즈",
        "스프링거 크로스본즈",
        "FLSTSB"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Cross Bones",
        "Softail Springer FLSTSB"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1584,
      "power_hp": 71,
      "power_rpm": 5100,
      "torque_nm": 120,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "200/55R17 78V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 676,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 332,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Cross Bones 96 (FLSTSB Springer) (2008–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Cross Bones 96 (FLSTSB Springer) (2008–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-cross-bones-96/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-cross-bones-96/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-cross-bones-96.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-dyna-super-glide-custom",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Dyna Super Glide Custom (FXDC TC96)",
      "model_ko": "다이나 슈퍼 글라이드 커스텀 (FXDC)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2007–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXDC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다이나 슈퍼글라이드 커스텀",
        "할리 FXDC",
        "슈퍼글라이드 96"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Dyna Super Glide Custom",
        "FXDC Twin Cam 96/103"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1584,
      "power_hp": 71,
      "power_rpm": 5200,
      "torque_nm": 122,
      "torque_rpm": 3100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 950,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "160/70B17 73V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 308,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Dyna Super Glide Custom (FXDC TC96) (2007–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Dyna Super Glide Custom (FXDC TC96) (2007–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-dyna-super-glide-custom/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-dyna-super-glide-custom/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-dyna-super-glide-custom.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-night-train-96",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Night Train (FXSTB Twin Cam 88B/96B)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 나이트 트레인 (FXSTB)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2000–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXSTB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 나이트트레인",
        "소프테일 FXSTB"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Softail Night Train",
        "FXSTB Twin Cam"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1584,
      "power_hp": 71,
      "power_rpm": 5100,
      "torque_nm": 120,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MH90-21 54H",
        "rear_size": "200/55R17 78V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 303,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Night Train (FXSTB Twin Cam 88B/96B) (2000–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Night Train (FXSTB Twin Cam 88B/96B) (2000–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-night-train-96/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-night-train-96/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-night-train-96.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-rocker-c-96",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Rocker C 96 (FXCWC Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 로커 C 96 (FXCWC)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2008–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXCWC",
        "FXCW"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 로커 C",
        "소프테일 로커 FXCWC",
        "히든 동승석 로커C"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Rocker C 96",
        "Softail FXCWC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1584,
      "power_hp": 71,
      "power_rpm": 5100,
      "torque_nm": 117,
      "torque_rpm": 3200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-19 52H",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 642,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 322,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Rocker C 96 (FXCWC Twin Cam) (2008–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Rocker C 96 (FXCWC Twin Cam) (2008–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-rocker-c-96/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-rocker-c-96/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-rocker-c-96.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-softail-springer-classic",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Springer Classic 88/96 (FLSTSC)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 스프링거 클래식 (FLSTSC)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2005–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSTSC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스프링거 클래식",
        "할리 스프링거 FLSTSC"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Softail Springer Classic",
        "FLSTSC Springer"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1584,
      "power_hp": 70,
      "power_rpm": 5100,
      "torque_nm": 118,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 658,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 339,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Springer Classic 88/96 (FLSTSC) (2005–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Springer Classic 88/96 (FLSTSC) (2005–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-softail-springer-classic/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-softail-springer-classic/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-softail-springer-classic.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-blackline-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Blackline (FXS Twin Cam 96B/103B)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 블랙라인 (FXS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2011–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 블랙라인",
        "소프테일 FXS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Softail Blackline",
        "FXS 96B / 103B"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MH90-21 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/85B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 310,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Blackline (FXS Twin Cam 96B/103B) (2011–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Blackline (FXS Twin Cam 96B/103B) (2011–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-blackline-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-blackline-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-blackline-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-breakout-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Breakout 103 (FXSB Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "브레이크아웃 103 (FXSB 트윈캠)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2013–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXSB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트윈캠 브레이크아웃 103",
        "구형 브레이크아웃 FXSB",
        "터빈휠 FXSB"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Breakout 103",
        "Softail FXSB Twin Cam"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B21 63H",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 320,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Breakout 103 (FXSB Twin Cam) (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Breakout 103 (FXSB Twin Cam) (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-breakout-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-breakout-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-breakout-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-dyna-fat-bob-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Dyna Fat Bob 103 (FXDF Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "다이나 팻밥 103 (FXDF)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2012–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXDF"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다이나 팻밥",
        "쌍라이트 팻밥 FXDF",
        "트윈캠 팻밥"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Dyna Fat Bob",
        "FXDF Twin Cam 96/103"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 77,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 127,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 950,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 67H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 320,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Dyna Fat Bob 103 (FXDF Twin Cam) (2012–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Dyna Fat Bob 103 (FXDF Twin Cam) (2012–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-dyna-fat-bob-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-dyna-fat-bob-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-dyna-fat-bob-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-dyna-low-rider-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Dyna Low Rider 103 (FXDL Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "다이나 로우라이더 103 (FXDL)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2014–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXDL"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다이나 로우라이더 103",
        "구형 FXDL 103",
        "트윈캠 로우라이더"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Dyna Low Rider 103",
        "FXDL Twin Cam 103"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 76,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 126,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 950,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "160/70B17 73V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 302,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Dyna Low Rider 103 (FXDL Twin Cam) (2014–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Dyna Low Rider 103 (FXDL Twin Cam) (2014–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-dyna-low-rider-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-dyna-low-rider-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-dyna-low-rider-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-dyna-street-bob-103",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Dyna Street Bob 103 (FXDB Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "다이나 스트리트 밥 103 (FXDB)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2013–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXDB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다이나 스트리트밥",
        "구형 다이나 스밥",
        "FXDB 103"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Dyna Street Bob",
        "FXDB Twin Cam 103"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 76,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 950,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "160/70B17 73V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 675,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 304,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Dyna Street Bob 103 (FXDB Twin Cam) (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Dyna Street Bob 103 (FXDB Twin Cam) (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-dyna-street-bob-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-dyna-street-bob-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-dyna-street-bob-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-dyna-switchback-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Dyna Switchback 103 (FLD Convertible)",
      "model_ko": "다이나 스위치백 103 (FLD)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2012–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLD"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다이나 스위치백",
        "할리 스위치백 FLD",
        "미니 로드킹 FLD"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Dyna Switchback 103",
        "FLD Switchback"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 76,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 126,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 950,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70B18 63H",
        "rear_size": "160/70B17 73H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 330,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Dyna Switchback 103 (FLD Convertible) (2012–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Dyna Switchback 103 (FLD Convertible) (2012–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-dyna-switchback-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-dyna-switchback-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-dyna-switchback-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-dyna-wide-glide-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Dyna Wide Glide 103 (FXDWG Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "다이나 와이드 글라이드 103 (FXDWG)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2012–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXDWG"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다이나 와이드글라이드",
        "불꽃 도색 FXDWG",
        "와글 103"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Dyna Wide Glide",
        "FXDWG Twin Cam 103"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 76,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 126,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 950,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/90-21 54H",
        "rear_size": "180/60B17 75V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 310,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Dyna Wide Glide 103 (FXDWG Twin Cam) (2012–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Dyna Wide Glide 103 (FXDWG Twin Cam) (2012–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-dyna-wide-glide-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-dyna-wide-glide-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-dyna-wide-glide-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-electra-glide-ultra-classic-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Electra Glide Ultra Classic 103 (FLHTCU TC)",
      "model_ko": "일렉트라 글라이드 울트라 클래식 103 (FLHTCU 트윈캠)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2011–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHTCU (TC103)",
        "FLHTK (TC103)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트윈캠 울트라 클래식 103",
        "울트라 리미티드 103 FLHTK"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Electra Glide Ultra Classic 103",
        "FLHTCU / FLHTK Twin Cam 103"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 87,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 138,
      "torque_rpm": 3750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 946,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80B17 65H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97C",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 411,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Electra Glide Ultra Classic 103 (FLHTCU TC) (2011–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Electra Glide Ultra Classic 103 (FLHTCU TC) (2011–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-electra-glide-ultra-classic-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-electra-glide-ultra-classic-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-electra-glide-ultra-classic-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-fat-boy-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Fat Boy 103 (FLSTF Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "팻보이 103 (FLSTF 트윈캠)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2012–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSTF"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트윈캠 팻보이 103",
        "구형 팻보이 FLSTF",
        "불렛홀 휠 팻보이"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Fat Boy 103",
        "Softail FLSTF Twin Cam"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 132,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "140/75R17 67V",
        "rear_size": "200/55R17 78V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 330,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Fat Boy 103 (FLSTF Twin Cam) (2012–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Fat Boy 103 (FLSTF Twin Cam) (2012–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-fat-boy-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-fat-boy-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-fat-boy-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-fat-boy-lo-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Fat Boy Lo 103 / Fat Boy S 110 (FLSTFB)",
      "model_ko": "팻보이 로우 103 / 팻보이 S (FLSTFB)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2010–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSTFB",
        "FLSTFBS (110 S)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "팻보이 스페셜 103",
        "팻보이 로우 FLSTFB",
        "팻보이 S 110"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Fat Boy Lo 103",
        "Fat Boy Special FLSTFB",
        "FLSTFBS 110"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 77,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 132,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "140/75R17 67V",
        "rear_size": "200/55R17 78V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 670,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 331,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Fat Boy Lo 103 / Fat Boy S 110 (FLSTFB) (2010–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Fat Boy Lo 103 / Fat Boy S 110 (FLSTFB) (2010–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-fat-boy-lo-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-fat-boy-lo-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-fat-boy-lo-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-heritage-softail-classic-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Heritage Softail Classic 103 (FLSTC)",
      "model_ko": "헤리티지 소프테일 클래식 103 (FLSTC)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2012–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSTC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "헤리티지 소프테일 클래식",
        "트윈캠 헤리티지 103",
        "FLSTC"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Heritage Softail Classic 103",
        "FLSTC Twin Cam"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 347,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Heritage Softail Classic 103 (FLSTC) (2012–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Heritage Softail Classic 103 (FLSTC) (2012–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-heritage-softail-classic-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-heritage-softail-classic-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-heritage-softail-classic-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-glide-custom-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road Glide Custom / Special 103 (FLTRX)",
      "model_ko": "로드 글라이드 커스텀 / 스페셜 103 (FLTRX)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2011–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRX (TC103)",
        "FLTRXS (2015–2016)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트윈캠 로드글라이드 103",
        "러쉬모어 로글 103",
        "FLTRX 103"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road Glide 103",
        "FLTRX / FLTRXS Twin Cam 103"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 138,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 946,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97C",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 385,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road Glide Custom / Special 103 (FLTRX) (2011–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road Glide Custom / Special 103 (FLTRX) (2011–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-glide-custom-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-glide-custom-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-glide-custom-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-king-classic-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road King Classic 103 (FLHRC Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "로드킹 클래식 103 (FLHRC 가죽백)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2011–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHRC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드킹 클래식 103",
        "가죽 새들백 로드킹 FLHRC"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road King Classic 103",
        "FLHRC Twin Cam"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 84,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 138,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 946,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97C",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 371,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road King Classic 103 (FLHRC Twin Cam) (2011–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road King Classic 103 (FLHRC Twin Cam) (2011–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-king-classic-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-king-classic-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-king-classic-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-softail-deluxe-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Deluxe 103 (FLSTN Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 디럭스 103 (FLSTN 트윈캠)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2012–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSTN"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트윈캠 소프테일 디럭스",
        "구형 디럭스 FLSTN",
        "치카노 커스텀 FLSTN"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Softail Deluxe 103",
        "FLSTN Twin Cam"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "MU85B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 670,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 330,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Deluxe 103 (FLSTN Twin Cam) (2012–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Deluxe 103 (FLSTN Twin Cam) (2012–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-softail-deluxe-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-softail-deluxe-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-softail-deluxe-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-softail-slim-103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Slim 103 / Slim S 110 (FLS)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 슬림 103 / 슬림 S (FLS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2012–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLS",
        "FLSS (110 S)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트윈캠 소프테일 슬림",
        "밀리터리 슬림 S 110",
        "FLS / FLSS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Softail Slim 103",
        "Softail Slim S FLSS 110"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 132,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "140/85B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 650,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 318,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Slim 103 / Slim S 110 (FLS) (2012–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Slim 103 / Slim S 110 (FLS) (2012–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-softail-slim-103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-softail-slim-103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-softail-slim-103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-glide-tc103",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Glide 103 (FLHX Rushmore Twin Cam)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 글라이드 103 (FLHX 트윈캠)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2014–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHX (TC103)",
        "FLHXS (Special 103)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트윈캠 스트리트글라이드 103",
        "러쉬모어 스글 103",
        "FLHX 103"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Glide 103",
        "Rushmore FLHX / FLHXS 103"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1690,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5010,
      "torque_nm": 138,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1120,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 946,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97C",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 372,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Glide 103 (FLHX Rushmore Twin Cam) (2014–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Glide 103 (FLHX Rushmore Twin Cam) (2014–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-glide-tc103/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-glide-tc103/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-glide-tc103.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-breakout-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Breakout 107 (FXBR 2018–2019)",
      "model_ko": "브레이크아웃 107 (FXBR)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXBR (107)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브레이크아웃 107",
        "소프테일 FXBR 107"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Breakout 107",
        "2018–2019 FXBR 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B21 63H",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 665,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 305,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Breakout 107 (FXBR 2018–2019) (2018–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Breakout 107 (FXBR 2018–2019) (2018–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-breakout-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-breakout-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-breakout-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-deluxe-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Deluxe 107 (FLDE)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 디럭스 107 (FLDE)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2018–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLDE"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "소프테일 디럭스 107",
        "할리 디럭스 FLDE",
        "화이트월 디럭스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Softail Deluxe 107",
        "FLDE 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "MU85B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 316,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Deluxe 107 (FLDE) (2018–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Deluxe 107 (FLDE) (2018–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-deluxe-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-deluxe-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-deluxe-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-electra-glide-standard-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Electra Glide Standard 107 (FLHT)",
      "model_ko": "일렉트라 글라이드 스탠다드 107 (FLHT)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2019–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHT"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "일렉트라 글라이드 스탠다드",
        "할리 FLHT 107"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Electra Glide Standard",
        "FLHT 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 150,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80B17 65H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 372,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Electra Glide Standard 107 (FLHT) (2019–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Electra Glide Standard 107 (FLHT) (2019–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-electra-glide-standard-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-electra-glide-standard-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-electra-glide-standard-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-electra-glide-ultra-classic-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Electra Glide Ultra Classic 107 (FLHTCU)",
      "model_ko": "일렉트라 글라이드 울트라 클래식 107 (FLHTCU)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2017–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHTCU"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "울트라 클래식 107",
        "할리 FLHTCU M8"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Electra Glide Ultra Classic 107",
        "FLHTCU Milwaukee-Eight"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 150,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80B17 65H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 399,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Electra Glide Ultra Classic 107 (FLHTCU) (2017–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Electra Glide Ultra Classic 107 (FLHTCU) (2017–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-electra-glide-ultra-classic-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-electra-glide-ultra-classic-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-electra-glide-ultra-classic-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-fat-bob-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Fat Bob 107 (FXFB Softail)",
      "model_ko": "팻밥 107 (FXFB)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXFB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "팻밥 107",
        "소프테일 FXFB"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Fat Bob 107",
        "Softail FXFB 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "150/80-16 71H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 306,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Fat Bob 107 (FXFB Softail) (2018–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Fat Bob 107 (FXFB Softail) (2018–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-fat-bob-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-fat-bob-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-fat-bob-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-fat-boy-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Fat Boy 107 (FLFB Softail)",
      "model_ko": "팻보이 107 (FLFB)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLFB (107)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "팻보이 107",
        "소프테일 팻보이 M8 107"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Fat Boy 107",
        "Softail FLFB 2018–2019"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "160/60R18 70V",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 675,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 317,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Fat Boy 107 (FLFB Softail) (2018–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Fat Boy 107 (FLFB Softail) (2018–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-fat-boy-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-fat-boy-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-fat-boy-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-heritage-classic-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Heritage Classic 107 (FLHC Softail)",
      "model_ko": "헤리티지 클래식 107 (FLHC)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "헤리티지 클래식 107",
        "소프테일 헤리티지 107",
        "FLHC"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Heritage Classic 107",
        "Softail FLHC 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 330,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Heritage Classic 107 (FLHC Softail) (2018–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Heritage Classic 107 (FLHC Softail) (2018–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-low-rider-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Low Rider 107 (FXLR Softail)",
      "model_ko": "로우라이더 107 (FXLR)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXLR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "소프테일 로우라이더 107",
        "할리 FXLR 107",
        "크롬 로우라이더"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Low Rider 107",
        "Softail FXLR"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90B19 62H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 300,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Low Rider 107 (FXLR Softail) (2018–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Low Rider 107 (FXLR Softail) (2018–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-low-rider-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-low-rider-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-low-rider-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-glide-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road Glide 107 (FLTRX 2017–2023)",
      "model_ko": "로드 글라이드 107 (FLTRX 구형)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2017–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRX (107)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드글라이드 107",
        "구형 로글 107",
        "FLTRX 107"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road Glide 107",
        "2017–2023 FLTRX 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 150,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 388,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road Glide 107 (FLTRX 2017–2023) (2017–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road Glide 107 (FLTRX 2017–2023) (2017–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-glide-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-glide-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-glide-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-king-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road King 107 (FLHR Milwaukee-Eight)",
      "model_ko": "로드킹 107 (FLHR)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2017–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드킹 107",
        "할리 로드킹 클래식 크롬",
        "FLHR 107"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road King 107",
        "FLHR Milwaukee-Eight"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 150,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80B17 65H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 705,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 375,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road King 107 (FLHR Milwaukee-Eight) (2017–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road King 107 (FLHR Milwaukee-Eight) (2017–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-king-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-king-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-king-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-softail-slim-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Slim 107 (FLSL)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 슬림 107 (FLSL)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSL"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "소프테일 슬림 107",
        "할리 슬림 M8",
        "FLSL"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Softail Slim 107",
        "Softail FLSL"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 304,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Slim 107 (FLSL) (2018–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Slim 107 (FLSL) (2018–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-softail-slim-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-softail-slim-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-softail-slim-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-softail-standard-107",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Softail Standard 107 (FXST)",
      "model_ko": "소프테일 스탠다드 107 (FXST)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2020–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXST"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "소프테일 스탠다드",
        "할리 FXST 107",
        "소프테일 엔트리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Softail Standard 107",
        "FXST Milwaukee-Eight 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 144,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 297,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Softail Standard 107 (FXST) (2020–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Standard 107 (FXST) (2020–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-softail-standard-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-softail-standard-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-softail-standard-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-sport-glide-107",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Sport Glide 107 (FLSB Softail)",
      "model_ko": "스포츠 글라이드 107 (FLSB)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLSB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스포츠 글라이드",
        "할리 스포츠글라이드",
        "FLSB 107"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Sport Glide 107",
        "Softail FLSB"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 84,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70B18 63H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 317,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Sport Glide 107 (FLSB Softail) (2018–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Sport Glide 107 (FLSB Softail) (2018–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-sport-glide-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-sport-glide-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-sport-glide-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-bob-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Bob 107 (FXBB Softail)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 밥 107 (FXBB)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXBB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트밥 107",
        "스밥 107",
        "구형 소프테일 스밥"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Bob 107",
        "Softail FXBB 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 297,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Bob 107 (FXBB Softail) (2018–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Bob 107 (FXBB Softail) (2018–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-bob-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-bob-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-bob-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-glide-107",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Glide 107 (FLHX 2017–2023)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 글라이드 107 (FLHX 구형)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2017–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHX (107)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트글라이드 107",
        "구형 스글 107",
        "FLHX 107"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Glide 107",
        "2017–2023 FLHX 107"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1746,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 150,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 376,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Glide 107 (FLHX 2017–2023) (2017–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Glide 107 (FLHX 2017–2023) (2017–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-glide-107/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-glide-107/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-glide-107.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-dyna-low-rider-s-110",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Dyna Low Rider S 110 (FXDLS Screamin Eagle)",
      "model_ko": "다이나 로우라이더 S 110 (FXDLS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2016–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXDLS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "다이나 로우라이더 S",
        "FXDLS 110",
        "막차 다이나 로라S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Dyna Low Rider S",
        "FXDLS Twin Cam 110"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1801,
      "power_hp": 91,
      "power_rpm": 5000,
      "torque_nm": 156,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "H-D 360 SAE 20W-50 / SYN3",
        "drain_only_l": 2.4,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 63798-99A / 63731-99A (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 950,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary Fluid (1,120 ml / 38 oz)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 830,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or SAE 80W-140 Gear Oil (830 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90B19 62H",
        "rear_size": "160/70B17 73V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R12 (32362-04A)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.97–1.09 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–28Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 685,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 305,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Dyna Low Rider S 110 (FXDLS Screamin Eagle) (2016–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Dyna Low Rider S 110 (FXDLS Screamin Eagle) (2016–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-dyna-low-rider-s-110/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-dyna-low-rider-s-110/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-dyna-low-rider-s-110.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-breakout-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Breakout 114 (FXBRS Softail)",
      "model_ko": "브레이크아웃 114 (FXBRS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXBRS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브레이크아웃 114",
        "구형 브레이크아웃 M8",
        "FXBRS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Breakout 114",
        "Softail FXBRS 114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 94,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 155,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B21 63H",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 665,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 305,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Breakout 114 (FXBRS Softail) (2018–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Breakout 114 (FXBRS Softail) (2018–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-breakout-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-breakout-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-breakout-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-electra-glide-highway-king",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Electra Glide Highway King 114 (FLHFB Icons)",
      "model_ko": "일렉트라 글라이드 하이웨이 킹 114 (FLHFB)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHFB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "하이웨이 킹 114",
        "아이콘즈 하이웨이킹",
        "FLHFB"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Highway King 114",
        "Icons Collection FLHFB"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 160,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 385,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Electra Glide Highway King 114 (FLHFB Icons) (2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Electra Glide Highway King 114 (FLHFB Icons) (2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-electra-glide-highway-king/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-electra-glide-highway-king/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-electra-glide-highway-king.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-electra-glide-revival",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Electra Glide Revival 114 (FLH Icons)",
      "model_ko": "일렉트라 글라이드 리바이벌 114 (FLH)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLH"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "일렉트라 글라이드 리바이벌",
        "아이콘즈 1호 FLH"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Electra Glide Revival 2021",
        "Icons FLH 114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 93,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "MT90B16 72H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 391,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Electra Glide Revival 114 (FLH Icons) (2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Electra Glide Revival 114 (FLH Icons) (2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-electra-glide-revival/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-electra-glide-revival/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-electra-glide-revival.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-fat-bob-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Fat Bob 114 (FXFBS Softail)",
      "model_ko": "팻밥 114 (FXFBS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXFBS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "팻밥 114",
        "할리 팻밥",
        "FXFBS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Fat Bob 114",
        "Softail FXFBS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 94,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 155,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "150/80-16 71H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 306,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Fat Bob 114 (FXFBS Softail) (2018–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Fat Bob 114 (FXFBS Softail) (2018–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-fat-bob-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-fat-bob-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-fat-bob-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-fat-boy-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Fat Boy 114 (FLFBS Milwaukee-Eight)",
      "model_ko": "팻보이 114 (FLFBS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLFBS (114)",
        "FLFB (107)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "팻보이",
        "팻보이 114",
        "할리 팻보이",
        "FLFBS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Fat Boy 114",
        "FLFBS",
        "Softail Fat Boy M8"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 94,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 155,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 SAE 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700297 (Chrome) / 62700296 (Black) / HF171C",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (1,065 ml / 36 fl oz wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 fl oz refill)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "160/60R18 70V",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 — Dual-Plug M8 4V Heads)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65989-97E / YTX20HL-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 17.5Ah High-Output AGM (310 CCA)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 675,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 317,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Softail Models (FLFBS Fat Boy 114) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Models (FLFBS Fat Boy 114) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-fat-boy-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-fat-boy-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-fat-boy-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-fxdr-114",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "FXDR 114 (FXDRS Power Cruiser)",
      "model_ko": "FXDR 114 (FXDRS 파워 크루저)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2019–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXDRS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "할리 FXDR 114",
        "FXDRS",
        "드래그 레이서 할리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley FXDR 114",
        "FXDRS Softail"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 91,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 160,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR19 60W",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 303,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) FXDR 114 (FXDRS Power Cruiser) (2019–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson FXDR 114 (FXDRS Power Cruiser) (2019–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-fxdr-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-fxdr-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-fxdr-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-heritage-classic-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Heritage Classic 114 (FLHCS Softail)",
      "model_ko": "헤리티지 클래식 114 (FLHCS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHCS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "헤리티지 클래식 114",
        "헤리티지 소프테일 114",
        "FLHCS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Heritage Classic 114",
        "Softail Heritage FLHCS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 94,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 155,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 330,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Heritage Classic 114 (FLHCS Softail) (2018–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Heritage Classic 114 (FLHCS Softail) (2018–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-hydra-glide-revival",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Hydra-Glide Revival 114 (FLI Icons)",
      "model_ko": "하이드라 글라이드 리바이벌 114 (FLI)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLI"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "하이드라 글라이드 리바이벌",
        "아이콘즈 하이드라글라이드",
        "FLI 114"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Hydra-Glide Revival",
        "2024 Icons FLI 114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 94,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 156,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 685,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 335,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Hydra-Glide Revival 114 (FLI Icons) (2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Hydra-Glide Revival 114 (FLI Icons) (2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-hydra-glide-revival/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-hydra-glide-revival/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-hydra-glide-revival.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-low-rider-s-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Low Rider S 114 (FXLRS Softail)",
      "model_ko": "로우라이더 S 114 (FXLRS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2020–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXLRS (114)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로우라이더 S 114",
        "구형 로라 S",
        "탱크계기판 로우라이더 S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Low Rider S 114",
        "2020 FXLRS 114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 93,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 155,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90B19 62H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 308,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Low Rider S 114 (FXLRS Softail) (2020–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Low Rider S 114 (FXLRS Softail) (2020–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-low-rider-s-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-low-rider-s-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-low-rider-s-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-glide-limited-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road Glide Limited 114 (FLTRK Twin-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "로드 글라이드 리미티드 114 (FLTRK)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRK"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드글라이드 리미티드",
        "로글 리미티드 114",
        "FLTRK"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road Glide Limited",
        "FLTRK Twin-Cooled 114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 93,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 160,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70B18 63H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 423,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road Glide Limited 114 (FLTRK Twin-Cooled) (2020–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road Glide Limited 114 (FLTRK Twin-Cooled) (2020–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-glide-limited-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-glide-limited-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-glide-limited-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-glide-special-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road Glide Special 114 (FLTRXS)",
      "model_ko": "로드 글라이드 스페셜 114 (FLTRXS)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2019–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRXS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로글 스페셜 114",
        "로드글라이드 스페셜",
        "FLTRXS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road Glide Special 114",
        "FLTRXS 114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 93,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 387,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road Glide Special 114 (FLTRXS) (2019–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road Glide Special 114 (FLTRXS) (2019–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-glide-special-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-glide-special-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-glide-special-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-glide-ultra-114",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road Glide Ultra 114 (FLTRU Twin-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "로드 글라이드 울트라 114 (FLTRU)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2017–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRU"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드글라이드 울트라",
        "로글 울트라",
        "FLTRU"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road Glide Ultra",
        "FLTRU Twin-Cooled 107/114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 93,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 160,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/80B17 65H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 425,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road Glide Ultra 114 (FLTRU Twin-Cooled) (2017–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road Glide Ultra 114 (FLTRU Twin-Cooled) (2017–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-glide-ultra-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-glide-ultra-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-glide-ultra-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-king-special-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road King Special 114 (FLHRXS)",
      "model_ko": "로드킹 스페셜 114 (FLHRXS)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHRXS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드킹 스페셜",
        "로드킹 114",
        "로킹 스페셜",
        "FLHRXS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road King Special",
        "FLHRXS 114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 695,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 366,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road King Special 114 (FLHRXS) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road King Special 114 (FLHRXS) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-king-special-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-king-special-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-king-special-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-bob-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Bob 114 (FXBBS Softail)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 밥 114 (FXBBS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2021–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXBBS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트밥 114",
        "스밥 114",
        "할리 스밥",
        "FXBBS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Bob 114",
        "Softail FXBBS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 94,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 155,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 297,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Bob 114 (FXBBS Softail) (2021–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Bob 114 (FXBBS Softail) (2021–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-bob-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-bob-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-bob-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-glide-special-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Glide Special 114 (FLHXS)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 글라이드 스페셜 114 (FLHXS)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2019–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHXS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스글 스페셜 114",
        "스트리트글라이드 스페셜",
        "FLHXS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Glide Special 114",
        "FLHXS Batwing"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 93,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 158,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 375,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Glide Special 114 (FLHXS) (2019–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Glide Special 114 (FLHXS) (2019–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-glide-special-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-glide-special-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-glide-special-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-ultra-limited-114",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Ultra Limited 114 (FLHTK Twin-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "울트라 리미티드 114 (FLHTK)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2019–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHTK",
        "FLHTKL (Ultra Limited Low)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "울트라 리미티드",
        "할리 울트라 114",
        "FLHTK"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Ultra Limited 114",
        "FLHTK Electra Glide"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1868,
      "power_hp": 93,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 160,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70B18 63H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 416,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Ultra Limited 114 (FLHTK Twin-Cooled) (2019–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Ultra Limited 114 (FLHTK Twin-Cooled) (2019–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-ultra-limited-114/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-ultra-limited-114/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-ultra-limited-114.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-breakout-117",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Breakout 117 (FXBR Milwaukee-Eight)",
      "model_ko": "브레이크아웃 117 (FXBR)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXBR (117)",
        "FXBRS (2018–2022 114)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브레이크아웃",
        "브레이크아웃 117",
        "할리 브아",
        "FXBR"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Breakout 117",
        "FXBR",
        "FXBRS 114"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 102,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 SAE 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700297 (Chrome) / 62700296 (Black) / HF171C",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (1,065 ml / 36 fl oz wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 fl oz refill)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B21 63H",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 — Dual-Plug M8 Heads)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65989-97E / YTX20HL-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 17.5Ah High-Output AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 665,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 310,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Softail Models (FXBR Breakout 117) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Models (FXBR Breakout 117) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-breakout-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-breakout-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-breakout-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-cvo-limited-117",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "CVO Limited 117 (FLHTKSE Twin-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "CVO 리미티드 117 (FLHTKSE)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2018–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHTKSE",
        "FLTRKSE (2022–2023)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CVO 리미티드 117",
        "CVO 울트라 리미티드",
        "FLHTKSE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley CVO Limited 117",
        "CVO Road Glide Limited FLTRKSE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 169,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 428,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) CVO Limited 117 (FLHTKSE Twin-Cooled) (2018–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson CVO Limited 117 (FLHTKSE Twin-Cooled) (2018–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-cvo-limited-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-cvo-limited-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-cvo-limited-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-cvo-road-glide-117",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "CVO Road Glide 117 (FLTRXSE 2018–2022)",
      "model_ko": "CVO 로드 글라이드 117 (FLTRXSE 구형)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2018–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRXSE (117)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CVO 로글 117",
        "21인치 휠 CVO 로드글라이드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley CVO Road Glide 117",
        "2018–2022 FLTRXSE 117"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 169,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B21 63H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 405,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) CVO Road Glide 117 (FLTRXSE 2018–2022) (2018–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson CVO Road Glide 117 (FLTRXSE 2018–2022) (2018–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-cvo-street-glide-117",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "CVO Street Glide 117 (FLHXSE 2018–2022)",
      "model_ko": "CVO 스트리트 글라이드 117 (FLHXSE 구형)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2018–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHXSE (117)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CVO 스글 117",
        "구형 CVO 스트리트글라이드 117"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley CVO Street Glide 117",
        "2018–2022 FLHXSE 117"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 169,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 393,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) CVO Street Glide 117 (FLHXSE 2018–2022) (2018–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson CVO Street Glide 117 (FLHXSE 2018–2022) (2018–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-cvo-street-glide-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-cvo-street-glide-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-cvo-street-glide-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-fat-boy-117",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Fat Boy 117 (FLFB 2025 / Gray Ghost)",
      "model_ko": "팻보이 117 (FLFB / 그레이 고스트)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLFB (117)",
        "FLFBSE (Gray Ghost)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "팻보이 117",
        "2025 신형 팻보이",
        "팻보이 그레이 고스트",
        "FLFB 117"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Fat Boy 117 2025",
        "Fat Boy Gray Ghost Icons"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 103,
      "power_rpm": 4800,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "160/60R18 70V",
        "rear_size": "240/40R18 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 675,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 315,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Fat Boy 117 (FLFB 2025 / Gray Ghost) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Fat Boy 117 (FLFB 2025 / Gray Ghost) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-fat-boy-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-fat-boy-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-fat-boy-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-heritage-classic-117",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Heritage Classic 117 (FLHC 2025)",
      "model_ko": "헤리티지 클래식 117 (FLHC 2025)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHC (117)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "2025 헤리티지 클래식 117",
        "신형 헤리티지 117"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Heritage Classic 117 2025",
        "2025 Softail Heritage FLHC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 4600,
      "torque_nm": 163,
      "torque_rpm": 2750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 325,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Heritage Classic 117 (FLHC 2025) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Heritage Classic 117 (FLHC 2025) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-heritage-classic-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-low-rider-el-diablo",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Low Rider El Diablo 117 (FXRST Icons)",
      "model_ko": "로우라이더 엘 디아블로 117 (FXRST)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXRST"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로우라이더 엘디아블로",
        "아이콘즈 엘디아블로",
        "FXRST"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Low Rider El Diablo",
        "Icons FXRST 117"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90B19 62H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 327,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Low Rider El Diablo 117 (FXRST Icons) (2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Low Rider El Diablo 117 (FXRST Icons) (2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-low-rider-el-diablo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-low-rider-el-diablo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-low-rider-el-diablo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-low-rider-s-117",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Low Rider S 117 (FXLRS Softail)",
      "model_ko": "로우라이더 S 117 (FXLRS)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXLRS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로우라이더 S 117",
        "로라 S 117",
        "신형 로우라이더 S",
        "FXLRS 117"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Low Rider S 117",
        "FXLRS 117"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 103,
      "power_rpm": 4750,
      "torque_nm": 169,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90B19 62H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 308,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Low Rider S 117 (FXLRS Softail) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Low Rider S 117 (FXLRS Softail) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-low-rider-s-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-low-rider-s-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-low-rider-s-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-low-rider-st",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Low Rider ST (FXLRST Milwaukee-Eight 117)",
      "model_ko": "로우라이더 ST (FXLRST)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXLRST (ST)",
        "FXLRS (Low Rider S)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로우라이더 ST",
        "로라ST",
        "로우라이더 S",
        "FXLRST"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Low Rider ST",
        "FXLRST",
        "FXLRS 117"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 SAE 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 (Black) / 62700297 (Chrome) / HF171B",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (1,065 ml / 36 fl oz wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 fl oz refill)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90B19 62H",
        "rear_size": "180/70B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 — Dual-Plug M8 Heads)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 65989-97E / YTX20HL-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 17.5Ah High-Output AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 327,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Softail Models (FXLRST Low Rider ST) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Softail Models (FXLRST Low Rider ST) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-low-rider-st/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-low-rider-st/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-low-rider-st.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-glide-117",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road Glide 117 (FLTRX Sharknose)",
      "model_ko": "로드 글라이드 117 (FLTRX)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRX"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드글라이드 117",
        "로글 117",
        "신형 로드글라이드",
        "FLTRX"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road Glide 117",
        "2024 Road Glide FLTRX",
        "Sharknose Road Glide"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 107,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 175,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 M/C 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 M/C 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 380,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road Glide 117 (FLTRX Sharknose) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road Glide 117 (FLTRX Sharknose) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-glide-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-glide-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-glide-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-road-glide-st-117",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Road Glide ST 117 (FLTRXST)",
      "model_ko": "로드 글라이드 ST 117 (FLTRXST)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2022–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRXST"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드글라이드 ST",
        "로글 ST 117",
        "FLTRXST"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Road Glide ST",
        "FLTRXST 117 Bagger"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 103,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 382,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Road Glide ST 117 (FLTRXST) (2022–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Road Glide ST 117 (FLTRXST) (2022–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-road-glide-st-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-road-glide-st-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-road-glide-st-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-bob-117",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Bob 117 (FXBB 2025)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 밥 117 (FXBB 2025)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FXBB (117)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "2025 스트리트밥 117",
        "신형 스밥 117"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Bob 117 2025",
        "2025 FXBB 117"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 4600,
      "torque_nm": 163,
      "torque_rpm": 2500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90B19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 207,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 207,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / HD 65989-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 293,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Bob 117 (FXBB 2025) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Bob 117 (FXBB 2025) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-bob-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-bob-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-bob-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-glide",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Glide 117 (FLHX Grand American Touring)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 글라이드 117 (FLHX)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHX (Street Glide)",
        "FLTRX (Road Glide)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트 글라이드",
        "스글",
        "로드 글라이드",
        "로글 호환",
        "FLHX"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Glide",
        "FLHX 117",
        "FLTRX Road Glide 117"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 107,
      "power_rpm": 5020,
      "torque_nm": 175,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 SAE 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 946,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Transmission Fluid (946 ml / 32 fl oz wet refill on Touring narrow primary)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 fl oz refill)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 M/C 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 M/C 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 — Dual-Plug M8 Heads)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD 66010-97E / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Touring Heavy-Duty AGM (400 CCA)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 368,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨 Touring Models (2024+ FLHX Street Glide 117) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Touring Models (2024+ FLHX Street Glide 117) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-glide/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-glide/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-glide.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-glide-st-117",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Glide ST 117 (FLHXST)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 글라이드 ST 117 (FLHXST)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2022–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHXST"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스글 ST 117",
        "스트리트글라이드 ST",
        "FLHXST"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Glide ST",
        "FLHXST 117 Bagger"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 103,
      "power_rpm": 5450,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 710,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 369,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Glide ST 117 (FLHXST) (2022–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Glide ST 117 (FLHXST) (2022–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-glide-st-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-glide-st-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-glide-st-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-street-glide-ultra-117",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "Street Glide Ultra 117 (FLHXU)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 글라이드 울트라 117 (FLHXU)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHXU"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트글라이드 울트라",
        "스글 울트라 117",
        "신형 울트라 리미티드",
        "FLHXU"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley Street Glide Ultra 2025",
        "FLHXU 117"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1923,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 4600,
      "torque_nm": 176,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 M/C 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 M/C 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 725,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 393,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) Street Glide Ultra 117 (FLHXU) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson Street Glide Ultra 117 (FLHXU) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-street-glide-ultra-117/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-street-glide-ultra-117/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-street-glide-ultra-117.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-cvo-road-glide-121",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "CVO Road Glide 121 VVT (FLTRXSE)",
      "model_ko": "CVO 로드 글라이드 121 (FLTRXSE)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRXSE"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CVO 로드글라이드 121",
        "CVO 로글 121",
        "FLTRXSE 121"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley CVO Road Glide 121",
        "FLTRXSE VVT 121"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1977,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 189,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 M/C 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 M/C 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 391,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) CVO Road Glide 121 VVT (FLTRXSE) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson CVO Road Glide 121 VVT (FLTRXSE) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-121/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-121/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-121.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-cvo-road-glide-st-121",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "CVO Road Glide ST 121 HO (FLTRXSTSE)",
      "model_ko": "CVO 로드 글라이드 ST 121 (FLTRXSTSE)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLTRXSTSE"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CVO 로드글라이드 ST",
        "CVO 로글 ST 121",
        "FLTRXSTSE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley CVO Road Glide ST",
        "FLTRXSTSE 121 High Output"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1977,
      "power_hp": 127,
      "power_rpm": 4900,
      "torque_nm": 193,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 M/C 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 M/C 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "HD Lithium LiFePO4 / YIX30L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V Heavy-Duty LiFePO4 / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 720,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 380,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) CVO Road Glide ST 121 HO (FLTRXSTSE) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson CVO Road Glide ST 121 HO (FLTRXSTSE) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-st-121/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-st-121/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-cvo-road-glide-st-121.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "harley-cvo-street-glide-121",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Harley-Davidson",
      "brand_ko": "할리데이비슨",
      "model": "CVO Street Glide 121 VVT (FLHXSE)",
      "model_ko": "CVO 스트리트 글라이드 121 (FLHXSE)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FLHXSE"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "CVO 스트리트글라이드 121",
        "CVO 스글 121",
        "FLHXSE 121"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Harley CVO Street Glide 121",
        "FLHXSE VVT 121"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1977,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 189,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Screamin’ Eagle SYN3 20W-50 / H-D 360 20W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "HD 62700296 / 62700297 (HF171C)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_on_sidestand_hot",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "primary_oil_ml": 1065,
        "primary_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ Primary & Clutch Fluid (900–1,065 ml wet refill)",
        "transmission_oil_ml": 828,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "H-D Formula+ or Heavy Synthetic Gear Oil 80W-140 (828 ml / 28 oz)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 M/C 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/55B18 M/C 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "HD 6R10 (31600012 Dual-Plug M8)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YIX30L-BS / HD 66010-97E",
        "battery_spec": "12V 28.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 715,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 380,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1600,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "할리데이비슨(Harley-Davidson) CVO Street Glide 121 VVT (FLHXSE) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Harley-Davidson CVO Street Glide 121 VVT (FLHXSE) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/harley-cvo-street-glide-121/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/harley-cvo-street-glide-121/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/harley-cvo-street-glide-121.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-sixty2",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler Sixty2 (400)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 식스티2 (400)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KE",
        "ZDMKE00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 식스티2",
        "스크램블러 400"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Scrambler Sixty2",
        "Scrambler 400"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 41,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 34.3,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R18 M/C 58H",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 183,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Scrambler Sixty2 (400) (2016–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler Sixty2 (400) (2016–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-sixty2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-sixty2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-sixty2.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-hypermotard-698-mono",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Hypermotard 698 Mono / RVE",
      "model_ko": "하이퍼모타드 698 모노 / RVE",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "5B",
        "ZDM5B00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "하이퍼모타드 698",
        "하이퍼 698 모노",
        "두카티 단기통"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Hypermotard 698 Mono",
        "Hypermotard 698 RVE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 659,
      "power_hp": 77.5,
      "power_rpm": 9750,
      "torque_nm": 63,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "Ducati Dual Cartridge Kit (44440312B + Secondary Element)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 210,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Slim AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 904,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 159,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Hypermotard 698 Mono / RVE (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Hypermotard 698 Mono / RVE (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-698-mono/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-698-mono/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-698-mono.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-696",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster 696 / 696 ABS",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 696",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2008–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "M5",
        "ZDMM500AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 696",
        "구형 공랭 몬스터 696"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster 696",
        "Monster 696 Plus"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 696,
      "power_hp": 80,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/60 ZR17 M/C (55W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 185,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster 696 / 696 ABS (2008–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster 696 / 696 ABS (2008–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-696/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-696/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-696.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-hypermotard-796",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Hypermotard 796",
      "model_ko": "하이퍼모타드 796",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2010–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B1",
        "ZDMB101AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "하이퍼모타드 796",
        "공랭 하이퍼 796"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Hypermotard 796",
        "Hypermotard 796 Air-Cooled"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 803,
      "power_hp": 81,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 75.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 187,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Hypermotard 796 (2010–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Hypermotard 796 (2010–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-796/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-796/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-796.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-796",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster 796 / 796 ABS",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 796",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2010–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "M5",
        "ZDMM506AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 796",
        "공랭 싱글스윙암 몬스터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster 796",
        "Monster 795 / 796"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 803,
      "power_hp": 87,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 78,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster 796 / 796 ABS (2010–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster 796 / 796 ABS (2010–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-796/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-796/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-796.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-797",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster 797 / 797+",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 797 / 797+",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MD",
        "ZDMMD00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 797",
        "공랭 몬스터 797"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster 797",
        "Monster 797 Plus"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 803,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 67,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster 797 / 797+ (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster 797 / 797+ (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-797/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-797/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-797.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-cafe-racer",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler Cafe Racer (803)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 카페레이서 800",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KD",
        "KC"
      ],
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        "스크램블러 카페레이서",
        "두카티 카페레이서 800"
      ],
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        "Scrambler 800 CR"
      ],
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      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 66.2,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
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        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Scrambler Cafe Racer (803) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler Cafe Racer (803) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-cafe-racer/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-cafe-racer/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-cafe-racer.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-desert-sled",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler Desert Sled (803)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 데저트 슬레드",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KB",
        "KB00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "데저트 슬레드",
        "스크램블러 오프로드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Scrambler Desert Sled",
        "Desert Sled 800"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 803,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 66.2,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19 M/C 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17 M/C 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Scrambler Desert Sled (803) (2017–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler Desert Sled (803) (2017–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-desert-sled/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-desert-sled/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-desert-sled.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-icon",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler Icon / Full Throttle (803cc)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 아이콘 800 (2세대)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KA",
        "KC",
        "Next-Gen 2G (2023+)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "두카티 스크램블러",
        "스크램블러 아이콘",
        "공랭 데스모 803"
      ],
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        "Ducati Scrambler 800 Next-Gen 2G",
        "Scrambler Full Throttle"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 803,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 65.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic (Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440038A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80R18 M/C 58H",
        "rear_size": "180/55R17 M/C 73H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 185,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티 Scrambler Icon (803cc Desmodue) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler Icon (803cc Desmodue) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-icon/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-icon/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-icon.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-mach-2-0",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler Mach 2.0 / Flat Track Pro",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 마하 2.0 / 플랫트랙 프로",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KA-FT",
        "KA-M2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 마하 2.0",
        "플랫트랙 프로"
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        "Ducati Scrambler Mach 2.0",
        "Scrambler Flat Track Pro"
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      "displacement_cc": 803,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 67,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R18 M/C 58H",
        "rear_size": "180/55 R17 M/C 73H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Scrambler Mach 2.0 / Flat Track Pro (2016–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler Mach 2.0 / Flat Track Pro (2016–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-mach-2-0/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-mach-2-0/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-mach-2-0.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-nightshift",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler Nightshift (803)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 나이트시프트 800",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KC",
        "Next-Gen 2G"
      ],
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        "스크램블러 나이트시프트",
        "나이트시프트 800"
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        "Scrambler 800 Nightshift"
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      "displacement_cc": 803,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 65.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R18 M/C 58H",
        "rear_size": "180/55 R17 M/C 73H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 191,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Scrambler Nightshift (803) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler Nightshift (803) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-nightshift/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-nightshift/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-nightshift.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-urban-motard",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler Urban Motard (803)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 어반 모타드",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KC-UM"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 어반모타드",
        "어반 모타드 800"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Scrambler Urban Motard",
        "Scrambler 800 Motard"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 803,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 66.2,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Scrambler Urban Motard (803) (2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler Urban Motard (803) (2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-urban-motard/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-urban-motard/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-urban-motard.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-hypermotard-821",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Hypermotard 821 / 821 SP",
      "model_ko": "하이퍼모타드 821 / SP",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2013–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B2",
        "B3"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "하이퍼모타드 821",
        "하이퍼 821 SP"
      ],
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        "Ducati Hypermotard 821",
        "Hypermotard 821 SP"
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      "displacement_cc": 821,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 89,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
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        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Hypermotard 821 / 821 SP (2013–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Hypermotard 821 / 821 SP (2013–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-821/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-821/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-821.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-hyperstrada-821",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Hyperstrada 821 / 939",
      "model_ko": "하이퍼스트라다 821 / 939",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2013–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B2-HS",
        "BA-HS"
      ],
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        "하이퍼스트라다 821",
        "하이퍼스트라다 939"
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        "Ducati Hyperstrada 821",
        "Ducati Hyperstrada 939"
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      "displacement_cc": 821,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 89,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 204,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Hyperstrada 821 / 939 (2013–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Hyperstrada 821 / 939 (2013–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-hyperstrada-821/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-hyperstrada-821/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-hyperstrada-821.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-821",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster 821 / Dark / Stealth",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 821 / 스텔스",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2014–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "M6",
        "MC",
        "MH"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 821",
        "몬스터 821 스텔스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster 821",
        "Monster 821 Stealth"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 821,
      "power_hp": 109,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 86,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster 821 / Dark / Stealth (2014–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster 821 / Dark / Stealth (2014–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-821/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-821/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-821.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-848-evo",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Superbike 848 / 848 EVO / Corse SE",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼바이크 848 / 848 에보",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2008–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "H6",
        "ZDMH600AA"
      ],
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        "두카티 848 에보",
        "848 코르세"
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        "Ducati 848 EVO",
        "848 EVO Corse SE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 849,
      "power_hp": 140,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 98,
      "torque_rpm": 9750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 194,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.6
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      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Superbike 848 / 848 EVO / Corse SE (2008–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Superbike 848 / 848 EVO / Corse SE (2008–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-848-evo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-848-evo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-848-evo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-v2-890",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT)",
      "model_ko": "멀티스트라다 V2 / V2 S (2025 신형 890)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "5M",
        "ZDM5M00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "2025 멀티스트라다 V2",
        "신형 멀티스트라다 V2 890"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "2025 Ducati Multistrada V2 S",
        "Multistrada V2 890 IVT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 92.1,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR19 M/C 60W",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17 M/C 72W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 211,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v2-890/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v2-890/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v2-890.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-panigale-v2-890",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Panigale V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT)",
      "model_ko": "파니갈레 V2 / V2 S (2025 신형 890)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "5D",
        "ZDM5D00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 파니갈레 V2",
        "2025 파니갈레 V2",
        "파니갈레 V2 890"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "2025 Ducati Panigale V2",
        "Panigale V2 S 890 IVT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 93.3,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS / LiFePO4 (V2 S)",
        "battery_spec": "12V AGM (Base) / Lithium (V2 S)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 837,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Panigale V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Panigale V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-panigale-v2-890/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-panigale-v2-890/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-panigale-v2-890.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-streetfighter-v2-890",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Streetfighter V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트파이터 V2 / V2 S (2025 신형 890)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "5F",
        "ZDM5F00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 스트리트파이터 V2",
        "2025 스트리트파이터 V2"
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      "aliases_en": [
        "2025 Ducati Streetfighter V2",
        "Streetfighter V2 S 890"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 890,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 93.3,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Slim AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 838,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Streetfighter V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Streetfighter V2 / V2 S (2025 890 IVT) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v2-890/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v2-890/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v2-890.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-899-panigale",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "899 Panigale",
      "model_ko": "899 파니갈레",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2014–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "H8",
        "ZDMH804AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "899 파니갈레",
        "두카티 899"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati 899 Panigale",
        "Panigale 899 Superquadro"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 898,
      "power_hp": 148,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 99,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/60 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Slim AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) 899 Panigale (2014–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati 899 Panigale (2014–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-899-panigale/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-899-panigale/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-899-panigale.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-desertx",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "DesertX (937)",
      "model_ko": "데저트X (937)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "5A",
        "ZDM5A00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "데저트엑스",
        "데저트X",
        "두카티 랠리 어드벤처"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati DesertX",
        "Desert X 937"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90 - 21 M/C 54V M+S",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18 M/C 70V M+S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) DesertX (937) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati DesertX (937) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-desertx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-desertx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-desertx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-desertx-discovery",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "DesertX Discovery (937)",
      "model_ko": "데저트X 디스커버리",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "5A-DC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "데저트X 디스커버리",
        "데저트엑스 투어링"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati DesertX Discovery",
        "DesertX Touring Edition"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90 - 21 M/C 54V M+S",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18 M/C 70V M+S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 232,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) DesertX Discovery (937) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati DesertX Discovery (937) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-desertx-discovery/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-desertx-discovery/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-desertx-discovery.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-desertx-rally",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "DesertX Rally (937)",
      "model_ko": "데저트X 랠리",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "5A-RL"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "데저트엑스 랠리",
        "데저트X 랠리 프로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati DesertX Rally",
        "Desert X Rally 937"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90 - 21 M/C 54R M+S",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18 M/C 70R M+S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 910,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 224,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) DesertX Rally (937) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati DesertX Rally (937) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-desertx-rally/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-desertx-rally/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-desertx-rally.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-hypermotard-939",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Hypermotard 939 / 939 SP",
      "model_ko": "하이퍼모타드 939 / SP",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2016–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BA",
        "ZDMBA00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "하이퍼모타드 939",
        "하이퍼 939 SP"
      ],
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        "Ducati Hypermotard 939",
        "Hypermotard 939 SP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 113,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 97.9,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 204,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Hypermotard 939 / 939 SP (2016–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Hypermotard 939 / 939 SP (2016–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-939/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-939/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-939.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-hypermotard-950-sp",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Hypermotard 950 / RVE / SP",
      "model_ko": "하이퍼모타드 950 / RVE / SP",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "BA",
        "1B"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "하이퍼모타드 950",
        "하이퍼모타드 950 SP",
        "하이퍼 950 RVE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Hypermotard 950 SP",
        "Hypermotard 950 RVE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 114,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 96,
      "torque_rpm": 7250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Hypermotard 950 / RVE / SP (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Hypermotard 950 / RVE / SP (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-950-sp/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-950-sp/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-950-sp.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-937",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster / Monster+ (937)",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 937 (Monster+)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZDMM400AA",
        "4M"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 937",
        "신형 몬스터",
        "두카티 몬스터",
        "몬스터 플러스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster 937",
        "Monster Plus",
        "Monster 950"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 111,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Synthetic (Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
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        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
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        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
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        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티 몬스터 / 몬스터+ (Testastretta 11° 937cc) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster / Monster+ (Testastretta 11° 937cc) Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-937/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-937/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-937.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-sp",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster SP (937)",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 SP (937 올린즈)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "4M-SP",
        "ZDMM401AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 SP",
        "몬스터 937 SP"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster SP",
        "Monster 937 SP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 111,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
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        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "Ducati LiFePO4 Lithium",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium-Ion Lightweight Battery",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
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        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster SP (937) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster SP (937) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-sp/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-sp/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-sp.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-950-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada 950 / 950 S",
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      "category": "adventure",
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        "AA",
        "ZDMAA00AA"
      ],
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        "멀티스트라다 950",
        "멀티스트라다 950S"
      ],
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        "Ducati Multistrada 950 S",
        "Multistrada 950"
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      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 113,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 96,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
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      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR19 M/C 60W",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17 M/C 72W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
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        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
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        "oil_change_km": 15000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada 950 / 950 S (2017–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada 950 / 950 S (2017–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-950-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-950-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-950-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-v2-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada V2 / V2 S (937)",
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      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "AA",
        "3A"
      ],
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        "멀티스트라다 V2",
        "멀티스트라다 V2S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Multistrada V2 S",
        "Multistrada V2 937"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 113,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 94,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR19 M/C 60W",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17 M/C 72W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
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      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 222,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada V2 / V2 S (937) (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada V2 / V2 S (937) (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v2-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v2-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v2-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-supersport-939",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "SuperSport / SuperSport S (939)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼스포츠 939 / 939 S",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VA",
        "ZDMVA00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "슈퍼스포츠 939",
        "두카티 슈퍼스포츠 S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati SuperSport 939 S",
        "Ducati SuperSport 937 Euro 4"
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      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) SuperSport / SuperSport S (939) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati SuperSport / SuperSport S (939) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-supersport-939/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-supersport-939/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-supersport-939.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-supersport-950-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "SuperSport 950 / 950 S",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼스포츠 950 / 950 S",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "2B",
        "VA"
      ],
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        "슈퍼스포츠 950",
        "슈퍼스포츠 950S"
      ],
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        "Ducati SuperSport 950 S",
        "SuperSport 950"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 937,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 93,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
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        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
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        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) SuperSport 950 / 950 S (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati SuperSport 950 / 950 S (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-supersport-950-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-supersport-950-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-supersport-950-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-959-panigale",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "959 Panigale / 959 Corse",
      "model_ko": "959 파니갈레 / 코르세",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2016–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "HA",
        "HB"
      ],
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        "959 파니갈레",
        "959 파니갈레 코르세"
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        "Ducati 959 Panigale",
        "959 Panigale Corse"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 955,
      "power_hp": 157,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 107.4,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
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        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/60 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Slim AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 200,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
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      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) 959 Panigale / 959 Corse (2016–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati 959 Panigale / 959 Corse (2016–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-959-panigale/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-959-panigale/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-959-panigale.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-panigale-v2",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Panigale V2 (955 Superquadro)",
      "model_ko": "파니갈레 V2 (955 슈퍼콰드로)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2020–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZDM1H00AA",
        "1H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "파니갈레 V2",
        "두카티 V2",
        "파니갈레 955",
        "파니갈레 V2 베이리스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Panigale V2",
        "Panigale V2 Bayliss",
        "Panigale 955"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 955,
      "power_hp": 155,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 104,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Synthetic (Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/60 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Sealed AGM (Bayliss: LiFePO4)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 200,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티 파니갈레 V2 (955cc Superquadro) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Panigale V2 (955cc Superquadro) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Data"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-panigale-v2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-panigale-v2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-panigale-v2.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-streetfighter-v2",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Streetfighter V2 (955 Superquadro)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트파이터 V2 (955 슈퍼콰드로)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2022–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "2F",
        "ZDM2F00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트파이터 V2",
        "스파 V2 955"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Streetfighter V2 955",
        "Streetfighter V2"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 955,
      "power_hp": 153,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 101.4,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/60 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Slim Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 200,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Streetfighter V2 (955 Superquadro) (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Streetfighter V2 (955 Superquadro) (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v2.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-s2r-1000",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster S2R 1000",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 S2R 1000",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2006–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "M4",
        "ZDMM416AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 S2R 1000",
        "클래식 몬스터 S2R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster S2R 1000",
        "Monster S2R1000 DS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 992,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 94,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster S2R 1000 (2006–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster S2R 1000 (2006–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-s2r-1000/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-s2r-1000/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-s2r-1000.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-sportclassic-gt-1000",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "SportClassic GT 1000",
      "model_ko": "스포츠클래식 GT 1000",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2007–2010",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "C1",
        "ZDMC103AA"
      ],
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        "스포츠클래식 GT1000",
        "두카티 GT 1000"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati GT 1000",
        "SportClassic GT1000 Touring"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 992,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 91.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 205,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) SportClassic GT 1000 (2007–2010) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati SportClassic GT 1000 (2007–2010) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-sportclassic-gt-1000/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-sportclassic-gt-1000/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-sportclassic-gt-1000.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-sportclassic-sport-1000",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "SportClassic Sport 1000 / Biposto / S",
      "model_ko": "스포츠클래식 스포츠 1000",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2006–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "C1",
        "ZDMC100AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "두카티 스포츠 1000",
        "스포츠클래식 1000S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Sport 1000",
        "SportClassic Sport 1000S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 992,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 91.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) SportClassic Sport 1000 / Biposto / S (2006–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati SportClassic Sport 1000 / Biposto / S (2006–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-sportclassic-sport-1000/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-sportclassic-sport-1000/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-sportclassic-sport-1000.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-s4rs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster S4Rs Testastretta (998)",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 S4Rs 테스타스트레타",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2006–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "M4",
        "ZDMM417AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 S4Rs",
        "몬스터 S4R 테스타스트레타"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster S4Rs Testastretta",
        "Monster S4R 998"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 130,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 103.9,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster S4Rs Testastretta (998) (2006–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster S4Rs Testastretta (998) (2006–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-s4rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-s4rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-s4rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-panigale-v4-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Panigale V4 R (998 WSBK)",
      "model_ko": "파니갈레 V4 R (998 호몰로게이션)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DR",
        "3D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "파니갈레 V4R",
        "두카티 V4R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Panigale V4 R",
        "Panigale V4R 998"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 218,
      "power_rpm": 15500,
      "torque_nm": 111.3,
      "torque_rpm": 12000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 / Ducati Performance 15W-50 Racing Oil",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/60 ZR17 M/C (80W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "Ducati LiFePO4 Lithium",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lightweight Lithium-Ion",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193.5,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 12.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Panigale V4 R (998 WSBK) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Panigale V4 R (998 WSBK) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-hypermotard-1100-evo-sp",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Hypermotard 1100 / 1100S / EVO SP",
      "model_ko": "하이퍼모타드 1100 / 에보 SP",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2007–2012",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B1",
        "ZDMB100AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "하이퍼모타드 1100",
        "하이퍼모타드 1100 에보 SP"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Hypermotard 1100 EVO SP",
        "Hypermotard 1100S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1078,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 103,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Hypermotard 1100 / 1100S / EVO SP (2007–2012) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Hypermotard 1100 / 1100S / EVO SP (2007–2012) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-1100-evo-sp/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-1100-evo-sp/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-hypermotard-1100-evo-sp.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-1100-evo",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster 1100 / 1100 EVO",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 1100 / 1100 에보",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2009–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "M5",
        "ZDMM511AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 1100 에보",
        "몬스터 1100S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster 1100 EVO",
        "Monster 1100 S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1078,
      "power_hp": 100,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 103,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 270,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster 1100 / 1100 EVO (2009–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster 1100 / 1100 EVO (2009–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-1100-evo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-1100-evo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-1100-evo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-1100-sport-pro",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler 1100 Sport PRO",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 1100 스포츠 프로",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2018–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF",
        "KF00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 1100",
        "스크램블러 1100 프로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Scrambler 1100 Sport Pro",
        "Scrambler 1100 Dark PRO"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1079,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 88,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR18 M/C 59W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Scrambler 1100 Sport PRO (2018–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler 1100 Sport PRO (2018–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-1100-sport-pro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-1100-sport-pro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-1100-sport-pro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-scrambler-1100-tribute-pro",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Scrambler 1100 Tribute PRO",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 1100 트리뷰트 프로",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2022–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KF-TP"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 1100 트리뷰트",
        "1100 트리뷰트 프로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Scrambler 1100 Tribute PRO",
        "Scrambler 1100 Special"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1079,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 88,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR18 M/C 59W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 211,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Scrambler 1100 Tribute PRO (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Scrambler 1100 Tribute PRO (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-scrambler-1100-tribute-pro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-scrambler-1100-tribute-pro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-scrambler-1100-tribute-pro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-1098-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Superbike 1098 / 1098 S",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼바이크 1098 / 1098 S",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2007–2008",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "H7",
        "ZDMH700AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "두카티 1098S",
        "두카티 1098"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati 1098 S",
        "Ducati 1098 Tricolore"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1099,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 9750,
      "torque_nm": 122.6,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Superbike 1098 / 1098 S (2007–2008) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Superbike 1098 / 1098 S (2007–2008) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-1098-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-1098-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-1098-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-v4-rs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada V4 RS (1103 Desmo)",
      "model_ko": "멀티스트라다 V4 RS (데스모세디치)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "4A-RS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "멀티스트라다 V4 RS",
        "멀티 V4 RS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Multistrada V4 RS",
        "Multistrada V4 Desmosedici"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1103,
      "power_hp": 180,
      "power_rpm": 12250,
      "torque_nm": 118,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "Ducati LiFePO4 Lithium",
        "battery_spec": "12V Compact Lithium-Ion",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 236,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada V4 RS (1103 Desmo) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada V4 RS (1103 Desmo) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-panigale-v4",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Panigale V4 / V4 S",
      "model_ko": "파니갈레 V4 / V4 S",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZDMDA04AA",
        "DA",
        "3D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "파니갈레 V4",
        "파니갈레 V4S",
        "두카티 V4",
        "두카티 파니갈레 V4"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Panigale V4",
        "Panigale V4S",
        "Desmosedici Stradale Panigale"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1103,
      "power_hp": 215.5,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 123.6,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Synthetic (Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/60 ZR17 M/C (80W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS (V4) / LiFePO4 (V4 S)",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah AGM (Base V4) or 12V LiFePO4 Lithium (V4 S)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198.5,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티 파니갈레 V4 / V4 S (1,103cc Desmosedici Stradale) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Panigale V4 / V4 S (1,103cc Desmosedici Stradale) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-panigale-v4-sp2",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Panigale V4 SP / SP2",
      "model_ko": "파니갈레 V4 SP / SP2",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2021–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DA-SP",
        "3D-SP"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "파니갈레 V4 SP2",
        "파니갈레 V4 SP"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Panigale V4 SP2",
        "Panigale V4 SP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1103,
      "power_hp": 215.5,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 123.6,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/60 ZR17 M/C (80W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "Ducati LiFePO4 Lithium",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lightweight Lithium-Ion",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 194.5,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.1
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Panigale V4 SP / SP2 (2021–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Panigale V4 SP / SP2 (2021–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4-sp2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4-sp2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-panigale-v4-sp2.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-streetfighter-v4",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Streetfighter V4 / V4 S",
      "model_ko": "스트리트파이터 V4 / V4 S",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZDMFA00AA",
        "FA",
        "3F"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트파이터 V4",
        "스파 V4",
        "두카티 스파 V4S",
        "스트리트파이터 V4S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Streetfighter V4",
        "Streetfighter V4S",
        "SFV4"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1103,
      "power_hp": 208,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 123,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Synthetic (Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/60 ZR17 M/C (80W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS (Base) / LiFePO4 (V4 S)",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah AGM (V4) or 12V LiFePO4 Lithium (V4 S)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 201,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.2
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티 스트리트파이터 V4 / V4 S 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 및 워크숍 지침 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Streetfighter V4 / V4 S Official Owner’s Manual & Service Data"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v4/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v4/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v4.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-streetfighter-v4-sp2",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Streetfighter V4 SP / SP2",
      "model_ko": "스트리트파이터 V4 SP / SP2",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2022–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FA-SP",
        "3F-SP"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트파이터 V4 SP2",
        "스파 V4 SP2"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Streetfighter V4 SP2",
        "Streetfighter V4 SP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1103,
      "power_hp": 208,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 123,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/60 ZR17 M/C (80W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "Ducati LiFePO4 Lithium",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lightweight Lithium-Ion",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196.5,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Streetfighter V4 SP / SP2 (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Streetfighter V4 SP / SP2 (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v4-sp2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v4-sp2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-streetfighter-v4-sp2.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-diavel-v4",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Diavel V4 (1158 Granturismo)",
      "model_ko": "디아벨 V4 (1158 그란투리스모)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "3G",
        "ZDM3G00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "디아벨 V4",
        "신형 디아벨 V4"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Diavel V4",
        "Diavel V4 Granturismo"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1158,
      "power_hp": 168,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 126,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "240/45 ZR17 M/C (82W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 236,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 60000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Diavel V4 (1158 Granturismo) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Diavel V4 (1158 Granturismo) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-diavel-v4/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-diavel-v4/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-diavel-v4.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-v4",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada V4 / V4 S",
      "model_ko": "멀티스트라다 V4 / V4 S",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZDM1A00AA",
        "1A",
        "4A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "멀티스트라다 V4",
        "멀티 V4S",
        "두카티 멀티스트라다 V4",
        "멀티 V4"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Multistrada V4",
        "Multistrada V4S",
        "MTS V4 Granturismo"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1158,
      "power_hp": 170,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 8750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Synthetic (Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR19 M/C (60W)",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17 M/C (72W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK SILMDR9A-8GS",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YUASA YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 243,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 60000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티 멀티스트라다 V4 / V4 S (1,158cc V4 Granturismo) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada V4 / V4 S (1,158cc V4 Granturismo) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-v4-pikes-peak",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada V4 Pikes Peak",
      "model_ko": "멀티스트라다 V4 파이크스 피크",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "4A-PP",
        "ZDM4A01AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "멀티스트라다 파이크스피크",
        "멀티 V4 파이크스피크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Multistrada V4 Pikes Peak",
        "Multistrada V4 PP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1158,
      "power_hp": 170,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 8750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 239,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 60000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada V4 Pikes Peak (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada V4 Pikes Peak (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-pikes-peak/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-pikes-peak/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-pikes-peak.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-v4-rally",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada V4 Rally (30L Tank)",
      "model_ko": "멀티스트라다 V4 랠리",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "4A-RL",
        "ZDM4A02AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "멀티스트라다 V4 랠리",
        "멀티 V4 랠리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Multistrada V4 Rally",
        "Multistrada V4 Adventure Rally"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1158,
      "power_hp": 170,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 121,
      "torque_rpm": 8750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19 M/C 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17 M/C 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMDR10A-JS / MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 260,
        "fuel_tank_l": 30,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 60000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada V4 Rally (30L Tank) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada V4 Rally (30L Tank) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-rally/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-rally/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-v4-rally.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-1198-sp",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Superbike 1198 / 1198 S / 1198 SP",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼바이크 1198 S / 1198 SP",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2009–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "H7",
        "ZDMH704AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "두카티 1198 SP",
        "두카티 1198S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati 1198 SP",
        "Ducati 1198 S Corse"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1198,
      "power_hp": 170,
      "power_rpm": 9750,
      "torque_nm": 131.4,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440035A / HF153",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 193,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Superbike 1198 / 1198 S / 1198 SP (2009–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Superbike 1198 / 1198 S / 1198 SP (2009–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-1198-sp/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-1198-sp/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-1198-sp.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-1199-panigale-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "1199 Panigale / S / R",
      "model_ko": "1199 파니갈레 / S / R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2012–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "H8",
        "ZDMH800AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1199 파니갈레",
        "1199 파니갈레 S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati 1199 Panigale S",
        "1199 Panigale Tricolore"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1198,
      "power_hp": 195,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 132,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 M/C (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Slim AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) 1199 Panigale / S / R (2012–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati 1199 Panigale / S / R (2012–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-1199-panigale-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-1199-panigale-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-1199-panigale-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-diavel-carbon",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Diavel / Diavel Carbon (1198 Gen 1–2)",
      "model_ko": "디아벨 / 디아벨 카본 (1198)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2011–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "G1",
        "G2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "디아벨 카본",
        "구형 디아벨 1198"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Diavel Carbon",
        "Diavel 1198 Strada"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1198,
      "power_hp": 162,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 130.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "240/45 ZR17 M/C (82W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 234,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Diavel / Diavel Carbon (1198 Gen 1–2) (2011–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Diavel / Diavel Carbon (1198 Gen 1–2) (2011–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-diavel-carbon/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-diavel-carbon/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-diavel-carbon.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-1200-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster 1200 R",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 1200 R",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2016–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "MA",
        "ZDMMA01AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 1200R",
        "최강 트렐리스 몬스터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster 1200 R",
        "Monster 1200R Ohlins"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1198,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 131.4,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 M/C (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 207,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster 1200 R (2016–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster 1200 R (2016–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-1200-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-1200-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-1200-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-monster-1200-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Monster 1200 / 1200 S",
      "model_ko": "몬스터 1200 / 1200 S",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2014–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "M6",
        "MA",
        "MB"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "몬스터 1200S",
        "몬스터 1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Monster 1200 S",
        "Monster 1200"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1198,
      "power_hp": 147,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 124,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 211,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Monster 1200 / 1200 S (2014–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Monster 1200 / 1200 S (2014–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-monster-1200-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-monster-1200-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-monster-1200-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-1200-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada 1200 / 1200 S (11° & DVT)",
      "model_ko": "멀티스트라다 1200 / 1200 S",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2010–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "A2",
        "A3"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "멀티스트라다 1200S",
        "구형 멀티스트라다 1200"
      ],
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        "Ducati Multistrada 1200 S",
        "Multistrada 1200 DVT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1198,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 136,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada 1200 / 1200 S (11° & DVT) (2010–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada 1200 / 1200 S (11° & DVT) (2010–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1200-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1200-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1200-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-diavel-1260-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Diavel 1260 / 1260 S",
      "model_ko": "디아벨 1260 / 1260 S",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2019–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GE",
        "GC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "디아벨 1260",
        "디아벨 1260S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Ducati Diavel 1260 S",
        "Diavel 1260"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1262,
      "power_hp": 159,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 129,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "240/45 ZR17 M/C (82W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 244,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Diavel 1260 / 1260 S (2019–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Diavel 1260 / 1260 S (2019–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-diavel-1260-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-diavel-1260-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-diavel-1260-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-1260-enduro",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada 1260 Enduro",
      "model_ko": "멀티스트라다 1260 엔듀로",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "AD",
        "ZDMAD00AA"
      ],
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        "멀티스트라다 1260 엔듀로",
        "멀티 1260 엔듀로"
      ],
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        "Ducati Multistrada 1260 Enduro",
        "Multistrada Enduro 1260"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1262,
      "power_hp": 158,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 128,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19 M/C 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17 M/C 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 254,
        "fuel_tank_l": 30,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada 1260 Enduro (2019–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada 1260 Enduro (2019–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1260-enduro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1260-enduro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1260-enduro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-multistrada-1260-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "Multistrada 1260 / 1260 S",
      "model_ko": "멀티스트라다 1260 / 1260 S",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2018–2020",
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        "AC",
        "ZDMAC00AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "멀티스트라다 1260S",
        "멀티스트라다 1260"
      ],
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        "Ducati Multistrada 1260 S",
        "Multistrada 1260 Grand Tour"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1262,
      "power_hp": 158,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 129.5,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) Multistrada 1260 / 1260 S (2018–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati Multistrada 1260 / 1260 S (2018–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1260-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1260-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-multistrada-1260-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-xdiavel-nera",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "XDiavel Black Star / Nera (1262 DVT)",
      "model_ko": "X디아벨 블랙 스타 / 네라",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2021–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GD-NR",
        "GD-BS"
      ],
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        "X디아벨 네라",
        "X디아벨 블랙스타"
      ],
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        "Ducati XDiavel Nera",
        "XDiavel Black Star"
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      "displacement_cc": 1262,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 127,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "240/45 ZR17 M/C (82W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 247,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) XDiavel Black Star / Nera (1262 DVT) (2021–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati XDiavel Black Star / Nera (1262 DVT) (2021–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-xdiavel-nera/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-xdiavel-nera/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-xdiavel-nera.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-xdiavel-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "XDiavel / XDiavel S (1262 DVT)",
      "model_ko": "X디아벨 / X디아벨 S",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2016–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "GA",
        "GB",
        "GD"
      ],
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        "엑스디아벨",
        "X디아벨 S"
      ],
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        "Ducati XDiavel S",
        "XDiavel Dark"
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      "displacement_cc": 1262,
      "power_hp": 152,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 126,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SM / Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440291C / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "240/45 ZR17 M/C (82W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Slim MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 755,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 247,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 30000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) XDiavel / XDiavel S (1262 DVT) (2016–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati XDiavel / XDiavel S (1262 DVT) (2016–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-xdiavel-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-xdiavel-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-xdiavel-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ducati-1299-panigale-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Ducati",
      "brand_ko": "두카티",
      "model": "1299 Panigale / 1299 S",
      "model_ko": "1299 파니갈레 / 1299 S",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2015–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "H8",
        "H9"
      ],
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        "1299 파니갈레 S",
        "1299 파니갈레"
      ],
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        "Ducati 1299 Panigale S",
        "1299 Panigale Final Edition"
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      "displacement_cc": 1285,
      "power_hp": 205,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 144.6,
      "torque_rpm": 8750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Shell Advance Ducati 15W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "44440312B / HF159",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 14
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 M/C (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MAR9A-J",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT7B-BS / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5Ah Slim AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 190.5,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "두카티(Ducati) 1299 Panigale / 1299 S (2015–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Ducati 1299 Panigale / 1299 S (2015–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ducati-1299-panigale-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ducati-1299-panigale-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ducati-1299-panigale-s.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tf-250-x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "TF 250-X (Motocross)",
      "model_ko": "TF 250-X (모토크로스)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TF25X"
      ],
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        "트라이엄프 TF 250X",
        "TF250X 엔듀로/모토크로스"
      ],
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        "Triumph TF 250-X",
        "TF250X 4-Stroke MX"
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      "displacement_cc": 249.9,
      "power_hp": 47.3,
      "power_rpm": 13500,
      "torque_nm": 28.3,
      "torque_rpm": 9250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "36TA0055 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100 - 21 51M",
        "rear_size": "100/90 - 19 57M",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 100,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 100,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 105,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 105
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LM9EZ-N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "LiFePO4 MX Racing Pack",
        "battery_spec": "12V Ultralight Lithium Starter Battery",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 960,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 104,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 150,
        "oil_change_km": 500,
        "oil_filter_km": 500,
        "air_filter_km": 250,
        "spark_plug_km": 1500,
        "drive_service_km": 250,
        "valve_check_km": 1500
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) TF 250-X (Motocross) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph TF 250-X (Motocross) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tf-250-x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tf-250-x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tf-250-x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-scrambler-400-x",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Scrambler 400 X (TR-Series)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 400 X",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TR4X",
        "MD2TR40X"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 400X",
        "트라이엄프 400X"
      ],
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        "Triumph Scrambler 400 X",
        "Scrambler 400X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 37.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.15,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "36TA0055 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 M/C 57V",
        "rear_size": "140/80 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 228,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 228,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 248
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR5NEU / NGK LKAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 179,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Scrambler 400 X (TR-Series) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Scrambler 400 X (TR-Series) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-scrambler-400-x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-scrambler-400-x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-scrambler-400-x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-scrambler-400-xc",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Scrambler 400 XC (Cross-Spoke)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 400 XC",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TR4XC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 400XC",
        "트라이엄프 400 XC"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Scrambler 400 XC",
        "Scrambler 400 Cross-Spoke"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 37.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.15,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "36TA0055 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 M/C 57V",
        "rear_size": "140/80 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 228,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 228,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 248
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR5NEU / NGK LKAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Scrambler 400 XC (Cross-Spoke) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Scrambler 400 XC (Cross-Spoke) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-scrambler-400-xc/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-scrambler-400-xc/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-scrambler-400-xc.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speed-400",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speed 400 (TR-Series)",
      "model_ko": "스피드 400 (TR 시리즈)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SMTX10",
        "TR40"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스피드 400",
        "트라이엄프 400",
        "트라이엄프 스피드400",
        "스크램블러 400X 형제차"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speed 400",
        "TR400 Roadster"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 37.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40 (표준 기온 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.85,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.25,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "JG571014 / T1218001-TR (Paper Element)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17 M/C 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "ETZ9-BS / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 170,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프 스피드 400 / 스크램블러 400 X 공식 오너스 핸드북 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speed 400 Official Owner’s Handbook Technical Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-speed-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-speed-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speed-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-thruxton-400",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Thruxton 400 / Speed T4",
      "model_ko": "스럭스턴 400 / 스피드 T4",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TRT4",
        "TR4C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스럭스턴 400",
        "스피드 T4"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Thruxton 400",
        "Triumph Speed T4"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 398,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 37.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.15,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "36TA0055 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 M/C 54W",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17 M/C 66W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 248,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 228,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 262
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR5NEU / NGK LKAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 176,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Thruxton 400 / Speed T4 (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Thruxton 400 / Speed T4 (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-thruxton-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-thruxton-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-thruxton-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tf-450-rc",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "TF 450-RC Edition (Motocross)",
      "model_ko": "TF 450-RC 에디션",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TF45RC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트라이엄프 TF 450RC",
        "TF450 모토크로스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph TF 450-RC Edition",
        "TF450X MX"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 449.5,
      "power_hp": 62.4,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 49.3,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.05,
        "overhaul_l": 1.15,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "36TA0055 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100 - 21 51M",
        "rear_size": "110/90 - 19 62M",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 100,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 100,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 105,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 105
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LM9EZ-N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "LiFePO4 MX Racing Pack",
        "battery_spec": "12V Ultralight Lithium Starter Battery",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 960,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 108.6,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 150,
        "oil_change_km": 500,
        "oil_filter_km": 500,
        "air_filter_km": 250,
        "spark_plug_km": 1500,
        "drive_service_km": 250,
        "valve_check_km": 1500
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) TF 450-RC Edition (Motocross) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph TF 450-RC Edition (Motocross) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tf-450-rc/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tf-450-rc/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tf-450-rc.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-daytona-660",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Daytona 660",
      "model_ko": "데이토나 660",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LR01",
        "SMTLR01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "데이토나 660",
        "트라이엄프 데이토나 660"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Daytona 660",
        "Daytona 660 Triple"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 660,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 11250,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 201,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Daytona 660 (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Daytona 660 (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-daytona-660/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-daytona-660/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-daytona-660.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-sport-660",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger Sport 660",
      "model_ko": "타이거 스포츠 660",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "L101R",
        "LU01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 스포츠 660",
        "타스 660"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger Sport 660",
        "Tiger 660"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 660,
      "power_hp": 81,
      "power_rpm": 10250,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger Sport 660 (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger Sport 660 (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-sport-660/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-sport-660/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-sport-660.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-trident-660",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Trident 660",
      "model_ko": "트라이던트 660",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SMTL10",
        "L101"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트라이던트 660",
        "삼기통 입문",
        "트라이엄프 트라이던트",
        "트라이던트660"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Trident 660",
        "Trident 660 Triple"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 660,
      "power_hp": 81,
      "power_rpm": 10250,
      "torque_nm": 64,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 (여름철 고회전 주행 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55 R17 M/C 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 235,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 235,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6–0.7 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.3
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프 트라이던트 660 / 타이거 스포츠 660 공식 오너스 핸드북 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Trident 660 Official Owner’s Handbook Maintenance & Technical Data"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-trident-660/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-trident-660/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-trident-660.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-daytona-675-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Daytona 675 / 675R",
      "model_ko": "데이토나 675 / 675R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2006–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "D67LC",
        "H67"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "데이토나 675R",
        "구형 데이토나 675"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Daytona 675R",
        "Daytona 675 Triple"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 675,
      "power_hp": 128,
      "power_rpm": 12500,
      "torque_nm": 74,
      "torque_rpm": 11900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
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        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 255,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 184,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Daytona 675 / 675R (2006–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Daytona 675 / 675R (2006–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-daytona-675-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-daytona-675-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-daytona-675-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-street-triple-675-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Street Triple 675 / 675 R",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 트리플 675 / 675 R",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "D67LD",
        "L67LR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트 트리플 675R",
        "구형 스트리트 트리플 675"
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      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Street Triple 675 R",
        "Street Triple 675"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 675,
      "power_hp": 106,
      "power_rpm": 11850,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 9750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 183,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Street Triple 675 / 675 R (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Street Triple 675 / 675 R (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-street-triple-675-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-street-triple-675-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-street-triple-675-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-street-triple-675-rx",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Street Triple 675 RX",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 트리플 675 RX",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2015–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "L67LR-RX"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트 트리플 RX",
        "스삼 675 RX"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Street Triple RX",
        "675 RX Special Edition"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 675,
      "power_hp": 106,
      "power_rpm": 11850,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 9750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
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        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 183,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Street Triple 675 RX (2015–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Street Triple 675 RX (2015–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-street-triple-675-rx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-street-triple-675-rx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-street-triple-675-rx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-daytona-moto2-765",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Daytona Moto2 765 Limited Edition",
      "model_ko": "데이토나 모토2 765 리미티드",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2020–2021",
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        "H67-M2",
        "HD03"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "데이토나 765 모토2",
        "데이토나 Moto2 한정판"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Daytona Moto2 765",
        "Daytona 765 Limited"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 765,
      "power_hp": 130,
      "power_rpm": 12250,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 9750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.85,
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        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
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        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 255,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 822,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 185,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Daytona Moto2 765 Limited Edition (2020–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Daytona Moto2 765 Limited Edition (2020–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-daytona-moto2-765/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-daytona-moto2-765/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-daytona-moto2-765.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-street-triple-765-moto2",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Street Triple 765 Moto2 Edition",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 트리플 765 모토2 에디션",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "HD60-M2"
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      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트 트리플 모토2",
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      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Street Triple 765 Moto2 Edition",
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      ],
      "displacement_cc": 765,
      "power_hp": 128.2,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.85,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 839,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Street Triple 765 Moto2 Edition (2023–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Street Triple 765 Moto2 Edition (2023–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-moto2/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-moto2/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-moto2.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-street-triple-765-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Street Triple 765 R",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 트리플 765 R",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "HD01",
        "HD04",
        "HD60"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트 트리플 R",
        "스트리트트리플 765R",
        "스삼 765R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Street Triple 765 R",
        "Street Triple R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 765,
      "power_hp": 118.4,
      "power_rpm": 11500,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.85,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 826,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Street Triple 765 R (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Street Triple 765 R (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-street-triple-765-rs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Street Triple 765 RS",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 트리플 765 RS",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SMTH90",
        "HD04",
        "HM01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트 트리플 765",
        "스삼 765 RS",
        "트라이엄프 스삼",
        "스트리트트리플 RS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Street Triple 765 RS",
        "Street Triple RS 765",
        "Moto2 765 Triple"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 765,
      "power_hp": 128.2,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 (트랙 데이/고온 주행 권장)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.85,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.55,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 235,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 235,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 836,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프 스트리트 트리플 765 R / RS 공식 오너스 핸드북 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Street Triple 765 R / RS Official Owner’s Handbook Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-street-triple-765-s",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Street Triple S (660 LAMS / 765)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 트리플 S (660 / 765)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "HD01A",
        "HD02"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트 트리플 S",
        "스삼 660 S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Street Triple 765 S",
        "Street Triple 660 S A2"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 765,
      "power_hp": 113,
      "power_rpm": 11250,
      "torque_nm": 73,
      "torque_rpm": 9100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.85,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Street Triple S (660 LAMS / 765) (2017–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Street Triple S (660 LAMS / 765) (2017–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-street-triple-765-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-bonneville-790",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Bonneville 790 (Hinckley Gen 1)",
      "model_ko": "본네빌 790 (힝클리 초기형)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2001–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "908MD"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "본네빌 790",
        "초기형 캬브 본네빌"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Bonneville 790",
        "Hinckley Carbureted 790"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 790,
      "power_hp": 62,
      "power_rpm": 7400,
      "torque_nm": 60,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 57H",
        "rear_size": "130/80 R17 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 228,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 225,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Bonneville 790 (Hinckley Gen 1) (2001–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Bonneville 790 (Hinckley Gen 1) (2001–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-bonneville-790/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-790/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-bonneville-790.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-sport-800",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger Sport 800",
      "model_ko": "타이거 스포츠 800",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LV01",
        "SMTLV01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 스포츠 800",
        "타스 800"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger Sport 800",
        "Tiger 800 Sport 2025"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 798,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 84,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.6,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger Sport 800 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger Sport 800 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-sport-800/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-sport-800/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-sport-800.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-800-xcx",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger 800 XC / XCx / XCA",
      "model_ko": "타이거 800 XC / XCx / XCA",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2011–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "A08-XC",
        "A082-XC",
        "C201-XC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 800 XCx",
        "타이거 800 XCA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger 800 XCx",
        "Tiger 800 XCA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 800,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 79,
      "torque_rpm": 7850,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.4,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90 - 21 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX16-BS / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 221,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger 800 XC / XCx / XCA (2011–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger 800 XC / XCx / XCA (2011–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-800-xcx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-800-xcx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-800-xcx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-800-xrx",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger 800 / XR / XRx / XRT",
      "model_ko": "타이거 800 XR / XRx / XRT",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2011–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "A08",
        "A082",
        "C201"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 800 XRx",
        "타이거 800 XRT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger 800 XRx",
        "Tiger 800 XRT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 800,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 79,
      "torque_rpm": 7850,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.4,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 57V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX16-BS / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 216,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger 800 / XR / XRx / XRT (2011–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger 800 / XR / XRx / XRT (2011–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-800-xrx/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-800-xrx/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-800-xrx.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-america-865",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Bonneville America / America LT (865)",
      "model_ko": "본네빌 아메리카 865",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "986MK",
        "986MK2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트라이엄프 아메리카",
        "본네빌 아메리카 865"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph America 865",
        "America LT Cruiser"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 865,
      "power_hp": 61,
      "power_rpm": 6800,
      "torque_nm": 72,
      "torque_rpm": 3300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90 - 16 67H",
        "rear_size": "170/80 - 15 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 248,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 221,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 250,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Bonneville America / America LT (865) (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Bonneville America / America LT (865) (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-america-865/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-america-865/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-america-865.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-bonneville-se-865",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Bonneville 865 / SE (Mag Wheel)",
      "model_ko": "본네빌 865 / SE (캐스트 휠)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2009–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "986MF-SE"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "본네빌 SE",
        "맥휠 본네빌 865"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Bonneville SE 865",
        "Mag-Wheel Bonneville 865"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 865,
      "power_hp": 68,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 5800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 54H",
        "rear_size": "130/80 R17 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 228,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 225,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.8
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Bonneville 865 / SE (Mag Wheel) (2009–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Bonneville 865 / SE (Mag Wheel) (2009–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-bonneville-se-865/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-se-865/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-bonneville-se-865.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-bonneville-t100-865",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Bonneville T100 865 (Air-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "본네빌 T100 865 (공유랭)",
      "category": "classic",
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        "986MF",
        "SMTTJ91"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "공랭 본네빌 T100",
        "본네빌 865 T100"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Bonneville T100 865",
        "Air-Cooled T100 EFI"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 865,
      "power_hp": 68,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 5800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 57H",
        "rear_size": "130/80 R17 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 228,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Bonneville T100 865 (Air-Cooled) (2005–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Bonneville T100 865 (Air-Cooled) (2005–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t100-865/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t100-865/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t100-865.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-scrambler-865",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Scrambler 865 (Air-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 900 / 865 (공유랭)",
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        "986MG",
        "986MG2"
      ],
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        "공랭 스크램블러 900",
        "스크램블러 865"
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        "Triumph Scrambler 865",
        "Air-Cooled Triumph Scrambler"
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      "displacement_cc": 865,
      "power_hp": 59,
      "power_rpm": 6800,
      "torque_nm": 68,
      "torque_rpm": 4750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
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        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
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        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 57H",
        "rear_size": "130/80 R17 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.2
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Scrambler 865 (Air-Cooled) (2006–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Scrambler 865 (Air-Cooled) (2006–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-scrambler-865/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-scrambler-865/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-scrambler-865.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speedmaster-865",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speedmaster 865 (Air-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "스피드마스터 865 (공유랭)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2005–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "986ML",
        "986ML2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 스피드마스터 865",
        "공랭 스피드마스터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speedmaster 865",
        "Air-Cooled Speedmaster EFI"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 865,
      "power_hp": 61,
      "power_rpm": 6800,
      "torque_nm": 72,
      "torque_rpm": 3300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 57H",
        "rear_size": "170/80 B15 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 248,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 221,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 250,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Speedmaster 865 (Air-Cooled) (2005–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speedmaster 865 (Air-Cooled) (2005–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speedmaster-865.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-thruxton-900",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Thruxton 900 (865 Air-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "스럭스턴 900 (865 공유랭)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2004–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "986ME",
        "986ME2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스럭스턴 900",
        "공랭 스럭스턴"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Thruxton 900",
        "Thruxton 865 Air-Cooled"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 865,
      "power_hp": 69,
      "power_rpm": 7400,
      "torque_nm": 69,
      "torque_rpm": 5800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.8,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 18 56H",
        "rear_size": "130/80 R17 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 228,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
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        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Thruxton 900 (865 Air-Cooled) (2004–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Thruxton 900 (865 Air-Cooled) (2004–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-thruxton-900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-thruxton-900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-thruxton-900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-thunderbird-900-triple",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Thunderbird 900 / Thunderbird Sport (885 Triple)",
      "model_ko": "썬더버드 900 / 스포츠 (3기통 클래식)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "1995–2004",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "T309RT",
        "309RD"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "썬더버드 900 3기통",
        "썬더버드 스포츠 900"
      ],
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        "Triumph Thunderbird 900 Triple",
        "Thunderbird Sport 885"
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      "displacement_cc": 885,
      "power_hp": 82,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 76,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.5,
        "with_filter_l": 3.75,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1210200 / HF991 (Sump Element)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R18 58V",
        "rear_size": "160/70 R17 73V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB14L-A2 / YTX14AHL-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah AGM Upgrade",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 246,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
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        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Thunderbird 900 / Thunderbird Sport (885 Triple) (1995–2004) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Thunderbird 900 / Thunderbird Sport (885 Triple) (1995–2004) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-900-triple/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-900-triple/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-900-triple.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-850-sport",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger 850 Sport (888 T-Plane)",
      "model_ko": "타이거 850 스포츠",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "C301A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 850 스포츠",
        "타이거 850"
      ],
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        "Triumph Tiger 850 Sport",
        "Tiger 850 T-Plane"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 888,
      "power_hp": 85,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 82,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.95,
        "with_filter_l": 3.15,
        "overhaul_l": 3.55,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 M/C 57V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10–11.2Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 212,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger 850 Sport (888 T-Plane) (2021–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger 850 Sport (888 T-Plane) (2021–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-850-sport/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-850-sport/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-850-sport.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-900-gt-pro",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger 900 GT / GT Pro",
      "model_ko": "타이거 900 GT / GT 프로",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "C301",
        "C302",
        "C350"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 900 GT 프로",
        "타이거 900 GT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger 900 GT Pro",
        "Tiger 900 GT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 888,
      "power_hp": 106.5,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 90,
      "torque_rpm": 6850,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.95,
        "with_filter_l": 3.15,
        "overhaul_l": 3.55,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 19 M/C 57V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 222,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger 900 GT / GT Pro (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger 900 GT / GT Pro (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-900-gt-pro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-900-gt-pro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-900-gt-pro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-900-rally-pro",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger 900 Rally Pro",
      "model_ko": "타이거 900 랠리 프로",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SMTC01",
        "C701",
        "C702"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 900",
        "타이거 900 랠리 프로",
        "트라이엄프 타이거 900",
        "타이거900 GT 프로 형제차"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger 900 Rally Pro",
        "Tiger 900 Rally",
        "T-Plane Tiger 900"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 888,
      "power_hp": 106.5,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 90,
      "torque_rpm": 6850,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 (오프로드 저속/혹서기 권장)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.95,
        "with_filter_l": 3.15,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 235,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 235,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0–11.2Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 228,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프 타이거 900 랠리 프로 / GT 프로 공식 오너스 핸드북 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger 900 Rally Pro Official Owner’s Handbook Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-900-rally-pro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-900-rally-pro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-900-rally-pro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-bonneville-t100",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Bonneville T100 (900 HT)",
      "model_ko": "본네빌 T100 (900 수랭)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DB01",
        "DB04"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "본네빌 T100",
        "수랭 T100"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Bonneville T100 900",
        "Bonneville T100 Black"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 900,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 7400,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 3750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 18 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 248,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 221,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 262
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 228,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Bonneville T100 (900 HT) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Bonneville T100 (900 HT) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-scrambler-900",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Scrambler 900 (Street Scrambler)",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 900 (스트리트 스크램블러)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SMTD62",
        "DC04"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 900",
        "스트리트 스크램블러",
        "트라이엄프 스크램블러 900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Scrambler 900",
        "Street Scrambler 900",
        "Bonneville Scrambler 900"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 900,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 3250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 (혹서기/임도 저속 주행 권장)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 210,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 210,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프 스크램블러 900 (구 스트리트 스크램블러) 공식 오너스 핸드북 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Scrambler 900 (formerly Street Scrambler) Official Owner’s Handbook"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-scrambler-900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-scrambler-900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-scrambler-900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speed-twin-900",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speed Twin 900 (Street Twin)",
      "model_ko": "스피드 트윈 900 (스트리트 트윈)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DP01",
        "DP04",
        "DP50"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스피드 트윈 900",
        "스트리트 트윈",
        "스트리트트윈 900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speed Twin 900",
        "Triumph Street Twin 900"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 900,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 3800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 18 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 248,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 221,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 262
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 216,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Speed Twin 900 (Street Twin) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speed Twin 900 (Street Twin) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-street-cup-900",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Street Cup (900 HT)",
      "model_ko": "스트리트 컵 900",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DZ01",
        "SMTDZ01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스트리트 컵",
        "트라이엄프 스트리트컵"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Street Cup 900",
        "Street Twin Cafe"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 900,
      "power_hp": 55,
      "power_rpm": 5900,
      "torque_nm": 80,
      "torque_rpm": 3230,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90 - 18 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 248,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 221,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 262
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Street Cup (900 HT) (2017–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Street Cup (900 HT) (2017–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-street-cup-900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-street-cup-900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-street-cup-900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-daytona-955i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Daytona 955i (T595)",
      "model_ko": "데이토나 955i (T595)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1997–2006",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "T595",
        "595N"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "데이토나 955i",
        "트라이엄프 T595 데이토나"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Daytona 955i",
        "Triumph T595 Daytona"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 955,
      "power_hp": 149,
      "power_rpm": 10700,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 8200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Daytona 955i (T595) (1997–2006) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Daytona 955i (T595) (1997–2006) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-daytona-955i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-daytona-955i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-daytona-955i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speed-triple-955i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speed Triple 955i (T509 / 955)",
      "model_ko": "스피드 트리플 955i (T509)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "1997–2004",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "T509",
        "595RPT"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스피드 트리플 955i",
        "미션임파서블 스피드트리플"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speed Triple 955i",
        "Triumph T509 Speed Triple"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 955,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 9100,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 5100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EK",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Speed Triple 955i (T509 / 955) (1997–2004) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speed Triple 955i (T509 / 955) (1997–2004) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-955i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-955i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-955i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speed-triple-1050-rs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speed Triple 1050 / R / S / RS",
      "model_ko": "스피드 트리플 1050 / S / RS",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2005–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "515NJ",
        "515NV",
        "NN01",
        "NN02"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스피드 트리플 1050RS",
        "스피드 트리플 1050R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speed Triple 1050 RS",
        "Speed Triple 1050 R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1050,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 117,
      "torque_rpm": 7150,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 212,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Speed Triple 1050 / R / S / RS (2005–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speed Triple 1050 / R / S / RS (2005–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1050-rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1050-rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1050-rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-sprint-st-1050",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Sprint ST 1050 / Sprint GT 1050",
      "model_ko": "스프린트 ST 1050 / GT 1050",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2005–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "215NA",
        "215ND"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트라이엄프 스프린트 ST 1050",
        "스프린트 GT 1050"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Sprint ST 1050",
        "Triumph Sprint GT 1050"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1050,
      "power_hp": 125,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 104,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12B-BS / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10–12Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 241,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Sprint ST 1050 / Sprint GT 1050 (2005–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Sprint ST 1050 / Sprint GT 1050 (2005–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-sprint-st-1050/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-sprint-st-1050/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-sprint-st-1050.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-1050-sport",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger 1050 / Tiger Sport 1050",
      "model_ko": "타이거 1050 / 타이거 스포츠 1050",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2007–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "115NG",
        "NH01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 스포츠 1050",
        "타이거 1050"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger Sport 1050",
        "Tiger 1050 SE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1050,
      "power_hp": 126,
      "power_rpm": 9475,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / YT12B-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger 1050 / Tiger Sport 1050 (2007–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger 1050 / Tiger Sport 1050 (2007–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-1050-sport/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-1050-sport/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-1050-sport.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speed-triple-1200-rr",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speed Triple 1200 RR",
      "model_ko": "스피드 트리플 1200 RR",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2022–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PB01-RR",
        "PB02"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스피드 트리플 1200RR",
        "스삼 1200 RR 하프카울"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speed Triple 1200 RR",
        "Speed Triple RR Breitling"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1160,
      "power_hp": 180,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "Triumph LiFePO4 Lithium",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lightweight Lithium-Ion",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Speed Triple 1200 RR (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speed Triple 1200 RR (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1200-rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1200-rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1200-rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speed-triple-1200-rs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speed Triple 1200 RS",
      "model_ko": "스피드 트리플 1200 RS",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PB01",
        "SMTPB01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스피드 트리플 1200RS",
        "스피드트리플 1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speed Triple 1200 RS",
        "Speed Triple 1160 RS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1160,
      "power_hp": 180,
      "power_rpm": 10750,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "Triumph LiFePO4 Lithium",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lightweight Lithium-Ion Battery",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Speed Triple 1200 RS (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speed Triple 1200 RS (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1200-rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1200-rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speed-triple-1200-rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-1200-gt-pro",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger 1200 GT / GT Pro / GT Explorer",
      "model_ko": "타이거 1200 GT 프로 / 익스플로러",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PV01",
        "SMTPV01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 1200 GT 프로",
        "신형 타이거 1200 GT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger 1200 GT Pro",
        "Tiger 1200 GT Explorer"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1160,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Fully Synthetic Hypoid Oil (180 ml bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19 M/C 60V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18 M/C 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 228,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / Triumph LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V Heavy-Duty AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 245,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 16000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger 1200 GT / GT Pro / GT Explorer (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger 1200 GT / GT Pro / GT Explorer (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-1200-gt-pro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-1200-gt-pro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-1200-gt-pro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-1200-rally-explorer",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger 1200 Rally Pro / Rally Explorer",
      "model_ko": "타이거 1200 랠리 프로 / 랠리 익스플로러",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PV02",
        "SMTPV02"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 1200 랠리 익스플로러",
        "타이거 1200 랠리 프로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger 1200 Rally Explorer",
        "Tiger 1200 Rally Pro"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1160,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 130,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Fully Synthetic Hypoid Oil (180 ml bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90 - 21 M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18 M/C 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / Triumph LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V Heavy-Duty AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 261,
        "fuel_tank_l": 30,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 16000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger 1200 Rally Pro / Rally Explorer (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger 1200 Rally Pro / Rally Explorer (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-1200-rally-explorer/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-1200-rally-explorer/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-1200-rally-explorer.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-bonneville-bobber",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Bonneville Bobber / Bobber Black (1200)",
      "model_ko": "본네빌 바버 / 바버 블랙",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DV01",
        "DV04"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "본네빌 바버",
        "트라이엄프 바버 1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Bonneville Bobber",
        "Bonneville Bobber Black"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 78,
      "power_rpm": 6100,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90 B16 M/C 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80 R16 M/C 71V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 221,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 262
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 690,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 251,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Bonneville Bobber / Bobber Black (1200) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Bonneville Bobber / Bobber Black (1200) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-bonneville-bobber/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-bobber/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-bonneville-bobber.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-bonneville-speedmaster",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Bonneville Speedmaster (1200 HT)",
      "model_ko": "본네빌 스피드마스터 1200",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DV02",
        "DV05"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "본네빌 스피드마스터",
        "스피드마스터 1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Bonneville Speedmaster 1200",
        "Speedmaster HT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 78,
      "power_rpm": 6100,
      "torque_nm": 106,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90 B16 M/C 73H",
        "rear_size": "150/80 R16 M/C 71V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 221,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 221,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 289
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 705,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 263,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Bonneville Speedmaster (1200 HT) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Bonneville Speedmaster (1200 HT) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-bonneville-speedmaster/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-speedmaster/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-bonneville-speedmaster.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-bonneville-t120",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Bonneville T120 / Black (1200 HT)",
      "model_ko": "본네빌 T120 / 블랙",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DU01",
        "DU04"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트라이엄프 본네빌 T120",
        "본네빌 1200",
        "영국 클래식 바이크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph T120 Black",
        "Bonneville 1200 High Torque DU01 DU04"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 80,
      "power_rpm": 6550,
      "torque_nm": 105,
      "torque_rpm": 3500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "150/70R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 236,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 800,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프 Bonneville T120 공식 오너스 핸드북 정비 규격 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Bonneville T120 Official Owner’s Handbook Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t120/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t120/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-bonneville-t120.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-scrambler-1200-x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Scrambler 1200 XC / 1200 X",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 1200 X / XC",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DS02",
        "DS51"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 1200X",
        "스크램블러 1200XC"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Scrambler 1200 X",
        "Scrambler 1200 XC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 90,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 110,
      "torque_rpm": 4250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90 - 21 M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 228,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Scrambler 1200 XC / 1200 X (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Scrambler 1200 XC / 1200 X (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-scrambler-1200-x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-scrambler-1200-x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-scrambler-1200-x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-scrambler-1200-xe",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Scrambler 1200 XE",
      "model_ko": "스크램블러 1200 XE",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DS01",
        "DS04",
        "DS50"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스크램블러 1200XE",
        "스크램블러 1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Scrambler 1200 XE",
        "Scrambler 1200 Extreme"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 90,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 110,
      "torque_rpm": 4250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90 - 21 M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 276
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Scrambler 1200 XE (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Scrambler 1200 XE (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-scrambler-1200-xe/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-scrambler-1200-xe/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-scrambler-1200-xe.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speed-twin-1200",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speed Twin 1200",
      "model_ko": "스피드 트윈 1200",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DD01",
        "DD04"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스피드 트윈 1200",
        "스피드트윈 1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speed Twin 1200",
        "Speed Twin 1200 HP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 100,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 4250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 809,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 216,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Speed Twin 1200 (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speed Twin 1200 (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-speed-twin-1200-rs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Speed Twin 1200 RS",
      "model_ko": "스피드 트윈 1200 RS",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DD50",
        "SMTDD50"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스피드 트윈 1200 RS",
        "스럭스턴 후속 RS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Speed Twin 1200 RS",
        "2025 Speed Twin RS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 4250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 262,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 216,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Speed Twin 1200 RS (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Speed Twin 1200 RS (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-1200-rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-1200-rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-speed-twin-1200-rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-thruxton-1200-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Thruxton 1200 / 1200 R",
      "model_ko": "스럭스턴 1200 / 1200 R",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2016–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DE01",
        "SMTDE01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스럭스턴 1200R",
        "수랭 스럭스턴 1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Thruxton 1200 R",
        "Thruxton 1200 Standard"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 97,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 4950,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Thruxton 1200 / 1200 R (2016–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Thruxton 1200 / 1200 R (2016–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-thruxton-1200-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-thruxton-1200-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-thruxton-1200-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-thruxton-rs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Thruxton RS (1200 HP)",
      "model_ko": "스럭스턴 RS / 파이널 에디션",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2020–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "DE01A",
        "DE04"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스럭스턴 RS",
        "스럭스턴 1200 RS",
        "스럭스턴 파이널에디션"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Thruxton RS",
        "Thruxton Final Edition"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1200,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 112,
      "torque_rpm": 4250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.4,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C (69W)",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Thruxton RS (1200 HP) (2020–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Thruxton RS (1200 HP) (2020–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-thruxton-rs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-thruxton-rs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-thruxton-rs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-tiger-explorer-1200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Tiger Explorer 1200 / XRx / XCx / XRT / XCA (1215)",
      "model_ko": "타이거 익스플로러 1200 (구형 1215)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2012–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "V13VG",
        "V201",
        "V301"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "타이거 익스플로러 1200",
        "구형 타이거 1200 XRT/XCA"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Tiger Explorer 1200",
        "Tiger 1200 XRT / XCA 1215"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1215,
      "power_hp": 141,
      "power_rpm": 9350,
      "torque_nm": 122,
      "torque_rpm": 7600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Synthetic Hypoid Oil (180 ml single-sided shaft bevel)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX16-BS / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 16–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 837,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 259,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 16000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Tiger Explorer 1200 / XRx / XCx / XRT / XCA (1215) (2012–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Tiger Explorer 1200 / XRx / XCx / XRT / XCA (1215) (2012–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-tiger-explorer-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-tiger-explorer-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-tiger-explorer-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-trophy-se-1215",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Trophy / Trophy SE 1215",
      "model_ko": "트로피 / 트로피 SE 1215",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2013–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "V13VH"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트라이엄프 트로피 SE",
        "트로피 1200 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Trophy SE 1215",
        "Trophy 1200 Luxury Tourer"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1215,
      "power_hp": 134,
      "power_rpm": 8900,
      "torque_nm": 120,
      "torque_rpm": 6450,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Synthetic Hypoid Gear Oil (180 ml shaft bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 M/C (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIA-9 / LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20L-BS / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah High-Output AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 301,
        "fuel_tank_l": 26,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 16000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Trophy / Trophy SE 1215 (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Trophy / Trophy SE 1215 (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-trophy-se-1215/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-trophy-se-1215/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-trophy-se-1215.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-thunderbird-1600",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Thunderbird 1600",
      "model_ko": "썬더버드 1600",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2009–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B16BA",
        "SMTB01"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "트라이엄프 썬더버드 1600",
        "썬더버드 벨트 크루저"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Thunderbird 1600",
        "Thunderbird B16BA"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1597,
      "power_hp": 86,
      "power_rpm": 4850,
      "torque_nm": 146,
      "torque_rpm": 2750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "200/50 R17 75V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9 (Twin-Spark 4 Plugs)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 700,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 339,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Thunderbird 1600 (2009–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Thunderbird 1600 (2009–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-1600/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-1600/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-1600.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-thunderbird-storm-1700",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Thunderbird Storm / Commander / LT (1700)",
      "model_ko": "썬더버드 스톰 / 커맨더 1700",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2011–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "B17BA",
        "B17BC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "썬더버드 스톰 1700",
        "썬더버드 LT 1700"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Thunderbird Storm 1700",
        "Thunderbird Commander 1700"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1699,
      "power_hp": 98,
      "power_rpm": 5200,
      "torque_nm": 156,
      "torque_rpm": 2950,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.8,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "200/50 R17 75V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9 (Twin-Spark 4 Plugs)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 700,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 339,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Thunderbird Storm / Commander / LT (1700) (2011–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Thunderbird Storm / Commander / LT (1700) (2011–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-storm-1700/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-storm-1700/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-thunderbird-storm-1700.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-rocket-iii-roadster",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Rocket III / Classic / Touring / Roadster (2294cc)",
      "model_ko": "로켓 III 클래식 / 로드스터 (구형 2,294cc)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2004–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "C23XB",
        "SMTTC23"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 로켓 3 2300",
        "로켓 III 로드스터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Rocket III Roadster 2300",
        "Rocket III Classic / Touring"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 2294,
      "power_hp": 148,
      "power_rpm": 5750,
      "torque_nm": 221,
      "torque_rpm": 2750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher (Castrol Power 1 Racing)",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.4,
        "overhaul_l": 5.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Synthetic Hypoid Oil (170 ml shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "150/80 R17 V",
        "rear_size": "240/50 R16 V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 234,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 234,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR8EA-9 (Twin-Spark 6 Plugs)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah High-CCA AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 367,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Rocket III / Classic / Touring / Roadster (2294cc) (2004–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Rocket III / Classic / Touring / Roadster (2294cc) (2004–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-rocket-iii-roadster/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-rocket-iii-roadster/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-rocket-iii-roadster.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-rocket-3-gt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Rocket 3 GT / Storm GT (2500cc)",
      "model_ko": "로켓 3 GT / 스톰 GT (2,458cc)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Y101",
        "Y102",
        "SMTY102"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로켓 3 GT",
        "로켓3 스톰 GT",
        "트라이엄프 2500 GT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Rocket 3 GT",
        "Rocket 3 Storm GT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 2458,
      "power_hp": 182,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 225,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH+ Semi/Full Synthetic (Castrol Power 1 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 4.4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.65,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 Fully Synthetic Hypoid Gear Oil (170 ml shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "150/80 R17 V",
        "rear_size": "240/50 R16 V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9 (Twin-Spark 6 Plugs!)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah High-CCA Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 320,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프(Triumph) Rocket 3 GT / Storm GT (2500cc) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Rocket 3 GT / Storm GT (2500cc) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-rocket-3-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-rocket-3-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-rocket-3-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "triumph-rocket-3-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Triumph",
      "brand_ko": "트라이엄프",
      "model": "Rocket 3 R / Storm R (2500cc)",
      "model_ko": "로켓 3 R / 스톰 R (2,458cc)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SMTY10",
        "Y101",
        "Y102"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로켓 3",
        "로켓3 R",
        "트라이엄프 로켓",
        "로켓 3 스톰",
        "2500cc 바이크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Triumph Rocket 3 R",
        "Rocket 3 Storm R",
        "Rocket III 2500"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 2458,
      "power_hp": 165,
      "power_rpm": 6000,
      "torque_nm": 221,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40 (한랭지/동절기 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SH or higher Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4.4,
        "with_filter_l": 4.6,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "T1218001 / HF204",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 170,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 API GL-5 Fully Synthetic Hypoid Bevel Oil (170 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "150/80 R17 V",
        "rear_size": "240/50 R16 V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 290,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 290,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8A-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 6,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah High-CCA Sealed AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 773,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 317,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 16000,
        "oil_filter_km": 16000,
        "air_filter_km": 16000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 32000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "트라이엄프 로켓 3 R / GT / 스톰 공식 오너스 핸드북 및 정비 지침 기준",
        "en": "Triumph Rocket 3 R / GT / Storm Official Owner’s Handbook & Workshop Data"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/triumph-rocket-3-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/triumph-rocket-3-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/triumph-rocket-3-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-bullet-350-uce",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Bullet 350 (UCE)",
      "model_ko": "불릿 350 (구형 UCE)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2010–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3U3B5C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 불릿 350",
        "불릿 350 킥스타트"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "RE Bullet 350 UCE",
        "Bullet Standard 350"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 346,
      "power_hp": 19.8,
      "power_rpm": 5250,
      "torque_nm": 28,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.45,
        "overhaul_l": 2.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.25-19 54P",
        "rear_size": "3.25-19 54P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 140,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 155,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5DDC + W7DC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "12N5-3B / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 5.0–8.0Ah",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Bullet 350 (UCE) (2010–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Bullet 350 (UCE) (2010–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-350-uce/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-350-uce/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-350-uce.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-classic-350-uce",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Classic 350 (UCE Pre-2021)",
      "model_ko": "클래식 350 (구형 UCE)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2009–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3U3S5C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 클래식 350",
        "클래식 350 UCE",
        "카뷰레터 클래식 350"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "RE Classic 350 UCE",
        "Classic 350 BS4 / BS6 UCE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 346,
      "power_hp": 19.8,
      "power_rpm": 5250,
      "torque_nm": 28,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.45,
        "overhaul_l": 2.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-19 M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "110/90-18 M/C 61P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 140,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 155,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5DDC + W7DC (Twinspark)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "12N9-4B-1 / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–9.0Ah",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Classic 350 (UCE Pre-2021) (2009–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Classic 350 (UCE Pre-2021) (2009–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350-uce/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350-uce/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350-uce.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-electra-350",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Bullet Electra 350 (UCE)",
      "model_ko": "불릿 일렉트라 350",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2010–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3U3E5C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "불릿 일렉트라",
        "불릿 ES 350"
      ],
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        "RE Bullet Electra 350",
        "Bullet ES 350"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 346,
      "power_hp": 19.8,
      "power_rpm": 5250,
      "torque_nm": 28,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.45,
        "overhaul_l": 2.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "3.25-19 54P",
        "rear_size": "3.25-19 54P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 140,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 155,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5DDC + W7DC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / 12V 14Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 187,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37
      },
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
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        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Bullet Electra 350 (UCE) (2010–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Bullet Electra 350 (UCE) (2010–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-electra-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-electra-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-electra-350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-thunderbird-350",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Thunderbird 350 / Thunderbird 350X",
      "model_ko": "썬더버드 350 / 350X",
      "category": "cruiser",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3U3T5C"
      ],
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        "로얄엔필드 썬더버드 350",
        "썬더버드 350X"
      ],
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        "RE Thunderbird 350",
        "Thunderbird 350X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 346,
      "power_hp": 19.8,
      "power_rpm": 5250,
      "torque_nm": 28,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.45,
        "overhaul_l": 2.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-19 M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 155,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 165,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5DDC + W7DC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "12V 8Ah VRLA / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 197,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34
      },
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Thunderbird 350 / Thunderbird 350X (2012–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Thunderbird 350 / Thunderbird 350X (2012–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-thunderbird-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-thunderbird-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-thunderbird-350.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-bullet-350",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Bullet 350 (J-Series)",
      "model_ko": "불릿 350 (J-시리즈)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3J3A5F",
        "J1B"
      ],
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        "로얄엔필드 불릿 350",
        "신형 불릿350"
      ],
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        "RE Bullet 350 J-Series",
        "New Bullet 350"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 349,
      "power_hp": 20.2,
      "power_rpm": 6100,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 2.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1570120 / HF511",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch YR7MES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Bullet 350 (J-Series) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Bullet 350 (J-Series) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-classic-350",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Classic 350 (J-Series / J1A)",
      "model_ko": "클래식 350 (J-시리즈)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "J1A",
        "J-Series"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로얄엔필드 클래식350",
        "메테오 350 호환",
        "헌터 350 호환",
        "클삼오"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Royal Enfield Classic 350 Reborn",
        "J-Platform 349cc"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 349,
      "power_hp": 20.2,
      "power_rpm": 6100,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL Semi-Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 2.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 1570120 / HF168",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 M/C 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch YR7MES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / 12V 8Ah VRLA",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF VRLA",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드 All-New Classic 350 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield All-New Classic 350 (J-Series) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-goan-classic-350",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Goan Classic 350",
      "model_ko": "고안 클래식 350",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3J3GC35",
        "J1G"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "고안 클래식 350",
        "로얄엔필드 보버 350"
      ],
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        "RE Goan Classic 350",
        "Royal Enfield Bobber 350"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 349,
      "power_hp": 20.2,
      "power_rpm": 6100,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 2.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1570120 / HF511",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57P",
        "rear_size": "130/90-16 M/C 67P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch YR7MES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 197,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 36.2
      },
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Goan Classic 350 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Goan Classic 350 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-goan-classic-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-goan-classic-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-goan-classic-350.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-hunter-350",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Hunter 350 (J-Series)",
      "model_ko": "헌터 350 (J 시리즈)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3J1C",
        "J1C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "헌터 350",
        "로얄엔필드 헌터",
        "헌터350",
        "로얄엔필드 입문"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Royal Enfield Hunter 350",
        "HNTR 350",
        "J1C Hunter"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 349,
      "power_hp": 20.2,
      "power_rpm": 6100,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher Semi-Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 2.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1570120 / HF511",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-17 54P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 66P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch YR7MES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ9-BS / 12V 8Ah VRLA",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah Sealed MF VRLA",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 181,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드 헌터 350 (J1C) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Hunter 350 (J1C) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-hunter-350/",
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-hunter-350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-meteor-350",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Meteor 350 (Fireball / Stellar / Supernova)",
      "model_ko": "메테오 350 (파이어볼 / 스텔라 / 슈퍼노바)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3J1D",
        "J1D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "메테오 350",
        "로얄엔필드 메테오",
        "메테오350",
        "350 크루저"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Royal Enfield Meteor 350",
        "J1D Meteor 350"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 349,
      "power_hp": 20.2,
      "power_rpm": 6100,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher Semi-Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 2.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1570120 / HF511",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 57P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 66P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch YR7MES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ9-BS / 12V 8Ah VRLA",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah Sealed MF VRLA",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 191,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드 메테오 350 (J1D) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Meteor 350 (J1D) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-meteor-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-meteor-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-meteor-350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-himalayan-411",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Himalayan 411 (LS410)",
      "model_ko": "히말라얀 411 (LS410)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2016–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3D4A5F",
        "LS410"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 히말라얀",
        "히말라얀 411",
        "로얄엔필드 히말라얀 공랭"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "RE Himalayan 411",
        "Himalayan LS410"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 411,
      "power_hp": 24.3,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 32,
      "torque_rpm": 4250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 574297 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "120/90-17 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 190,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 235
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EA-9 / Bosch UR5DC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Himalayan 411 (LS410) (2016–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Himalayan 411 (LS410) (2016–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-411/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-411/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-411.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-scram-411",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Scram 411",
      "model_ko": "스크램 411",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2022–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3D4S41",
        "LS410S"
      ],
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        "로얄엔필드 스크램 411",
        "스크램411"
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        "RE Scram 411",
        "Royal Enfield Scram"
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      "displacement_cc": 411,
      "power_hp": 24.3,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 32,
      "torque_rpm": 4250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 574297 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57S",
        "rear_size": "120/90-17 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 190,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 235
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EA-9 / Bosch UR5DC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 194,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30.5
      },
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Scram 411 (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Scram 411 (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-scram-411.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-scram-440",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Scram 440",
      "model_ko": "스크램 440",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3D4S44",
        "LS440"
      ],
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        "로얄엔필드 스크램 440",
        "스크램440"
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        "RE Scram 440",
        "Scram 440 Trail / Force"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 443,
      "power_hp": 25.4,
      "power_rpm": 6250,
      "torque_nm": 34,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.65,
        "with_filter_l": 2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 574297 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57S",
        "rear_size": "120/90-17 M/C 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 195,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 205,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5DC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
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      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
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        "break_in_km": 500,
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        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Scram 440 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Scram 440 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-scram-440.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-guerrilla-450",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Guerrilla 450 (Sherpa 452)",
      "model_ko": "게릴라 450 (셰르파 452)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3K1G45",
        "GRR450"
      ],
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        "로얄엔필드 게릴라 450",
        "게릴라450"
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        "RE Guerrilla 450",
        "Royal Enfield GRR 450"
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      "displacement_cc": 452,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 40,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Semi/Full Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.95,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
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        "filter_oem_code": "RE K1G00175 (Paper Element + Dual Strainers)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R17 58H",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R17 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR5NEU / Champion RER6YCA",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 185,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
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        "oil_change_km": 10000,
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        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Guerrilla 450 (Sherpa 452) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Guerrilla 450 (Sherpa 452) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-guerrilla-450/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-guerrilla-450/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-guerrilla-450.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-himalayan-450",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Himalayan 450 (Sherpa 452)",
      "model_ko": "히말라얀 450 (셰르파 452)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Sherpa 452",
        "K1G"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 히말라얀 450",
        "로얄엔필드 히말라얀",
        "히말450"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Royal Enfield New Himalayan 452",
        "Sherpa 450"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 452,
      "power_hp": 40,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 40,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.95,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE K1G00175 (Paper Element + Dual Strainers)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54H",
        "rear_size": "140/80R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch YR7MES / Champion RER6YCA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / 12V 8Ah VRLA",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF VRLA",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드 All-New Himalayan 450 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield All-New Himalayan 450 Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-450/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-450/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-himalayan-450.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-bullet-500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Bullet 500 EFI (UCE)",
      "model_ko": "불릿 500 EFI",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2011–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3B5E5F"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로얄엔필드 불릿 500",
        "불릿500 포레스트그린"
      ],
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        "RE Bullet 500 EFI",
        "Bullet 500 UCE"
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      "displacement_cc": 499,
      "power_hp": 27.2,
      "power_rpm": 5250,
      "torque_nm": 41.3,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.45,
        "overhaul_l": 2.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-19 M/C 52V",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 M/C 62V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 155,
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch WR7DDC4",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Bullet 500 EFI (UCE) (2011–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Bullet 500 EFI (UCE) (2011–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-500/",
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    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-bullet-trials-500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Bullet Trials Works Replica 500",
      "model_ko": "불릿 트라이얼 500",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3B5T5F"
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        "불릿 트라이얼즈 500",
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        "RE Bullet Trials 500",
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      "displacement_cc": 499,
      "power_hp": 27.2,
      "power_rpm": 5250,
      "torque_nm": 41.3,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
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      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-19 M/C 52P",
        "rear_size": "110/80-18 M/C 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 155,
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        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch WR7DDC4",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.5
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Bullet Trials Works Replica 500 (2019–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Bullet Trials Works Replica 500 (2019–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-trials-500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-bullet-trials-500/",
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    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-classic-500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Classic 500 EFI (UCE)",
      "model_ko": "클래식 500 EFI",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2009–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3C5E5F",
        "UCE500"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로얄엔필드 클래식 500",
        "클래식500 크롬",
        "클래식 500 데저트스톰"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "RE Classic 500 EFI",
        "Classic 500 Chrome / Stealth Black"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 499,
      "power_hp": 27.2,
      "power_rpm": 5250,
      "torque_nm": 41.3,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.45,
        "overhaul_l": 2.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-19 M/C 52V",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 M/C 62V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 155,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 165,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch WR7DDC4 / NGK BPR6ES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / 12V 14Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 196,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27
      },
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Classic 500 EFI (UCE) (2009–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Classic 500 EFI (UCE) (2009–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-thunderbird-500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Thunderbird 500 / Thunderbird 500X",
      "model_ko": "썬더버드 500 / 500X",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2012–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3C5T5F"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로얄엔필드 썬더버드 500",
        "썬더버드 500X"
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        "Thunderbird 500X EFI"
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      "power_hp": 27.2,
      "power_rpm": 5250,
      "torque_nm": 41.3,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
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        "with_filter_l": 2.45,
        "overhaul_l": 2.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-19 M/C 52V",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 M/C 62V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 155,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 165,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 245
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch WR7DDC4 + W7DC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 197,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.5
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Thunderbird 500 / Thunderbird 500X (2012–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Thunderbird 500 / Thunderbird 500X (2012–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-continental-gt-535",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Continental GT 535",
      "model_ko": "컨티넨탈 GT 535",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2013–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3CGT53"
      ],
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        "컨티넨탈 GT 535",
        "구형 단기통 GT535"
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      "aliases_en": [
        "RE Continental GT 535",
        "Continental GT 535 Single"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 535,
      "power_hp": 29.1,
      "power_rpm": 5100,
      "torque_nm": 44,
      "torque_rpm": 4000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL (RE Liquid Gun 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.45,
        "overhaul_l": 2.75,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "RE 500616 / HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "130/70-18 M/C 63H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 210,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch WR7DDC4 / NGK BPR6ES",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 184,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26
      },
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        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Continental GT 535 (2013–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Continental GT 535 (2013–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-continental-gt-535.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-bear-650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Bear 650",
      "model_ko": "베어 650",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3CNEBR6",
        "BR650"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로얄엔필드 베어 650",
        "베어650",
        "인터셉터 스크램블러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "RE Bear 650",
        "Royal Enfield Bear 650"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 648,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 7150,
      "torque_nm": 56.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5150,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "575139 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/80 R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 235,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5CC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 216,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Bear 650 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Bear 650 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-bear-650/",
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-bear-650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-classic-650",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Classic 650 Twin",
      "model_ko": "클래식 650 트윈",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3CNEC65",
        "CL650"
      ],
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        "로얄엔필드 클래식 650",
        "클래식650"
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        "Royal Enfield Classic 650 Twin"
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      "displacement_cc": 648,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 52.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5650,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "575139 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "140/70 R18 M/C 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5CC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 243,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
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      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Classic 650 Twin (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Classic 650 Twin (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-650/",
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-classic-650.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-continental-gt-650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Continental GT 650",
      "model_ko": "컨티넨탈 GT 650",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3CNEGT6",
        "P3A"
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        "컨티넨탈 GT650",
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      "displacement_cc": 648,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 52.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5150,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
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        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
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        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
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        "filter_oem_code": "575139 / HF160",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "130/70-18 M/C 63H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5CC / NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 804,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 214,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
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      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Continental GT 650 (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Continental GT 650 (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-continental-gt-650/",
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-interceptor-650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Interceptor 650 (INT 650)",
      "model_ko": "인터셉터 650 (INT 650)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3P2A",
        "P2A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인터셉터 650",
        "컨티넨탈 GT 650",
        "로얄엔필드 650",
        "인셉 650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Royal Enfield Interceptor 650",
        "INT650",
        "Continental GT 650 Twin"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 648,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 52.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5150,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
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        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "575139 / HF515",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "130/70-18 M/C 63H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5CC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / 12V 12Ah VRLA",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 217,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드 인터셉터 650 / 컨티넨탈 GT 650 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Interceptor 650 / Continental GT 650 Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-shotgun-650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Shotgun 650",
      "model_ko": "샷건 650",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3CNESG6",
        "SG650"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로얄엔필드 샷건 650",
        "샷건650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "RE Shotgun 650",
        "Royal Enfield Shotgun"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 648,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 52.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5650,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "575139 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 M/C 56H",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 M/C 69H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5CC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 240,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드(Royal Enfield) Shotgun 650 (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Shotgun 650 (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-shotgun-650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-shotgun-650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-shotgun-650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "royal-enfield-super-meteor-650",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Royal Enfield",
      "brand_ko": "로얄엔필드",
      "model": "Super Meteor 650 (Astral / Interstellar / Celestial)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼 메테오 650 (아스트랄 / 인터스텔라 / 셀레스티얼)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ME3P3A",
        "P3A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "슈퍼 메테오 650",
        "슈퍼메테오",
        "로얄엔필드 슈퍼메테오",
        "650 크루저"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Royal Enfield Super Meteor 650",
        "Super Meteor Celestial 650"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 648,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 52.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5650,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL or higher Fully Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3.1,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "575139 / HF515",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80 B16 M/C 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 280,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 280,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch UR5CC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS / 12V 12Ah VRLA",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 241,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "로얄엔필드 슈퍼 메테오 650 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Royal Enfield Super Meteor 650 Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Data"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/royal-enfield-super-meteor-650/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/royal-enfield-super-meteor-650/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/royal-enfield-super-meteor-650.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-125-duke",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "125 Duke (LC4c)",
      "model_ko": "125 듀크",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPA40",
        "LC4c-125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "125듀크",
        "듀크125",
        "입문용 듀크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 125 Duke",
        "Duke 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 154,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 125 Duke (LC4c) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 125 Duke (LC4c) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-125-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-125-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-125-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-rc-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "RC 125",
      "model_ko": "RC 125",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2014–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJYA40-125",
        "JY1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "RC125",
        "알씨125",
        "입문용 레플리카"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM RC 125",
        "RC125 Gen 2"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 824,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 160,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM RC 125 (2014–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM RC 125 (2014–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-rc-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-rc-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-rc-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-200-duke",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "200 Duke",
      "model_ko": "200 듀크",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2012–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJUC40",
        "JU"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "200듀크",
        "듀크200",
        "엔트리 듀크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 200 Duke",
        "Duke 200"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 200,
      "power_hp": 26,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 19.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.6,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 159,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 200 Duke (2012–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 200 Duke (2012–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-200-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-200-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-200-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-rc-200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "RC 200",
      "model_ko": "RC 200",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2014–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJYC40",
        "JY2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "RC200",
        "알씨200",
        "쿼터급 RC"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM RC 200",
        "RC200 Gen 2"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 200,
      "power_hp": 25.8,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 19.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.4,
        "with_filter_l": 1.6,
        "overhaul_l": 1.8,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 824,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 160,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM RC 200 (2014–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM RC 200 (2014–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-rc-200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-rc-200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-rc-200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-250-adventure",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "250 Adventure",
      "model_ko": "250 어드벤처",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPJ43",
        "JG"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "250어드벤처",
        "쿼터급 어드벤처",
        "듀크 어드벤처 250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 250 Adventure",
        "250 ADV"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 30,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 24,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 855,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 177,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 250 Adventure (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 250 Adventure (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-250-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-250-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-250-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-250-duke",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "250 Duke (Gen 3 LC4c)",
      "model_ko": "250 듀크 (3세대 LC4c)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPJ40",
        "LC4c-250"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "250듀크",
        "듀크250",
        "신형 250듀크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 250 Duke",
        "Duke 250 LC4c"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 31,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 25,
      "torque_rpm": 7250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 165,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 250 Duke (Gen 3 LC4c) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 250 Duke (Gen 3 LC4c) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-250-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-250-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-250-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-250-exc-f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "250 EXC-F",
      "model_ko": "250 EXC-F",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKEXA40-250",
        "249.9cc"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "250EXCF",
        "이오공 이엑스씨",
        "4행정 250 엔듀로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 250 EXC-F",
        "250 EXC-F Six Days"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 250,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 29,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 130,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 130,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 150,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 150
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 955,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 111,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 250 EXC-F (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 250 EXC-F (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-250-exc-f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-250-exc-f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-250-exc-f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-250-sx-f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "250 SX-F",
      "model_ko": "250 SX-F (모토크로스)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKSXK43",
        "249.9-SXF"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "250SXF",
        "4행정 250 모토크로스",
        "MX2 KTM"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 250 SX-F",
        "250 SXF MX2"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 250,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 13200,
      "torque_nm": 29.5,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.25,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21",
        "rear_size": "110/90-19",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 105,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 105,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 115,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 115
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 958,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 106,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 250 SX-F (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 250 SX-F (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-250-sx-f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-250-sx-f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-250-sx-f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-350-exc-f",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "350 EXC-F (Six Days / Enduro)",
      "model_ko": "350 EXC-F (식스데이즈 / 엔듀로)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKEXA40",
        "EXA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "350 EXC-F",
        "삼오공 엔듀로",
        "KTM 350 EXCF",
        "식스데이즈 350"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 350 EXC-F",
        "350 EXC-F Six Days",
        "KTM 350 Enduro"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 350,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 36,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (하드 엔듀로/혹서기 가혹 주행 권장)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Motorex Cross Power 4T 10W-50 / 10W-60)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.05,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 54M TT",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18 70M TT",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 180,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4)",
        "battery_spec": "12V 2.0Ah Ultralight LiFePO4 Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 960,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 110,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 1500,
        "oil_filter_km": 1500,
        "air_filter_km": 500,
        "spark_plug_km": 6000,
        "drive_service_km": 300,
        "valve_check_km": 3000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 350 EXC-F 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 (가동 시간 아워미터 기준 및 공도 환산 주기)",
        "en": "KTM 350 EXC-F Official Owner’s Manual (Operating-Hour Schedule & Dual-Sport Equivalent)"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-350-exc-f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-350-exc-f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-350-exc-f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-350-sx-f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "350 SX-F",
      "model_ko": "350 SX-F (모토크로스)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKSXM43",
        "349.7-SXF"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "350SXF",
        "토니 카이롤리 350",
        "350 모토크로스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 350 SX-F",
        "350 SXF MXGP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 350,
      "power_hp": 58,
      "power_rpm": 13400,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.25,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21",
        "rear_size": "110/90-19",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 105,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 105,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 115,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 115
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 958,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 107,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 350 SX-F (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 350 SX-F (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-350-sx-f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-350-sx-f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-350-sx-f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-freeride-350",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "Freeride 350",
      "model_ko": "프리라이드 350 (트라이얼 엔듀로)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2012–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKFRA40",
        "FR350"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "프리라이드350",
        "산악 트레일 350",
        "경량 프리라이드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM Freeride 350",
        "Freeride 350 4T"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 350,
      "power_hp": 24,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 27,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.45,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.75-21",
        "rear_size": "4.00 R18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 110,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 100,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 130,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 120
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 915,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 104,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 25
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM Freeride 350 (2012–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM Freeride 350 (2012–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-freeride-350/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-freeride-350/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-freeride-350.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-390-adventure",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "390 Adventure / SW",
      "model_ko": "390 어드벤처 / SW",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPJ40",
        "JPJ"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "390 어드벤처",
        "삼구공 어드벤처",
        "KTM 390 어드벤처",
        "390 어드벤처 SW"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 390 Adventure",
        "390 Adventure SW",
        "KTM 390 ADV"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 373,
      "power_hp": 43.5,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 37,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Motorex Formula 4T 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.85,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 15
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 M/C 57V",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17 M/C 65V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "ETZ9-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 855,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 172,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 390 어드벤처 / SW 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "KTM 390 Adventure / SW Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-390-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-390-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-390-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-rc-390",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "RC 390",
      "model_ko": "RC 390",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJYA40",
        "JY"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "RC390",
        "알씨삼구공",
        "KTM RC 390",
        "신형 RC390"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM RC 390",
        "RC390 GP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 373,
      "power_hp": 43.5,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 37,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Motorex Formula 4T 15W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.85,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 15
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 ZR17 M/C 54W",
        "rear_size": "150/60 ZR17 M/C 66W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "ETZ9-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 824,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 164,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM RC 390 (2세대 섀시) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "KTM RC 390 (Gen 2 Chassis) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-rc-390/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-rc-390/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-rc-390.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-390-adventure-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "390 Adventure R (2025 LC4c)",
      "model_ko": "390 어드벤처 R (21인치 랠리)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPJ45",
        "LC4c-399R"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "390어드벤처R",
        "신형 390 어드벤처 R",
        "21인치 390어드벤처"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 390 Adventure R",
        "2025 390 ADV R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 176,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 390 Adventure R (2025 LC4c) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 390 Adventure R (2025 LC4c) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-390-adventure-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-390-adventure-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-390-adventure-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-390-adventure-x",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "390 Adventure X",
      "model_ko": "390 어드벤처 X (캐스트 휠)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPJ43-X",
        "JG-X"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "390어드벤처X",
        "390 ADV X",
        "어드벤처 X"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 390 Adventure X",
        "390 ADV X"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 172,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 390 Adventure X (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 390 Adventure X (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-390-adventure-x/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-390-adventure-x/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-390-adventure-x.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-390-duke",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "390 Duke (LC4c)",
      "model_ko": "390 듀크",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "938",
        "948 (LC4c)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "듀크 390",
        "KTM 390듀크",
        "쿼터급 깡패"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM Duke 390",
        "390 Duke Gen 3"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 44.9,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL/SN Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155 + Dual Mesh Screens",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 15
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70ZR17 M/C 54W",
        "rear_size": "150/60ZR17 M/C 66W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 165,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 700,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 390 Duke 공식 오너스 핸드북 정비 규격 기준",
        "en": "KTM 390 Duke Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-390-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-390-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-390-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-390-enduro-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "390 Enduro R (2025 LC4c)",
      "model_ko": "390 엔듀로 R (듀얼스포츠)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPE40",
        "LC4c-END"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "390엔듀로R",
        "390 듀얼스포츠",
        "삼구공 엔듀로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 390 Enduro R",
        "2025 390 Dual-Sport"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 180,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 166,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 390 Enduro R (2025 LC4c) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 390 Enduro R (2025 LC4c) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-390-enduro-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-390-enduro-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-390-enduro-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-390-smc-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "390 SMC R (2025 LC4c)",
      "model_ko": "390 SMC R (쿼터 슈퍼모토)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPS40",
        "LC4c-SMC"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "390SMCR",
        "390 슈퍼모토",
        "삼구공 모타드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 390 SMC R",
        "2025 390 Supermoto"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 161,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 390 SMC R (2025 LC4c) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 390 SMC R (2025 LC4c) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-390-smc-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-390-smc-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-390-smc-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-450-exc-f",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "450 EXC-F",
      "model_ko": "450 EXC-F",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKEXA40-450",
        "449.9cc"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "450EXCF",
        "사오공이엑스씨",
        "450 식스데이즈"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 450 EXC-F",
        "450 EXC-F Six Days"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 450,
      "power_hp": 58,
      "power_rpm": 8800,
      "torque_nm": 51,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 180
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 955,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 113,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 450 EXC-F (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 450 EXC-F (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-450-exc-f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-450-exc-f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-450-exc-f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-450-smr",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "450 SMR",
      "model_ko": "450 SMR (레이스 슈퍼모토)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKSMA43",
        "449.9-SMR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "450SMR",
        "트랙 전용 모타드",
        "KTM 450 슈퍼모토"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 450 SMR",
        "450 Supermoto Racing"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 450,
      "power_hp": 63,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 52,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "125/80 R420 (16.5)",
        "rear_size": "165/65 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 170,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 160,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 170
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 898,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 108,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 450 SMR (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 450 SMR (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-450-smr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-450-smr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-450-smr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-450-sx-f",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "450 SX-F",
      "model_ko": "450 SX-F (플래그십 모토크로스)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKSXA43",
        "449.9-SXF"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "450SXF",
        "슈퍼크로스 450",
        "KTM 450 모토크로스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 450 SX-F",
        "450 SXF Factory Edition"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 450,
      "power_hp": 63,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 52,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.25,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21",
        "rear_size": "120/80-19",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 105,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 105,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 115,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 115
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 958,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 108,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 450 SX-F (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 450 SX-F (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-450-sx-f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-450-sx-f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-450-sx-f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-500-exc-f",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "500 EXC-F",
      "model_ko": "500 EXC-F",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKEXA40",
        "510.8cc"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "500EXCF",
        "오백이엑스씨",
        "KTM 500 엔듀로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 500 EXC-F",
        "500 EXC-F Six Days"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 511,
      "power_hp": 63,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 58,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 180
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 955,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 114,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 500 EXC-F (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 500 EXC-F (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-500-exc-f/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-500-exc-f/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-500-exc-f.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-640-lc4-adventure",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "640 LC4 Adventure",
      "model_ko": "640 LC4 어드벤처 (구형 다카르)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "1998–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKGSN40",
        "LC4-625"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "640어드벤처",
        "구형 LC4 어드벤처",
        "다카르 640"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 640 Adventure",
        "640 LC4 Adventure R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 625,
      "power_hp": 54,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 55,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "HF155 + Spin-on HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 910,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 172,
        "fuel_tank_l": 25.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 5000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 640 LC4 Adventure (1998–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 640 LC4 Adventure (1998–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-640-lc4-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-640-lc4-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-640-lc4-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-640-lc4-supermoto",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "640 LC4 Supermoto",
      "model_ko": "640 LC4 슈퍼모토",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "1999–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKGSM40",
        "LC4-625SM"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "640슈퍼모토",
        "구형 LC4 모타드",
        "640 모타드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 640 LC4 Supermoto",
        "LC4 640 SM"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 625,
      "power_hp": 54,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 55,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.8,
        "with_filter_l": 2.1,
        "overhaul_l": 2.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "HF155 + Spin-on HF156",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 910,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 158,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 5000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 640 LC4 Supermoto (1999–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 640 LC4 Supermoto (1999–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-640-lc4-supermoto/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-640-lc4-supermoto/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-640-lc4-supermoto.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-690-duke",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "690 Duke (LC4)",
      "model_ko": "690 듀크 (LC4 빅싱글)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2012–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKLDV40",
        "LC4-690D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "690듀크",
        "듀크690",
        "빅싱글 듀크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 690 Duke",
        "Duke 690 LC4"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 693,
      "power_hp": 73,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 74,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "HF155 + HF157",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 159,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 690 Duke (LC4) (2012–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 690 Duke (LC4) (2012–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-690-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-690-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-690-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-690-duke-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "690 Duke R (LC4)",
      "model_ko": "690 듀크 R (LC4)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2013–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKLDV40-R",
        "LC4-690DR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "690듀크R",
        "듀크690R",
        "아크라포빅 690R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 690 Duke R",
        "Duke 690 R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 693,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 74,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "HF155 + HF157",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 865,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 158,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 690 Duke R (LC4) (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 690 Duke R (LC4) (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-690-duke-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-690-duke-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-690-duke-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-690-enduro-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "690 Enduro R (LC4)",
      "model_ko": "690 엔듀로 R (LC4)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKLSV40",
        "LC4-693"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "690엔듀로",
        "690엔듀로R",
        "빅싱글 엔듀로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 690 Enduro R",
        "LC4 690 Enduro"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 693,
      "power_hp": 74,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 73.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "75038046100 + 58038005100 (HF155 + HF157)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 180,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 910,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 158,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 690 Enduro R (LC4) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 690 Enduro R (LC4) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-690-enduro-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-690-enduro-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-690-enduro-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-690-smc-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "690 SMC R (LC4 Supermoto)",
      "model_ko": "690 SMC R (LC4 슈퍼모토)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKLSV40",
        "LSV"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "690 SMC R",
        "육구공 모타드",
        "690 엔듀로 R",
        "KTM 690 SMCR"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 690 SMC R",
        "LC4 690 Supermoto",
        "KTM 690 SMCR"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 693,
      "power_hp": 74,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 73.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 (동절기 저온 시동 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T 10W-60)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.95,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "75038046110 (HF155 + HF651 Dual Filters)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C 58W",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17 M/C 69W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8BI-9 + LMAR7AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 892,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 161,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 690 SMC R (LC4) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 및 워크숍 지침 기준",
        "en": "KTM 690 SMC R (LC4) Official Owner’s Manual & Service Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-690-smc-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-690-smc-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-690-smc-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-790-adventure",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "790 Adventure",
      "model_ko": "790 어드벤처",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU640-ADV",
        "LC8c-ADV"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "790어드벤처",
        "칠구공어드벤처",
        "KTM 미들급 어드벤처"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 790 Adventure",
        "790 ADV"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 799,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 88,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 270,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 204,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 790 Adventure (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 790 Adventure (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-790-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-790-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-790-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-790-adventure-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "790 Adventure R",
      "model_ko": "790 어드벤처 R",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU640-R",
        "LC8c-799R"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "790어드벤처R",
        "칠구공어드벤처R",
        "790 ADV R"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 790 Adventure R",
        "790 ADV R Rally"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 799,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 88,
      "torque_rpm": 6600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 270,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 880,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 207,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 790 Adventure R (2019–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 790 Adventure R (2019–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-790-adventure-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-790-adventure-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-790-adventure-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-790-duke",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "790 Duke (The Scalpel)",
      "model_ko": "790 듀크 (스칼펠)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU640",
        "LC8c-799"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "790듀크",
        "듀크790",
        "스칼펠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 790 Duke",
        "The Scalpel LC8c"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 799,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 87,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 187,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 790 Duke (The Scalpel) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 790 Duke (The Scalpel) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-790-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-790-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-790-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-890-adventure",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "890 Adventure",
      "model_ko": "890 어드벤처 (스탠다드)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU940-S",
        "LC8c-889A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "890어드벤처",
        "팔구공어드벤처",
        "890 ADV"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 890 Adventure",
        "890 ADV Standard"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 889,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 270,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 890 Adventure (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 890 Adventure (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-890-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-890-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-890-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-890-adventure-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "890 Adventure R",
      "model_ko": "890 어드벤처 R",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU940",
        "LC8c-889"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "890어드벤처R",
        "팔구공어드벤처R",
        "랠리 어드벤처"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 890 Adventure R",
        "890 ADV R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 889,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 270,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 880,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 890 Adventure R (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 890 Adventure R (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-890-adventure-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-890-adventure-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-890-adventure-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-890-duke",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "890 Duke / Duke GP",
      "model_ko": "890 듀크 / 듀크 GP",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU940-D",
        "LC8c-889D"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "890듀크",
        "890듀크GP",
        "듀크890"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 890 Duke",
        "890 Duke GP"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 889,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 92,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 890 Duke / Duke GP (2021–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 890 Duke / Duke GP (2021–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-890-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-890-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-890-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-890-duke-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "890 Duke R (The Super Scalpel)",
      "model_ko": "890 듀크 R (슈퍼 스칼펠)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU640",
        "TU6"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "890 듀크 R",
        "팔구공 듀크",
        "슈퍼 스칼펠",
        "KTM 890 듀크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 890 Duke R",
        "Super Scalpel 890",
        "LC8c 890 Duke R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 889,
      "power_hp": 121,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 99,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (서킷/혹서기 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.5,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "61338015200 / HF651",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "HTZ12A-BS / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 834,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 180,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 890 듀크 R 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 및 워크숍 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "KTM 890 Duke R Official Owner’s & Repair Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-890-duke-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-890-duke-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-890-duke-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-890-smt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "890 SMT",
      "model_ko": "890 SMT (슈퍼모토 투어러)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU940-SMT",
        "LC8c-SMT"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "890SMT",
        "팔구공SMT",
        "KTM 슈퍼모토 투어러"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 890 SMT",
        "Supermoto Tourer 890"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 889,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.7
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 890 SMT (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 890 SMT (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-890-smt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-890-smt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-890-smt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-990-duke",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "990 Duke (The Sniper)",
      "model_ko": "990 듀크 (스나이퍼)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU040",
        "LC8c-947"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "990듀크",
        "듀크990",
        "더 스나이퍼"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 990 Duke",
        "The Sniper LC8c"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 947,
      "power_hp": 123,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 103,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 825,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 190,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 990 Duke (The Sniper) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 990 Duke (The Sniper) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-990-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-990-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-990-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-990-rc-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "990 RC R",
      "model_ko": "990 RC R (차세대 슈퍼스포츠)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU043",
        "LC8c-RCR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "990RCR",
        "RC8 후속 990",
        "KTM 990 슈퍼스포츠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 990 RC R",
        "RC R 990 LC8c"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 947,
      "power_hp": 128,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 103,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.9,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 990 RC R (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 990 RC R (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-990-rc-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-990-rc-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-990-rc-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-990-adventure",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "990 Adventure (LC8 V-Twin)",
      "model_ko": "990 어드벤처 (다카르 LC8)",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2006–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKVA940",
        "LC8-999ADV"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "990어드벤처",
        "다카르 990",
        "990 어드벤처 다카르"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 990 Adventure",
        "990 Adventure Dakar R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 106,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 220,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 222,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 990 Adventure (LC8 V-Twin) (2006–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 990 Adventure (LC8 V-Twin) (2006–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-990-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-990-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-990-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-990-super-duke",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "990 Super Duke (LC8 V-Twin)",
      "model_ko": "990 슈퍼 듀크 (초대 LC8 V-트윈)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2005–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKVD940",
        "LC8-999SD"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 990 슈퍼듀크",
        "990슈퍼듀크R",
        "초대 슈퍼듀크 V2"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 990 Super Duke",
        "990 Super Duke R LC8"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 999,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 198,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 990 Super Duke (LC8 V-Twin) (2005–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 990 Super Duke (LC8 V-Twin) (2005–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-990-super-duke/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-990-super-duke/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-990-super-duke.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1050-adventure",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1050 Adventure",
      "model_ko": "1050 어드벤처",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2015–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKV2940-105",
        "LC8-1050"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1050어드벤처",
        "엔트리 LC8 어드벤처",
        "1050 ADV"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1050 Adventure",
        "1050 ADV"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1050,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 6200,
      "torque_nm": 107,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8BI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1050 Adventure (2015–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1050 Adventure (2015–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1050-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1050-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1050-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1090-adventure-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1090 Adventure R",
      "model_ko": "1090 어드벤처 R",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2017–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKV2940-109",
        "LC8-1050R"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1090어드벤처R",
        "1090R",
        "경량 LC8 어드벤처"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1090 Adventure R",
        "1090 ADV R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1050,
      "power_hp": 125,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 109,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 ZR18",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8BI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1090 Adventure R (2017–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1090 Adventure R (2017–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1090-adventure-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1090-adventure-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1090-adventure-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1190-adventure",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1190 Adventure / R",
      "model_ko": "1190 어드벤처 / R",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2013–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKV2940",
        "LC8-1195"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1190어드벤처",
        "1190어드벤처R",
        "일일구공 어드방"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1190 Adventure",
        "1190 Adventure R"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1195,
      "power_hp": 150,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR19",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR9BI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1190 Adventure / R (2013–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1190 Adventure / R (2013–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1190-adventure/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1190-adventure/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1190-adventure.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1190-rc8-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1190 RC8 R",
      "model_ko": "1190 RC8 R (슈퍼바이크)",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2009–2015",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKVR940",
        "LC8-1195R"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "RC8R",
        "알씨에잇",
        "KTM 슈퍼바이크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1190 RC8 R",
        "RC8R LC8"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1195,
      "power_hp": 175,
      "power_rpm": 10250,
      "torque_nm": 127,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 199,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1190 RC8 R (2009–2015) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1190 RC8 R (2009–2015) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1190-rc8-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1190-rc8-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1190-rc8-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1290-super-adventure-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1290 Super Adventure R",
      "model_ko": "1290 슈퍼 어드벤처 R",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2017–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKV4940-R",
        "LC8-SAR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1290SAR",
        "1290 슈퍼어드벤처 R",
        "대형 랠리 어드벤처"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1290 Super Adventure R",
        "1290 SAR"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1301,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 138,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "150/70 ZR18",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR9BI-10 + LMAR7DI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 880,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 245,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1290 Super Adventure R (2017–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1290 Super Adventure R (2017–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1290-super-adventure-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1290-super-adventure-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1290-super-adventure-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1290-super-adventure-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1290 Super Adventure S",
      "model_ko": "1290 슈퍼 어드벤처 S",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2021–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKV4940",
        "LC8-SAS"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1290슈퍼어드벤처S",
        "1290SAS",
        "슈퍼어드방"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1290 Super Adventure S",
        "1290 SAS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1301,
      "power_hp": 160,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 138,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR19",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR9BI-10 + LMAR7DI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 849,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 245,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1290 Super Adventure S (2021–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1290 Super Adventure S (2021–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1290-super-adventure-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1290-super-adventure-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1290-super-adventure-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1290-super-duke-gt",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1290 Super Duke GT",
      "model_ko": "1290 슈퍼 듀크 GT",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2016–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKV3940-GT",
        "LC8-SDGT"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1290슈퍼듀크GT",
        "비스트 투어러",
        "슈퍼듀크 GT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1290 Super Duke GT",
        "Super Duke GT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1301,
      "power_hp": 175,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 141,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR9BI-10 + LMAR7DI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 229,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1290 Super Duke GT (2016–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1290 Super Duke GT (2016–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1290-super-duke-gt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1290-super-duke-gt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1290-super-duke-gt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1290-super-duke-r-evo",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1290 Super Duke R EVO",
      "model_ko": "1290 슈퍼 듀크 R EVO (더 비스트)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKV3940",
        "LC8-1301"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1290슈퍼듀크",
        "더 비스트 3.0",
        "슈퍼듀크 R 에보"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1290 Super Duke R EVO",
        "The Beast 1290"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1301,
      "power_hp": 180,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 140,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR9BI-10 (x2) + LMAR7DI-10 (x2)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 212,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1290 Super Duke R EVO (2020–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1290 Super Duke R EVO (2020–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1290-super-duke-r-evo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1290-super-duke-r-evo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1290-super-duke-r-evo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1390-super-adventure-s-evo",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1390 Super Adventure S EVO",
      "model_ko": "1390 슈퍼 어드벤처 S EVO",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKV5940",
        "LC8-1350-AMT"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1390SAS",
        "1390 슈퍼어드벤처",
        "AMT 자동변속 KTM"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1390 Super Adventure S EVO",
        "1390 SAS EVO"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1350,
      "power_hp": 173,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF650",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR19",
        "rear_size": "170/60 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR9BI-10 + LMAR7DI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "LiFePO4 10Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 847,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 245,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1390 Super Adventure S EVO (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1390 Super Adventure S EVO (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1390-super-adventure-s-evo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1390-super-adventure-s-evo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1390-super-adventure-s-evo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "ktm-1390-super-duke-r",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KTM",
      "brand_ko": "KTM",
      "model": "1390 Super Duke R / R EVO",
      "model_ko": "1390 슈퍼 듀크 R / R EVO",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKVR940",
        "VR9"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "1390 슈퍼듀크",
        "슈퍼듀크 R",
        "1290 슈퍼듀크",
        "더 비스트",
        "KTM 1390"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KTM 1390 Super Duke R",
        "1390 Super Duke R EVO",
        "The Beast 1390"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1350,
      "power_hp": 190,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 145,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN/SP Fully Synthetic (Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "61338015200 / HF651",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 M/C (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR9DI-10 (Inner) + LMAR7DI-10 (Outer)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ14S-FP / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V LiFePO4 Lithium Starter Battery (or 11.2Ah AGM)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 834,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 212,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "KTM 1390 슈퍼 듀크 R / R EVO 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 제원표 기준",
        "en": "KTM 1390 Super Duke R / R EVO Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/ktm-1390-super-duke-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/ktm-1390-super-duke-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/ktm-1390-super-duke-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-svartpilen-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Svartpilen 125",
      "model_ko": "스바트필렌 125",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPA40-H125",
        "HQV-125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스바트필렌125",
        "필렌125",
        "입문용 스바트필렌"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Svartpilen 125",
        "Pilen 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 153,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) Svartpilen 125 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Svartpilen 125 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-vitpilen-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Vitpilen 125",
      "model_ko": "비트필렌 125",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPA40-V125",
        "HQV-V125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "비트필렌125",
        "125 비트필렌",
        "하얀화살 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Vitpilen 125",
        "White Arrow 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 151,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) Vitpilen 125 (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Vitpilen 125 (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-svartpilen-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Svartpilen 250",
      "model_ko": "스바트필렌 250",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKJPJ40-H250",
        "HQV-250"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스바트필렌250",
        "필렌250",
        "쿼터급 스바트필렌"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Svartpilen 250",
        "Pilen 250"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 249,
      "power_hp": 31,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 25,
      "torque_rpm": 7250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Formula / Power Synt 4T 15W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 166,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 7500,
        "oil_filter_km": 7500,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) Svartpilen 250 (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Svartpilen 250 (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-fc-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "FC 250",
      "model_ko": "FC 250 (모토크로스)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKFCK43",
        "HQV-FC250"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "FC250",
        "에프씨250",
        "허스크바나 250 모토크로스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna FC 250",
        "FC 250 Rockstar Edition"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 250,
      "power_hp": 47,
      "power_rpm": 13200,
      "torque_nm": 29.5,
      "torque_rpm": 9500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.25,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21",
        "rear_size": "110/90-19",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 105,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 105,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 115,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 115
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 943,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 106,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) FC 250 (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna FC 250 (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-fc-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-fc-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-fc-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-fe-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "FE 250",
      "model_ko": "FE 250",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKUGA40-250",
        "HQV-FE250"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "FE250",
        "에프이250",
        "허스크바나 250 4행정"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna FE 250",
        "FE 250 Heritage"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 250,
      "power_hp": 45,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 29,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 150
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "wet_weight_kg": 112,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) FE 250 (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna FE 250 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-fe-350",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "FE 350",
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        "VBKUGA40",
        "HQV-FE350"
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        "FE350",
        "허스크바나 350",
        "에프이350"
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        "FE 350 Pro"
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      "torque_rpm": 9000,
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        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 180
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "wet_weight_kg": 113,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "Husqvarna FE 350 (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-svartpilen-401-gen1",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Svartpilen 401 (Gen 1 373cc)",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU / NGK LKAR8AI-9",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / ETZ9-BS",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
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      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
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        "wet_weight_kg": 161,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "Husqvarna Svartpilen 401 (Gen 1 373cc) (2018–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-svartpilen-401",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Svartpilen 401 (Gen 2 LC4c)",
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      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
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        "VBKJUJ40",
        "JUJ"
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        "스바르필렌 401",
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        "신형 스바트필렌"
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      "displacement_cc": 399,
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      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 39,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
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        "api_grade": "API SN/SP Fully Synthetic (Motorex Formula 4T 15W-50)",
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        "with_filter_l": 1.65,
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        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 15
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        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "ETZ9-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나 스바트필렌 401 (2024+ 398.6cc LC4c) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Svartpilen 401 (2024+ 398.6cc LC4c) Official Owner’s Manual"
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      "slug": "husqvarna-vitpilen-401",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Vitpilen 401 (Gen 2 LC4c)",
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        "filter_oem_code": "90138015000 / HF155",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 15
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        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Bosch VR6NEU",
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      "ergonomics": {
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나 비트필렌 401 (2024+ 398.6cc LC4c) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Vitpilen 401 (2024+ 398.6cc LC4c) Official Owner’s Manual"
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    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-fc-450",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "FC 450",
      "model_ko": "FC 450 (플래그십 모토크로스)",
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      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
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      "torque_rpm": 7500,
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        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
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      "tires": {
        "front_size": "80/100-21",
        "rear_size": "120/80-19",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 105,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 115
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "wet_weight_kg": 108,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "Husqvarna FC 450 (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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      "slug": "husqvarna-fe-450",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "FE 450",
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      "category": "offroad",
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      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKUGA40-450",
        "HQV-FE450"
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        "FE 450 Heritage"
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      "power_hp": 58,
      "power_rpm": 8800,
      "torque_nm": 51,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
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        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
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      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
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        "rear_loaded_kpa": 180
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
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        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
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      "ergonomics": {
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        "wet_weight_kg": 114,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "Husqvarna FE 450 (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-fs-450",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "FS 450 Supermoto",
      "model_ko": "FS 450 슈퍼모토 (트랙 머신)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKFSK43",
        "HQV-FS450"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "FS450",
        "허스크바나 레이스 모타드",
        "에프에스450"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna FS 450",
        "FS450 Supermoto"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 450,
      "power_hp": 63,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 52,
      "torque_rpm": 7500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "125/80 R420 (16.5)",
        "rear_size": "165/65 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 170,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 160,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 170
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 108,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) FS 450 Supermoto (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna FS 450 Supermoto (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-fs-450/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-fs-450/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-fs-450.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-fe-501",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "FE 501",
      "model_ko": "FE 501",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKUGA40-501",
        "HQV-FE501"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "FE501",
        "허스크바나 501",
        "에프이501"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna FE 501",
        "FE 501s"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 511,
      "power_hp": 63,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 58,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "77338005100 / HF652 (+ Dual Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 150,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 150,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 180
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8 / LKAR8AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 952,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 115,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) FE 501 (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna FE 501 (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-fe-501/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-fe-501/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-fe-501.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-tr650-terra",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "TR650 Terra / Strada",
      "model_ko": "TR650 테라 / 스트라다",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2013–2014",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZKHHR000",
        "BMWHQV-652"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "TR650 테라",
        "TR650 스트라다",
        "비엠 시절 허스크바나 650"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna TR650 Terra",
        "TR650 Strada"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 652,
      "power_hp": 58,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 60,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.3,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "11412343118 / HF151",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21",
        "rear_size": "140/80-17",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 190,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 210,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB12AL-A2",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 865,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 184,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) TR650 Terra / Strada (2013–2014) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna TR650 Terra / Strada (2013–2014) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-tr650-terra/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-tr650-terra/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-tr650-terra.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-701-enduro",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "701 Enduro (LC4)",
      "model_ko": "701 엔듀로 (LC4)",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKLSZ40",
        "LSZ"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "701 엔듀로",
        "701 슈퍼모토",
        "허스크바나 701",
        "칠공일 엔듀로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna 701 Enduro",
        "Husky 701 LC4",
        "701 Enduro LR"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 693,
      "power_hp": 74,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 73.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50 / 15W-50 (한랭지 및 일반 기온 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Motorex Cross Power 4T 10W-60)",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.95,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "75038046110 (HF155 + HF651 Dual Filters)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 54R TT",
        "rear_size": "140/80-18 70R TT",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 180,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8BI-9 + LMAR7AI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 925,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 159,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나 701 엔듀로 / 701 슈퍼모토 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna 701 Enduro Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-701-enduro/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-701-enduro/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-701-enduro.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-701-supermoto",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "701 Supermoto (LC4)",
      "model_ko": "701 슈퍼모토 (LC4)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKLSN40",
        "HQV-701SM"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "701슈퍼모토",
        "칠공일 모타드",
        "허스크바나 모타드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna 701 Supermoto",
        "701 SM LC4"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 693,
      "power_hp": 74,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 73.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "75038046100 + 58038005100 (HF155 + HF157)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 890,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 157,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 500,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 2500,
        "air_filter_km": 2500,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 5000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) 701 Supermoto (LC4) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna 701 Supermoto (LC4) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-701-supermoto/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-701-supermoto/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-701-supermoto.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-svartpilen-701",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Svartpilen 701",
      "model_ko": "스바트필렌 701 (플랫트래커)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2019–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKLSV40-S7",
        "HQV-S701"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스바트필렌701",
        "701 스바트필렌",
        "LC4 스바트필렌"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Svartpilen 701",
        "701 Flat Tracker"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 693,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 72,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "HF155 + HF157",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R18",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 835,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 169,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) Svartpilen 701 (2019–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Svartpilen 701 (2019–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-701/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-701/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-701.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-vitpilen-701",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Vitpilen 701",
      "model_ko": "비트필렌 701 (LC4 카페레이서)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2018–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKLSV40-V7",
        "HQV-V701"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "비트필렌701",
        "701 비트필렌",
        "빅싱글 카페레이서"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Vitpilen 701",
        "701 Cafe Racer"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 693,
      "power_hp": 75,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 72,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (LC4 690/701)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Cross Power / Power Synt 4T",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 1.9,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "HF155 + HF157",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "160/60 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LKAR8AI-9 + LMAR7AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "HJTZ5S-FP (LiFePO4) / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 166,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 23.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) Vitpilen 701 (2018–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Vitpilen 701 (2018–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-701/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-701/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-701.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-svartpilen-801",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Svartpilen 801",
      "model_ko": "스바트필렌 801",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU640-801",
        "LC8c-799H"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스바트필렌801",
        "팔공일",
        "허스크바나 801"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Svartpilen 801",
        "Pilen 801"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 799,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 87,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 190,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) Svartpilen 801 (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Svartpilen 801 (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-801/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-801/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-svartpilen-801.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-vitpilen-801",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Vitpilen 801",
      "model_ko": "비트필렌 801",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU640-V8",
        "LC8c-V801"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "비트필렌801",
        "801 비트필렌",
        "바이-엘이디 비트필렌"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Vitpilen 801",
        "2025 Vitpilen 801"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 799,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 87,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "60038015000 / HF155 (+ Oil Screens)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) Vitpilen 801 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Vitpilen 801 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-801/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-801/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-vitpilen-801.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-norden-901",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Norden 901 / Expedition",
      "model_ko": "노든 901 / 익스페디션",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "VBKTU840",
        "TU8"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "노든 901",
        "노르덴 901",
        "허스크바나 노든",
        "노든 익스페디션"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Norden 901",
        "Norden 901 Expedition",
        "LC8c Norden"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 889,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2.6,
        "with_filter_l": 2.8,
        "overhaul_l": 3.1,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "61338015200 / HF651",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18 M/C 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 240,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 260,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 260
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "HTZ12A-BS / YTZ12S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 854,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 19,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 22.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 15000,
        "spark_plug_km": 30000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나 노든 901 / 노든 901 익스페디션 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Norden 901 / Expedition Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-norden-901/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-norden-901/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-norden-901.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "husqvarna-nuda-900r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Husqvarna",
      "brand_ko": "허스크바나",
      "model": "Nuda 900R",
      "model_ko": "누다 900R (315도 크랭크 명기)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2012–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZKHKA000",
        "BMWHQV-898"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "누다900R",
        "누다900",
        "로열조르단 바이크"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Husqvarna Nuda 900R",
        "Nuda 900"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 898,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 100,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Motorex Power Synt 4T 10W-50 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "11427721779 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 40
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4 or DOT 5.1"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 875,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "허스크바나(Husqvarna) Nuda 900R (2012–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Husqvarna Nuda 900R (2012–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/husqvarna-nuda-900r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/husqvarna-nuda-900r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/husqvarna-nuda-900r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-rs4-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "RS4 125 / RS 125 GP Replica (4T)",
      "model_ko": "RS4 125 / RS 125 4T",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2011–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4TW000",
        "ZD4KC000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 RS4 125",
        "신형 RS125 4행정"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia RS4 125",
        "Aprilia RS 125 4-Stroke"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.15,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82658R / HF563",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 52S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 190,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EB / MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 144,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 36
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) RS4 125 / RS 125 GP Replica (4T) (2011–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia RS4 125 / RS 125 GP Replica (4T) (2011–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-rs4-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-rs4-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-rs4-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-rx-125-4t",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "RX 125 (4T Enduro)",
      "model_ko": "RX 125 4T",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KXB00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 RX 125",
        "RX125 엔듀로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia RX 125 4T",
        "RX 125 Enduro"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.15,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82658R / HF563",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 54R",
        "rear_size": "120/80-18 62R",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 170,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 190,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 210
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 905,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) RX 125 (4T Enduro) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia RX 125 (4T Enduro) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-rx-125-4t/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-rx-125-4t/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-rx-125-4t.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-sx-125-4t",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "SX 125 (4T Supermoto)",
      "model_ko": "SX 125 4T",
      "category": "offroad",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KXA00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 SX 125",
        "SX125 모타드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia SX 125 4T",
        "SX 125 Supermoto"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.15,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82658R / HF563",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 52S",
        "rear_size": "130/70-17 62S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 190,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 880,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 134,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) SX 125 (4T Supermoto) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia SX 125 (4T Supermoto) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-sx-125-4t/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-sx-125-4t/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-sx-125-4t.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-tuono-125-4t",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Tuono 125 (4T)",
      "model_ko": "투오노 125 4T",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KCA00",
        "ZD4XAA00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 투오노 125",
        "투오노125 4행정"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Tuono 125 4T"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 15,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 8250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.15,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82658R / HF563",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-17 52S",
        "rear_size": "140/70-17 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 190,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 210,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 144,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 36.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Tuono 125 (4T) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Tuono 125 (4T) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-tuono-125-4t/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-tuono-125-4t/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-tuono-125-4t.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-sr-gt-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "SR GT 125 / SR GT 125 Replica",
      "model_ko": "SR GT 125 / 레플리카",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4MD510",
        "RP8MD51"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 SR GT 125",
        "SRGT 125",
        "아프릴리아 스쿠터 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia SR GT 125",
        "SR GT 125 Sport"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 14.75,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 0W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A5/B5 Synthetic 0W-30",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 220,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 API GL-4 Rear Hub Gear Oil (220 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-14 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 57P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 799,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 144,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) SR GT 125 / SR GT 125 Replica (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia SR GT 125 / SR GT 125 Replica (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-sr-gt-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-sr-gt-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-sr-gt-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-sr-gt-200",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "SR GT 200 / SR GT 200 Sport",
      "model_ko": "SR GT 200 / 스포츠",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RP8MD520",
        "ZD4MD52"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 SR GT 200",
        "SRGT 200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia SR GT 200",
        "SR GT 200 Replica"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 174,
      "power_hp": 17.4,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 16.5,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 0W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A5/B5 Synthetic 0W-30",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 220,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 API GL-4 Rear Hub Gear Oil (220 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80-14 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 799,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 148,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) SR GT 200 / SR GT 200 Sport (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia SR GT 200 / SR GT 200 Sport (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-sr-gt-200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-sr-gt-200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-sr-gt-200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-sr-max-300",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "SR Max 300",
      "model_ko": "SR 맥스 300",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2011–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4M3560",
        "M356"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 SR 맥스 300",
        "SR맥스300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia SR Max 300",
        "SR Max 300ie"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 278,
      "power_hp": 22,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 23,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4 Rear Hub Oil (250 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15 56P",
        "rear_size": "140/60-14 64P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 210,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 188,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) SR Max 300 (2011–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia SR Max 300 (2011–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-sr-max-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-sr-max-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-sr-max-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-rs-457",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "RS 457",
      "model_ko": "RS 457",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KSA00",
        "KSA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "RS457",
        "아프릴리아 457",
        "RS 457",
        "쿼터급 알에스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia RS 457",
        "RS457 Twin Sportbike"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 457,
      "power_hp": 47.6,
      "power_rpm": 9400,
      "torque_nm": 43.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Castrol Power1 Racing 10W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.2,
        "overhaul_l": 2.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1A023538 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 ZR17 M/C 54W",
        "rear_size": "150/60 ZR17 M/C 66W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR9DI-7",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "ETZ9-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 175,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아 RS 457 공식 사용 및 정비 매뉴얼 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia RS 457 Official Use & Maintenance Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-rs-457/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-rs-457/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-rs-457.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-tuono-457",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Tuono 457",
      "model_ko": "투오노 457",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KVA00",
        "KV457"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 투오노 457",
        "투오노457"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Tuono 457"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 457,
      "power_hp": 47.6,
      "power_rpm": 9400,
      "torque_nm": 43.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6700,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.1,
        "with_filter_l": 2.3,
        "overhaul_l": 2.6,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1A023538 / HF565",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70 R17 54H",
        "rear_size": "150/60 R17 66H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 210,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 240
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8BI-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "ETZ9-BS / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 175,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Tuono 457 (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Tuono 457 (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-tuono-457/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-tuono-457/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-tuono-457.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-rs-660",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "RS 660 / Extrema",
      "model_ko": "RS 660 / 엑스트레마",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KS000",
        "KS",
        "KSA66"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "RS660",
        "알에스육육공",
        "아프릴리아 RS 660",
        "RS 660 엑스트레마"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia RS 660",
        "RS660 Extrema",
        "Aprilia 660 Twin"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 659,
      "power_hp": 100,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 67,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic (Castrol Power1 Racing 10W-50)",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.3,
        "overhaul_l": 2.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1A023538 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 M/C (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 M/C (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR9DI-7",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / LiFePO4 (Extrema)",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM (Std) or LiFePO4 Lithium (Extrema)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 183,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아 RS 660 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 및 오일 정량 개정 서비스 불러틴(2.3L) 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia RS 660 Official Manual & Factory Oil Capacity Revision Service Bulletin (2.3 L)"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-rs-660/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-rs-660/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-rs-660.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-tuareg-660",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Tuareg 660",
      "model_ko": "투아렉 660",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KBA00",
        "KBA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "투아렉 660",
        "아프릴리아 투아렉",
        "투아렉660",
        "이탈리안 랠리 660"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Tuareg 660",
        "Tuareg 660 Rally"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 659,
      "power_hp": 80,
      "power_rpm": 9250,
      "torque_nm": 70,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.3,
        "overhaul_l": 2.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1A023538 / HF138",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 54V TL",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18 70V TL",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 220,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR9DI-7",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 860,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 204,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아 투아렉 660 공식 사용 및 정비 매뉴얼 제원표 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Tuareg 660 Official Use & Maintenance Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-tuareg-660/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-tuareg-660/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-tuareg-660.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-tuono-660",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Tuono 660 / Tuono 660 Factory",
      "model_ko": "투오노 660 / 팩토리",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KSA00",
        "ZD4KSB00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 투오노 660",
        "투오노660",
        "투오노 660 팩토리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Tuono 660",
        "Tuono 660 Factory"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 659,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 10500,
      "torque_nm": 67,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.7,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1A023538 / 857187 (HF565)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IR MR9DI-7",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / Factory Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 820,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 183,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Tuono 660 / Tuono 660 Factory (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Tuono 660 / Tuono 660 Factory (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-tuono-660/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-tuono-660/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-tuono-660.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-dorsoduro-750",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "SMV 750 Dorsoduro / Factory",
      "model_ko": "SMV 750 도르소두로",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2008–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4SM000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 도르소두로 750",
        "도르소두로750"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia SMV 750 Dorsoduro",
        "Dorsoduro 750 Factory"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 750,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 82,
      "torque_rpm": 4500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "82960R / HF565",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 206,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) SMV 750 Dorsoduro / Factory (2008–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia SMV 750 Dorsoduro / Factory (2008–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-dorsoduro-750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-dorsoduro-750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-dorsoduro-750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-shiver-750",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "SL 750 Shiver / Shiver 750 GT",
      "model_ko": "SL 750 쉬버",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4RA000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 쉬버 750",
        "쉬버750"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia SL 750 Shiver",
        "Shiver 750 ABS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 750,
      "power_hp": 95,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 81,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "82960R / HF565",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) SL 750 Shiver / Shiver 750 GT (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia SL 750 Shiver / Shiver 750 GT (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-shiver-750/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-shiver-750/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-shiver-750.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-mana-850",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "NA 850 Mana / Mana 850 GT ABS",
      "model_ko": "NA 850 마나 / 마나 GT",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2008–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4RC000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 마나 850",
        "마나850 GT",
        "오토매틱 바이크 마나"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Mana 850",
        "Mana 850 GT ABS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 839,
      "power_hp": 76.1,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 73,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.6,
        "overhaul_l": 3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "82960R / 857187 (HF565)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) NA 850 Mana / Mana 850 GT ABS (2008–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia NA 850 Mana / Mana 850 GT ABS (2008–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-mana-850/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-mana-850/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-mana-850.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-dorsoduro-900",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Dorsoduro 900",
      "model_ko": "도르소두로 900",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4YA000",
        "ZD4KB000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 도르소두로 900",
        "도르소두로900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Dorsoduro 900"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 896,
      "power_hp": 95.2,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 90,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "857187 / HF565",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 212,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Dorsoduro 900 (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Dorsoduro 900 (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-dorsoduro-900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-dorsoduro-900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-dorsoduro-900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-shiver-900",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Shiver 900",
      "model_ko": "쉬버 900",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KH000",
        "ZD4YB000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 쉬버 900",
        "쉬버900"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Shiver 900"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 896,
      "power_hp": 95.2,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 90,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.2,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "82960R / 857187 (HF565)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Shiver 900 (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Shiver 900 (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-shiver-900/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-shiver-900/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-shiver-900.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-rsv-1000-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "RSV 1000 R / Mille (Rotax V990)",
      "model_ko": "RSV 1000 R / 밀레",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "1998–2009",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4ME000",
        "ZD4RR000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 밀레",
        "RSV 1000R 로탁스"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia RSV Mille",
        "Aprilia RSV 1000 R Factory"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 143,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 107,
      "torque_rpm": 7750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "AP0956745 / HF152 (or Long HF564 on 2006+)",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0–12.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) RSV 1000 R / Mille (Rotax V990) (1998–2009) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia RSV 1000 R / Mille (Rotax V990) (1998–2009) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-rsv-1000-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-rsv-1000-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-rsv-1000-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-tuono-1000-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Tuono 1000 R / Factory (Rotax V990)",
      "model_ko": "투오노 1000 R",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2002–2010",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4RP000",
        "ZD4RR100"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 투오노 1000",
        "투오노 1000R 팩토리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Tuono 1000 R",
        "Tuono Fighter V990"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 139,
      "power_rpm": 9500,
      "torque_nm": 107,
      "torque_rpm": 8500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 3.9,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "AP0956745 / HF152 (or Long HF564)",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/50 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR9E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 208,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Tuono 1000 R / Factory (Rotax V990) (2002–2010) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Tuono 1000 R / Factory (Rotax V990) (2002–2010) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-tuono-1000-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-tuono-1000-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-tuono-1000-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-rsv4-1000-rr",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "RSV4 1000 R / RR / RF",
      "model_ko": "RSV4 1000 R / RR / RF",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2009–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4RK000",
        "ZD4TY000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 RSV4 1000",
        "RSV4 RF",
        "RSV4 RR 1000"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia RSV4 RR",
        "Aprilia RSV4 RF",
        "RSV4 Factory APRC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1000,
      "power_hp": 201,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 10500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "857187 / 1A023538 (HF565)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EKB / MR9DI-7",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 204,
        "fuel_tank_l": 18.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) RSV4 1000 R / RR / RF (2009–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia RSV4 1000 R / RR / RF (2009–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-rsv4-1000-rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-rsv4-1000-rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-rsv4-1000-rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-tuono-v4-factory-1100",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Tuono V4 1100 / Tuono V4 Factory",
      "model_ko": "투오노 V4 1100 / 팩토리",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KG000",
        "ZD4KZA00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 투오노 V4",
        "투오노 1100 팩토리",
        "투오노V4"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Tuono V4 1100 Factory",
        "Tuono V4 1100"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1077,
      "power_hp": 175,
      "power_rpm": 11350,
      "torque_nm": 121,
      "torque_rpm": 9000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (2017–2020)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1A023538 / 857187 (HF565)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EKB / MR9DI-7",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 837,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Tuono V4 1100 / Tuono V4 Factory (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Tuono V4 1100 / Tuono V4 Factory (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-tuono-v4-factory-1100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-tuono-v4-factory-1100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-tuono-v4-factory-1100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-rsv4-factory-1100",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "RSV4 1100 / RSV4 Factory",
      "model_ko": "RSV4 1100 / 팩토리",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4KE000",
        "ZD4KYA00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 RSV4",
        "RSV4 1100 팩토리",
        "알에스브이포"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia RSV4 Factory 1100",
        "RSV4 1100"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1099,
      "power_hp": 217,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 125,
      "torque_rpm": 10500,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (2019–2020)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1A023538 / 857187 (HF565)",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 30
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK IR MR9DI-7 / CR9EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / 8.6Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 202,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) RSV4 1100 / RSV4 Factory (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia RSV4 1100 / RSV4 Factory (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-rsv4-factory-1100/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-rsv4-factory-1100/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-rsv4-factory-1100.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-caponord-1200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Caponord 1200 / Travel Pack / Rally",
      "model_ko": "카포노드 1200 / 랠리",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2013–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4VK000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 카포노드 1200",
        "카포노드 1200 랠리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Caponord 1200 Travel Pack",
        "Caponord 1200 Rally"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1197,
      "power_hp": 125,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 114.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "857187 / HF565",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R17 (or 120/70 R19 Rally)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (or 170/60 R17 Rally)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 840,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 251,
        "fuel_tank_l": 24,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 20000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Caponord 1200 / Travel Pack / Rally (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Caponord 1200 / Travel Pack / Rally (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-caponord-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/aprilia-caponord-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-caponord-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "aprilia-dorsoduro-1200",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Aprilia",
      "brand_ko": "아프릴리아",
      "model": "Dorsoduro 1200 ATC / ABS",
      "model_ko": "도르소두로 1200",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2011–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZD4TV000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "아프릴리아 도르소두로 1200",
        "도르소두로1200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Aprilia Dorsoduro 1200"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1197,
      "power_hp": 130,
      "power_rpm": 8700,
      "torque_nm": 115,
      "torque_rpm": 7200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40 (V4)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-50",
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        "filter_oem_code": "857187 / HF565",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
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        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 870,
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        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "아프릴리아(Aprilia) Dorsoduro 1200 ATC / ABS (2011–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Aprilia Dorsoduro 1200 ATC / ABS (2011–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/aprilia-dorsoduro-1200/",
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/aprilia-dorsoduro-1200.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-bobber-sixty",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Scout Bobber Sixty (999cc Liquid-Cooled)",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "Indian Scout Bobber Sixty (999cc Liquid-Cooled) (2020–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-scout-bobber-sixty.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-rogue-sixty",
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      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Scout Rogue Sixty (999cc Quarter Fairing)",
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        "스카우트 로그 식스티",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
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      "consumables": {
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        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
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      },
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Scout Rogue Sixty (999cc Quarter Fairing) (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Scout Rogue Sixty (999cc Quarter Fairing) (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-scout-rogue-sixty.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-sixty",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
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      "model": "Scout Sixty (999cc Liquid-Cooled)",
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        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "Indian Scout Sixty (999cc Liquid-Cooled) (2016–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-scout-sixty.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-1133",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
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      "model": "Scout Classic 1133 (69 cu-in Liquid-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "스카우트 1133 (1세대 오리지널)",
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      "manual_source_citation": {
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        "en": "Indian Scout Classic 1133 (69 cu-in Liquid-Cooled) (2015–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
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    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-bobber",
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      "brand": "Indian",
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      "model": "Scout Bobber (1133 Liquid-Cooled)",
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      "category": "cruiser",
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        "Scout 69 cu-in (1133cc)",
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        "스카우트 바버",
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        "스카우트 바버 트웬티"
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        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
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        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 (Kit 2880191 / HF198)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
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      "tires": {
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        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
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        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
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        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7F",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.80 mm (0.030 in)",
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        "wet_weight_kg": 252,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언 모터사이클 Scout Bobber (1133cc, 2018–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber (1133cc, 2018–2024) Official Owner’s Manual"
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    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-bobber-twenty",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
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      "model": "Scout Bobber Twenty (1133 Spoke Wheel)",
      "model_ko": "스카우트 바버 트웬티 (1133 스포크)",
      "category": "cruiser",
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        "Scout 69 Bobber Twenty"
      ],
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        "스카우트 바버 트웬티",
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        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
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        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
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      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
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        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
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        "wet_weight_kg": 259,
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      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Scout Bobber Twenty (1133 Spoke Wheel) (2020–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Scout Bobber Twenty (1133 Spoke Wheel) (2020–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
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    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-rogue",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Scout Rogue (1133 Liquid-Cooled)",
      "model_ko": "스카우트 로그 (1133)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2022–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
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      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 스카우트 로그",
        "스카우트 로그 1133",
        "클럽스타일 스카우트"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Scout Rogue 1133",
        "Scout Rogue 69"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1133,
      "power_hp": 100,
      "power_rpm": 8100,
      "torque_nm": 97.7,
      "torque_rpm": 5600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.5,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 649,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 250,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Scout Rogue (1133 Liquid-Cooled) (2022–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Scout Rogue (1133 Liquid-Cooled) (2022–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-scout-rogue/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-scout-rogue/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-scout-rogue.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-ftr-1200",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "FTR 1200 (Flat Track Street Tracker)",
      "model_ko": "FTR 1200 (스트리트 트래커)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FTR 1203 Trellis Frame"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 FTR 1200",
        "FTR1200",
        "인디언 플랫트래커"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian FTR 1200",
        "Indian FTR Base 1203"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1203,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 118,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 233,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) FTR 1200 (Flat Track Street Tracker) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian FTR 1200 (Flat Track Street Tracker) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-ftr-1200/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-ftr-1200/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-ftr-1200.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-ftr-r-carbon",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "FTR R Carbon (Ohlins 1203cc)",
      "model_ko": "FTR R 카본 (올린즈 1203)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FTR R Carbon 1203"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 FTR 카본",
        "FTR R 카본",
        "FTR 올린즈"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian FTR R Carbon",
        "FTR 1200 R Carbon"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1203,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 118,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) FTR R Carbon (Ohlins 1203cc) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian FTR R Carbon (Ohlins 1203cc) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-ftr-r-carbon/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-ftr-r-carbon/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-ftr-r-carbon.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-ftr-rally",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "FTR Rally (1203cc Spoke Scrambler)",
      "model_ko": "FTR 랠리 (19/18 스포크 스크램블러)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2020–2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FTR 1203 Rally 19/18"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 FTR 랠리",
        "스포크휠 FTR 랠리"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian FTR Rally",
        "FTR 1200 Rally"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1203,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 118,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "150/70R18 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 241,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) FTR Rally (1203cc Spoke Scrambler) (2020–2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian FTR Rally (1203cc Spoke Scrambler) (2020–2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-ftr-rally/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-ftr-rally/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-ftr-rally.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-ftr-sport",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "FTR Sport (1203cc Street Tracker)",
      "model_ko": "FTR 스포츠 (1203 스트리트)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FTR 1203 Trellis Frame"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 FTR 스포츠",
        "FTR S 후속 FTR 스포츠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian FTR Sport",
        "FTR 1200 S / Sport"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1203,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 118,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 237,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) FTR Sport (1203cc Street Tracker) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian FTR Sport (1203cc Street Tracker) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-ftr-sport/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-ftr-sport/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-ftr-sport.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-ftr-super-hooligan",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "FTR x RSD Super Hooligan (1203cc Limited)",
      "model_ko": "FTR x RSD 슈퍼 훌리건 (한정판)",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2024",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "FTR RSD Limited 300"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "FTR 슈퍼 훌리건",
        "롤랜드샌즈 FTR RSD"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian FTR x RSD Super Hooligan",
        "RSD FTR 1200"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1203,
      "power_hp": 120,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 118,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70ZR17 58W",
        "rear_size": "180/55ZR17 73W",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 235,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) FTR x RSD Super Hooligan (1203cc Limited) (2024) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian FTR x RSD Super Hooligan (1203cc Limited) (2024) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-ftr-super-hooligan/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-ftr-super-hooligan/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-ftr-super-hooligan.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-101-scout",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "101 Scout (SpeedPlus 1250)",
      "model_ko": "101 스카우트 (SpeedPlus 1250)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SpeedPlus 1250 Steel-Tube",
        "101 Scout"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 101 스카우트",
        "신형 스카우트 101",
        "스피드플러스 1250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian 101 Scout 1250",
        "2025 Indian 101 Scout"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1250,
      "power_hp": 111,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 109,
      "torque_rpm": 6300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 249,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) 101 Scout (SpeedPlus 1250) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian 101 Scout (SpeedPlus 1250) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-101-scout/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-101-scout/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-101-scout.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-bobber-1250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Scout Bobber 1250 (SpeedPlus Gen-2)",
      "model_ko": "스카우트 바버 1250 (2세대 SpeedPlus)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SpeedPlus 1250 Steel-Tube Bobber"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "신형 스카우트 바버 1250",
        "2025 스카우트 바버"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "2025 Indian Scout Bobber 1250",
        "Gen-2 Scout Bobber"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1250,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 6300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 67H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 649,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 246,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Scout Bobber 1250 (SpeedPlus Gen-2) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Scout Bobber 1250 (SpeedPlus Gen-2) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-scout-bobber-1250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-scout-bobber-1250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-scout-bobber-1250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-scout-classic-1250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Scout Classic (SpeedPlus 1250)",
      "model_ko": "스카우트 클래식 (SpeedPlus 1250)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SpeedPlus 1250 Steel-Tube"
      ],
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        "인디언 스카우트 클래식 1250",
        "2025 스카우트 클래식"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Scout Classic 1250",
        "2025 Scout Classic"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1250,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 6300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 67H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 252,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Scout Classic (SpeedPlus 1250) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Scout Classic (SpeedPlus 1250) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-scout-classic-1250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-scout-classic-1250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-scout-classic-1250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-sport-scout-1250",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Sport Scout (SpeedPlus 1250)",
      "model_ko": "스포츠 스카우트 (SpeedPlus 1250)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SpeedPlus 1250 Steel-Tube"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 스포츠 스카우트",
        "신형 스포츠 스카우트 1250",
        "스카우트 쿼터페어링"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Sport Scout 1250",
        "2025 Sport Scout"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1250,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 6300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 654,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 248,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19
      },
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        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Sport Scout (SpeedPlus 1250) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Sport Scout (SpeedPlus 1250) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-sport-scout-1250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-sport-scout-1250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-sport-scout-1250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-super-scout-1250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Super Scout (SpeedPlus 1250)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼 스카우트 (SpeedPlus 1250)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SpeedPlus 1250 Steel-Tube"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 슈퍼 스카우트",
        "2025 슈퍼 스카우트 1250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Super Scout 1250",
        "2025 Super Scout"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1250,
      "power_hp": 105,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 6300,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.1,
        "with_filter_l": 4.3,
        "overhaul_l": 4.9,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 67H",
        "rear_size": "150/80B16 77H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 680,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 268,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 18.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Super Scout (SpeedPlus 1250) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Super Scout (SpeedPlus 1250) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-super-scout-1250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-super-scout-1250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-super-scout-1250.json"
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    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-challenger-limited",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Challenger Limited / Dark Horse (PowerPlus 108)",
      "model_ko": "챌린저 리미티드 (PowerPlus 108)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PowerPlus 108",
        "Challenger FL"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 챌린저",
        "챌린저 다크호스",
        "챌린저 리미티드",
        "인디언 퍼슈트 호환"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Challenger Limited",
        "Challenger Dark Horse",
        "PowerPlus 108",
        "Indian Pursuit"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1768,
      "power_hp": 122,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 173.5,
      "torque_rpm": 3800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Motorcycle Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.3,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 (Kit 2884171 / HF198)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 66H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LZMAR8AI-10",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "1.0 mm (0.039 in)",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / Indian 12V 18Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM (310 CCA)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 672,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 381,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언 모터사이클 Challenger Limited / Dark Horse (PowerPlus 108) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Indian Motorcycle Challenger Limited / Dark Horse (PowerPlus 108) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-challenger-limited/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-challenger-limited/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-challenger-limited.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-pursuit-dark-horse",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Pursuit Dark Horse (PowerPlus 108)",
      "model_ko": "퍼슈트 다크호스 (PowerPlus 108)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PowerPlus 108 Cast-Aluminum Chassis"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 퍼슈트 다크호스",
        "인디언 퍼슈트",
        "수랭 풀드레서 퍼슈트"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Pursuit Dark Horse",
        "Pursuit PowerPlus 108"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1768,
      "power_hp": 122,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 178,
      "torque_rpm": 3800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.5,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 66H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 672,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 416,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Pursuit Dark Horse (PowerPlus 108) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Pursuit Dark Horse (PowerPlus 108) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-pursuit-dark-horse/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-pursuit-dark-horse/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-pursuit-dark-horse.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-pursuit-limited",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Pursuit Limited (PowerPlus 108 Touring)",
      "model_ko": "퍼슈트 리미티드 (PowerPlus 크롬)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PowerPlus 108 Touring Chassis"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 퍼슈트 리미티드",
        "크롬 퍼슈트 108"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Pursuit Limited",
        "Pursuit Limited PowerPlus 108"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1768,
      "power_hp": 122,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 178,
      "torque_rpm": 3800,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.5,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 66H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 672,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 416,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Pursuit Limited (PowerPlus 108 Touring) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Pursuit Limited (PowerPlus 108 Touring) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-pursuit-limited/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-pursuit-limited/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-pursuit-limited.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-chief-111-base",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Chief Classic / Chief 111 (Thunderstroke 111)",
      "model_ko": "치프 클래식 / 치프 111 (Thunderstroke 111)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2014–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Cast-Aluminum TS111 (2014–2020)",
        "Steel-Tube TS111 (2022 Base)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 치프 111",
        "구형 치프 클래식 111"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Chief Classic 111",
        "Chief Thunderstroke 111"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1811,
      "power_hp": 79,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 146,
      "torque_rpm": 2600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 67H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 357,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Chief Classic / Chief 111 (Thunderstroke 111) (2014–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Chief Classic / Chief 111 (Thunderstroke 111) (2014–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-chief-111-base/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-chief-111-base/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-chief-111-base.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-chief-vintage-111",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Chief Vintage (Thunderstroke 111 Heritage)",
      "model_ko": "치프 빈티지 (Thunderstroke 111)",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2014–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Cast-Aluminum Heritage TS111"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 치프 빈티지",
        "통가죽 프린지 인디언 빈티지"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Chief Vintage 111",
        "Indian Vintage Heritage"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1811,
      "power_hp": 79,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 150,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 379,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Chief Vintage (Thunderstroke 111 Heritage) (2014–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Chief Vintage (Thunderstroke 111 Heritage) (2014–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-chief-vintage-111/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-chief-vintage-111/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-chief-vintage-111.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-springfield-111",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Springfield (Thunderstroke 111 / 116 Classic)",
      "model_ko": "스프링필드 (크롬 클래식 투어러)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Cast-Aluminum Touring TS111 / TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 스프링필드 크롬",
        "스프링필드 클래식"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Springfield Chrome",
        "Springfield TS111 / TS116"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1811,
      "power_hp": 84,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 150,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 379,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Springfield (Thunderstroke 111 / 116 Classic) (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Springfield (Thunderstroke 111 / 116 Classic) (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-springfield-111/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-springfield-111/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-springfield-111.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-challenger-dark-horse",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Challenger Dark Horse 108 / 112 (PowerPlus)",
      "model_ko": "챌린저 다크호스 (PowerPlus 108 / 112)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PowerPlus 108",
        "PowerPlus 112 (2025+)"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 챌린저 다크호스",
        "챌린저 다크호스 112"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Challenger Dark Horse",
        "2025 Challenger Dark Horse 112"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1834,
      "power_hp": 126,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 181,
      "torque_rpm": 3600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.5,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 66H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 672,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 381,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Challenger Dark Horse 108 / 112 (PowerPlus) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Challenger Dark Horse 108 / 112 (PowerPlus) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-challenger-dark-horse/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-challenger-dark-horse/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-challenger-dark-horse.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-roadmaster-powerplus",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Roadmaster PowerPlus 112 (Liquid-Cooled Touring)",
      "model_ko": "로드마스터 파워플러스 112 (수랭 풀투어러)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PowerPlus 112 Fork-Fairing Touring"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "로드마스터 파워플러스",
        "수랭 로드마스터 112"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Roadmaster PowerPlus 112",
        "2025 Roadmaster PowerPlus"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1834,
      "power_hp": 126,
      "power_rpm": 5500,
      "torque_nm": 181,
      "torque_rpm": 3600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 15W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "Indian Full Synthetic 15W-60 JASO MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 4.5,
        "with_filter_l": 4.7,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 66H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8F /REA8MCX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / YIX20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12–18Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 672,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 424,
        "fuel_tank_l": 22.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 32000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 32000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Roadmaster PowerPlus 112 (Liquid-Cooled Touring) (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Roadmaster PowerPlus 112 (Liquid-Cooled Touring) (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-roadmaster-powerplus/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-roadmaster-powerplus/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-roadmaster-powerplus.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-chief-bobber-dark-horse",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Chief Bobber Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "치프 바버 다크호스 (116)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Steel-Tube Chief TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 치프 바버 다크호스",
        "치프 바버 116"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Chief Bobber Dark Horse",
        "Chief Bobber 116"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 162,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 67H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 662,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 315,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Chief Bobber Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Chief Bobber Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-chief-bobber-dark-horse/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-chief-bobber-dark-horse/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-chief-bobber-dark-horse.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-chief-dark-horse",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Chief Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "치프 다크호스 (116)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Steel-Tube Chief 116",
        "TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "치프 다크호스",
        "인디언 치프",
        "치프 바버 다크호스",
        "슈퍼 치프"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Chief Dark Horse",
        "Thunderstroke 116",
        "Chief Bobber Dark Horse"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 162,
      "torque_rpm": 3200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Motorcycle Semi-Synthetic 20W-40 JASO MA / MA2",
        "drain_only_l": 5.2,
        "with_filter_l": 5.7,
        "overhaul_l": 6.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2521421 (Kit 2880912 / HF198)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 283
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DCPR8E (Indian 3088051)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.90 mm (0.035 in)",
        "battery_code": "YTX14AH-BS / Indian 12V 14Ah AGM",
        "battery_spec": "12V 14.0Ah High-CCA AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 662,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 304,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
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      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언 모터사이클 Chief Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116, 2022+) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Indian Motorcycle Chief Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116, 2022+) Official Owner’s Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-chief-dark-horse/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-chief-dark-horse/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-chief-dark-horse.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-chieftain-dark-horse",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Chieftain Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "치프틴 다크호스 (116)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Cast-Aluminum Fairing Bagger TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 치프틴 다크호스",
        "치프틴 116",
        "인디언 배거"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Chieftain Dark Horse",
        "Chieftain 116 Bagger"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 650,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 373,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
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        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Chieftain Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Chieftain Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-chieftain-dark-horse/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-chieftain-dark-horse/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-chieftain-dark-horse.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-chieftain-limited",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Chieftain Limited (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "치프틴 리미티드 (116 크롬)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Cast-Aluminum Bagger TS111 / TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 치프틴 리미티드",
        "크롬 치프틴 116"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Chieftain Limited",
        "Chieftain Limited 116"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 650,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 375,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
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        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
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        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Chieftain Limited (Thunderstroke 116) (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Chieftain Limited (Thunderstroke 116) (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-chieftain-limited/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-chieftain-limited/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-chieftain-limited.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-roadmaster-dark-horse",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Roadmaster Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "로드마스터 다크호스 (116)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Cast-Aluminum Full-Dress Dark Horse TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 로드마스터 다크호스",
        "블랙 로드마스터 116"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Roadmaster Dark Horse",
        "Roadmaster Dark Horse 116"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 673,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 403,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Roadmaster Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Roadmaster Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-roadmaster-dark-horse/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-roadmaster-dark-horse/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-roadmaster-dark-horse.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-roadmaster-elite",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Roadmaster Elite (Thunderstroke 116 Custom)",
      "model_ko": "로드마스터 엘리트 (116 한정판)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Roadmaster Elite Numbered Edition TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 로드마스터 엘리트",
        "한정판 로드마스터 엘리트"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Roadmaster Elite",
        "Limited Roadmaster Elite 116"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 673,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 413,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Roadmaster Elite (Thunderstroke 116 Custom) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Roadmaster Elite (Thunderstroke 116 Custom) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-roadmaster-elite/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-roadmaster-elite/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-roadmaster-elite.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-roadmaster-limited",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Roadmaster / Roadmaster Limited (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "로드마스터 / 로드마스터 리미티드 (116)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Cast-Aluminum Full-Dress TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 로드마스터 116",
        "로드마스터 리미티드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Roadmaster 116",
        "Roadmaster Limited TS116"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 73H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 673,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 412,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Roadmaster / Roadmaster Limited (Thunderstroke 116) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Roadmaster / Roadmaster Limited (Thunderstroke 116) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-roadmaster-limited/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-roadmaster-limited/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-roadmaster-limited.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-sport-chief",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Sport Chief (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "스포츠 치프 (116)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Steel-Tube Chief TS116",
        "Sport Chief"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 스포츠 치프",
        "스포츠치프 116",
        "쿼터페어링 치프"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Sport Chief 116",
        "Sport Chief KYB Fox"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 162,
      "torque_rpm": 3200,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 686,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 311,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Sport Chief (Thunderstroke 116) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Sport Chief (Thunderstroke 116) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-sport-chief/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-sport-chief/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-sport-chief.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-springfield-dark-horse",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Springfield Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "스프링필드 다크호스 (116)",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Cast-Aluminum Touring Frame TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 스프링필드 다크호스",
        "스프링필드 116"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Springfield Dark Horse",
        "Springfield 116"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 92,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 168,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/60B19 61H",
        "rear_size": "180/60R16 80H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 283,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 660,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 358,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Springfield Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Springfield Dark Horse (Thunderstroke 116) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-springfield-dark-horse/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-springfield-dark-horse/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-springfield-dark-horse.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "indian-super-chief-limited",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Indian",
      "brand_ko": "인디언",
      "model": "Super Chief Limited (Thunderstroke 116)",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼 치프 리미티드 (116)",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "Steel-Tube Chief TS116"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "인디언 슈퍼 치프",
        "슈퍼치프 리미티드 116"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Indian Super Chief Limited",
        "Super Chief 116"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1890,
      "power_hp": 89,
      "power_rpm": 4500,
      "torque_nm": 162,
      "torque_rpm": 2900,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 20W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA",
        "api_grade": "Indian Thunderstroke 20W-40 Semi/Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 5,
        "with_filter_l": 5.2,
        "overhaul_l": 5.7,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Indian 2540086 / HF198",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 20
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90B16 67H",
        "rear_size": "180/65B16 81H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 248,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 276,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 248,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "Champion RC10PYPB4 / NGK BKR7EIX",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20HL-BS / GYZ20HL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18–20Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 665,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 335,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.1,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 800,
        "oil_change_km": 8000,
        "oil_filter_km": 8000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 48000,
        "drive_service_km": 8000,
        "valve_check_km": 48000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "인디언(Indian) Super Chief Limited (Thunderstroke 116) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Indian Super Chief Limited (Thunderstroke 116) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/indian-super-chief-limited/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/indian-super-chief-limited/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/indian-super-chief-limited.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-primavera-50-4t",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "Primavera 50 4T 3V i-get",
      "model_ko": "프리마베라 50 4T i-get",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPCA0100",
        "ZAPCD010"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 프리마베라 50",
        "베스파 50cc 4행정"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa Primavera 50 4T",
        "Primavera 50 i-get"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 3.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 3,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 0.95,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 485655 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 110,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4 Rear Hub Oil (110 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-11 45L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-11 56L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 180,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK ER9EH-6N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 115,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 45
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) Primavera 50 4T 3V i-get (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa Primavera 50 4T 3V i-get (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-primavera-50-4t/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-primavera-50-4t/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-primavera-50-4t.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-sprint-50-4t",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "Sprint 50 4T 3V i-get",
      "model_ko": "스프린트 50 4T i-get",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPCA0102",
        "ZAPCD020"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 스프린트 50",
        "스프린트 50cc 4T"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa Sprint 50 4T",
        "Sprint S 50 i-get"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 49,
      "power_hp": 3.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 3,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 0.95,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 485655 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 110,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4 Rear Hub Oil (110 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 200
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK ER9EH-6N",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.6 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 117,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 44
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) Sprint 50 4T 3V i-get (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa Sprint 50 4T 3V i-get (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-sprint-50-4t/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-sprint-50-4t/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-sprint-50-4t.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-et4-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "ET4 125 (LEADER 4T)",
      "model_ko": "ET4 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "1996–2005",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM04000",
        "ZAPM19000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 ET4 125",
        "이티포 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa ET4 125",
        "ET4 125 LEADER"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 10.9,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 10.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.25,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-10 53L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-10 54L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB / Champion RG6YC",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB9-B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 9.0Ah Conventional/AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 112,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) ET4 125 (LEADER 4T) (1996–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa ET4 125 (LEADER 4T) (1996–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-et4-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-et4-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-et4-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gt-125-granturismo",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GT 125 L Granturismo",
      "model_ko": "GT 125 L 그란투리스모",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2003–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM31100"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GT125",
        "그란투리스모 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GT 125 L",
        "Granturismo 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 14.8,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.15,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB10L-BP / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 146,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GT 125 L Granturismo (2003–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GT 125 L Granturismo (2003–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gt-125-granturismo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gt-125-granturismo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gt-125-granturismo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gts-125-ie-super",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTS 125ie Super (Quasar 4V)",
      "model_ko": "GTS 125ie 슈퍼 (쿼사)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2009–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM45300"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 GTS 125ie",
        "베스파 GTS125 쿼사"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTS 125ie Super"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 14.8,
      "power_rpm": 9750,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 8000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.05,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 151,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 32
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTS 125ie Super (Quasar 4V) (2009–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTS 125ie Super (Quasar 4V) (2009–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-125-ie-super/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-125-ie-super/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gts-125-ie-super.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-lx-125-3v",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "LX 125 3V ie",
      "model_ko": "LX 125 3V ie",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM68300",
        "RP8M663"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 LX125 3V",
        "베스파 LX 125 3밸브"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa LX 125 3V",
        "LX125 3Vie"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 11.4,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 10.7,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.05,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-11 45L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-10 54L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7EKB / MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 114,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) LX 125 3V ie (2012–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa LX 125 3V ie (2012–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-lx-125-3v/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-lx-125-3v/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-lx-125-3v.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-lxv-125-ie",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "LXV 125 ie",
      "model_ko": "LXV 125 ie",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2006–2013",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM68102",
        "ZAPM44301"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 LXV125",
        "베스파 엘엑스브이 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa LXV 125",
        "LXV 125ie"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 10.6,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 9.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.15,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-11 45L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-10 54L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB9-B / YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 9.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 118,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) LXV 125 ie (2006–2013) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa LXV 125 ie (2006–2013) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-lxv-125-ie/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-lxv-125-ie/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-lxv-125-ie.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-946-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "946 125 3V (Christian Dior / Bunny / Dragon)",
      "model_ko": "946 125 3V (디올 / 바니 / 드래곤)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2013–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM80100",
        "ZAPMA7100"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 946",
        "베스파 디올",
        "베스파 946 드래곤"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa 946 125",
        "Vespa 946 Christian Dior",
        "Vespa 946 Dragon"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 11.4,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 10.3,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.05,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 147,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 39
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) 946 125 3V (Christian Dior / Bunny / Dragon) (2013–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa 946 125 3V (Christian Dior / Bunny / Dragon) (2013–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-946-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-946-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-946-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gts-125-super",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTS 125 Super i-get",
      "model_ko": "GTS 125 슈퍼 i-get",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMA3100",
        "ZAPMD3200"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GTS 125",
        "GTS125 슈퍼",
        "베스파 지티에스 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTS 125 Super",
        "GTS 125 SuperSport"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 14,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 12,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 0W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 140,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTS 125 Super i-get (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTS 125 Super i-get (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-125-super/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-125-super/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gts-125-super.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-lx-125-iget",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "LX 125 i-get",
      "model_ko": "LX 125 i-get",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RP8M66",
        "ZAPM68"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 LX125",
        "LX 125 아이겟",
        "베스파 엘엑스 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa LX 125 i-get",
        "LX125 i-get"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 10.2,
      "power_rpm": 7600,
      "torque_nm": 10.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.05,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-11 45L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-10 54L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 114,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 42
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) LX 125 i-get (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa LX 125 i-get (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-lx-125-iget/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-lx-125-iget/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-lx-125-iget.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-primavera-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "Primavera 125 i-get ABS",
      "model_ko": "프리마베라 125 i-get ABS",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMA11",
        "ZAPMD11"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "프리마베라 125",
        "베스파 125",
        "베스파 프리마베라",
        "프리마베라 i-get"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa Primavera 125",
        "Piaggio Primavera 125 i-get"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 10.7,
      "power_rpm": 7700,
      "torque_nm": 10.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40 (혹서기 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA_OR_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SL/SN Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 270,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 API GL-4 / GL-5 Hub Gear Oil (270 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-12 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YB9-B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–7.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 130,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "피아지오 베스파 프리마베라 125 i-get ABS 공식 사용 및 정비 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Piaggio Vespa Primavera 125 i-get ABS Official Use & Maintenance Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-primavera-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-primavera-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-primavera-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-s-125-iget",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "S 125 i-get",
      "model_ko": "S 125 i-get",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RP8M662",
        "ZAPM681"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 S125",
        "베스파 에스 125",
        "S 125 아이겟"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa S 125 i-get",
        "Vespa S125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 10.2,
      "power_rpm": 7600,
      "torque_nm": 10.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.05,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-11 45L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-10 54L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 114,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 42
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) S 125 i-get (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa S 125 i-get (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-s-125-iget/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-s-125-iget/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-s-125-iget.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-sprint-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "Sprint 125 / Sprint S 125 i-get ABS",
      "model_ko": "스프린트 125 / S i-get ABS",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMA13",
        "ZAPMD12"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "스프린트 125",
        "베스파 스프린트",
        "베스파 스프린트 S",
        "사각라이트 베스파"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa Sprint 125",
        "Vespa Sprint S 125 i-get"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 10.7,
      "power_rpm": 7700,
      "torque_nm": 10.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40 (혹서기 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA_OR_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SL/SN Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 270,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 API GL-4 / GL-5 Hub Gear Oil (270 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-12 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YB9-B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–7.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 130,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "피아지오 베스파 스프린트 125 / 스프린트 S i-get 공식 사용 및 정비 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Piaggio Vespa Sprint 125 / Sprint S i-get Official Use & Maintenance Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-sprint-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-sprint-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-sprint-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-et4-150",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "ET4 150 (LEADER 4T)",
      "model_ko": "ET4 150",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "1999–2005",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM19001"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 ET4 150",
        "이티포 150"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa ET4 150"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 151,
      "power_hp": 11.8,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.95,
        "with_filter_l": 1.1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.25,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-10 53L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-10 54L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB9-B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 9.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 113,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) ET4 150 (LEADER 4T) (1999–2005) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa ET4 150 (LEADER 4T) (1999–2005) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-et4-150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-et4-150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-et4-150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-946-150",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "946 150 3V (Emporio Armani / Red)",
      "model_ko": "946 150 3V (아르마니 / 레드)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2014–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM80200"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 946 150",
        "베스파 아르마니",
        "베스파 946 레드"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa 946 150",
        "Vespa 946 Emporio Armani",
        "Vespa 946 Red"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 12.9,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 12.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.45,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 147,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 36.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) 946 150 3V (Emporio Armani / Red) (2014–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa 946 150 3V (Emporio Armani / Red) (2014–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-946-150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-946-150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-946-150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gts-150-iget",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTS 150 Super i-get",
      "model_ko": "GTS 150 슈퍼 i-get",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "RP8M4571",
        "ZAPMA3200"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GTS 150",
        "GTS150 슈퍼"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTS 150 i-get",
        "GTS Super 150"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 14.5,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 13.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 0W-30",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 140,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTS 150 Super i-get (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTS 150 Super i-get (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-150-iget/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-150-iget/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gts-150-iget.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-lx-150-3v",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "LX 150 3V ie",
      "model_ko": "LX 150 3V ie",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM68400",
        "RP8M664"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 LX150",
        "LX 150 3밸브"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa LX 150 3V",
        "LX150 ie"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 12.7,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 12.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.05,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-11 45L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-10 54L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7EKB / MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 116,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) LX 150 3V ie (2012–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa LX 150 3V ie (2012–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-lx-150-3v/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-lx-150-3v/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-lx-150-3v.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-primavera-150",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "Primavera 150 i-get ABS",
      "model_ko": "프리마베라 150 i-get ABS",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMA1200",
        "RP8M822"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 프리마베라 150",
        "프리마베라150"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa Primavera 150",
        "Primavera 150 i-get"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 12.7,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 12.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.45,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 270,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-12 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 130,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) Primavera 150 i-get ABS (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa Primavera 150 i-get ABS (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-primavera-150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-primavera-150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-primavera-150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-s-150-ie",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "S 150 ie / S 150 3V",
      "model_ko": "S 150 ie / 3V",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2009–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM68200",
        "ZAPM68401"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 S150",
        "베스파 에스 150"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa S 150 ie",
        "Vespa S 150 3V"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 12.7,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 12.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.05,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.35,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-11 45L",
        "rear_size": "120/70-10 54L",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 160,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB / MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS / YB9-B",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–9.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 115,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) S 150 ie / S 150 3V (2009–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa S 150 ie / S 150 3V (2009–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-s-150-ie/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-s-150-ie/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-s-150-ie.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-sprint-150",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "Sprint 150 / Sprint S 150 i-get ABS",
      "model_ko": "스프린트 150 / S i-get ABS",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMA1400",
        "RP8M8221"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 스프린트 150",
        "스프린트150",
        "스프린트 S 150"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa Sprint 150",
        "Sprint S 150 i-get"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 155,
      "power_hp": 12.7,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 12.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.45,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 270,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47P",
        "rear_size": "120/70-12 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 130,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 37.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) Sprint 150 / Sprint S 150 i-get ABS (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa Sprint 150 / Sprint S 150 i-get ABS (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-sprint-150/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-sprint-150/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-sprint-150.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gt-200-granturismo",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GT 200 L Granturismo",
      "model_ko": "GT 200 L 그란투리스모",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2003–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM31200"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GT200",
        "베스파 그란투리스모 200"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GT 200",
        "Vespa Granturismo 200L"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 198,
      "power_hp": 20,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 17.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.15,
        "overhaul_l": 1.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 220
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB10L-BP / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 148,
        "fuel_tank_l": 10,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GT 200 L Granturismo (2003–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GT 200 L Granturismo (2003–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gt-200-granturismo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gt-200-granturismo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gt-200-granturismo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gt-60-250",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GT 60 250ie (60th Anniversary)",
      "model_ko": "GT 60 250ie",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2006–2007",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM45102G"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GT60",
        "베스파 60주년 250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GT 60 250ie",
        "GT60 Limited Edition"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 244,
      "power_hp": 21.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 20.1,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 155,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GT 60 250ie (60th Anniversary) (2006–2007) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GT 60 250ie (60th Anniversary) (2006–2007) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gt-60-250/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gt-60-250/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gt-60-250.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gts-250-ie",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTS 250ie",
      "model_ko": "GTS 250ie",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2005–2011",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM45100",
        "ZAPM45101"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GTS 250",
        "GTS250ie",
        "구형 베스파 250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTS 250ie",
        "GTS 250 ABS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 244,
      "power_hp": 21.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 20.1,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB10L-BP / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 154,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTS 250ie (2005–2011) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTS 250ie (2005–2011) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-250-ie/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-250-ie/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gts-250-ie.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gtv-250-ie",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTV 250ie (Faro Basso)",
      "model_ko": "GTV 250ie",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2006–2010",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM45102"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GTV250",
        "구형 파로바소 250"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTV 250ie",
        "GTV 250 Navy"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 244,
      "power_hp": 21.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 20.1,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YB10L-BP / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 155,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTV 250ie (Faro Basso) (2006–2010) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTV 250ie (Faro Basso) (2006–2010) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gtv-250-ie/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gtv-250-ie/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gtv-250-ie.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gts-300",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTS 300 HPE / SuperTech",
      "model_ko": "GTS 300 HPE / 슈퍼테크",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMA36",
        "ZAPMD31"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GTS 300",
        "베스파 300",
        "GTS300",
        "베스파 슈퍼테크",
        "베스파 HPE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Piaggio Vespa GTS 300 HPE",
        "GTS Super 300"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 278,
      "power_hp": 23.8,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 26,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA_OR_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SN Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 API GL-4 Hub Gear Oil (250 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EKB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS / YB10L-BP",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 160,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "피아지오 베스파 GTS 300 HPE 공식 사용·정비 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "Piaggio Vespa GTS 300 HPE Official Use & Maintenance Manual"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gts-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gts-300-supersport",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTS 300 Super / SuperSport (Quasar)",
      "model_ko": "GTS 300 슈퍼 / 슈퍼스포츠 (쿼사)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2008–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM45200",
        "ZAPMA3300"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "구형 GTS 300",
        "GTS300 슈퍼스포츠",
        "베스파 쿼사 300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTS 300 Super",
        "GTS 300ie SuperSport"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 278,
      "power_hp": 21.2,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 22.3,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 230
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8EB",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 158,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTS 300 Super / SuperSport (Quasar) (2008–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTS 300 Super / SuperSport (Quasar) (2008–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-300-supersport/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-300-supersport/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gts-300-supersport.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gts-300-touring",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTS 300 Touring",
      "model_ko": "GTS 300 투어링",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPM45202",
        "ZAPMA3304"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GTS 300 투어링",
        "GTS300 투어링"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTS 300 Touring",
        "GTS Touring HPE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 278,
      "power_hp": 23.8,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 26,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 162,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTS 300 Touring (2012–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTS 300 Touring (2012–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-300-touring/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-300-touring/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gts-300-touring.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gtv-300-hpe",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTV 300 HPE (Faro Basso)",
      "model_ko": "GTV 300 HPE (파로 바소)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMD3102",
        "MD31"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GTV 300",
        "베스파 파로바소 300",
        "신형 GTV300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTV 300",
        "GTV 300 HPE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 278,
      "power_hp": 23.8,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 26,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 163,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTV 300 HPE (Faro Basso) (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTV 300 HPE (Faro Basso) (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gtv-300-hpe/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gtv-300-hpe/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gtv-300-hpe.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-sei-giorni-300",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "Sei Giorni 300 HPE (Edition I / II)",
      "model_ko": "세이 조르니 300 HPE",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMA3302",
        "ZAPMD3101"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 세이조르니",
        "세이조르니 300",
        "베스파 넘버6"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa Sei Giorni 300",
        "Sei Giorni II 300 HPE"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 278,
      "power_hp": 23.8,
      "power_rpm": 8250,
      "torque_nm": 26,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.15,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 160,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 30
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) Sei Giorni 300 HPE (Edition I / II) (2018–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa Sei Giorni 300 HPE (Edition I / II) (2018–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-sei-giorni-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-sei-giorni-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-sei-giorni-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "vespa-gts-310",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Vespa",
      "brand_ko": "베스파",
      "model": "GTS 310 / GTS 310 SuperSport",
      "model_ko": "GTS 310 / 슈퍼스포츠",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2025–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZAPMD3300",
        "MD310"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "베스파 GTS 310",
        "신형 GTS310",
        "베스파 310"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Vespa GTS 310",
        "GTS 310 SuperTech"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 310,
      "power_hp": 25,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 28.9,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SL / ACEA A3 Full Synthetic 5W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.35,
        "overhaul_l": 1.55,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "Piaggio 82635R / HF183",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 250,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (200–270 ml rear hub gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-12 51P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 62P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR7BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 163,
        "fuel_tank_l": 8.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 31.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "베스파(Vespa) GTS 310 / GTS 310 SuperSport (2025–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Vespa GTS 310 / GTS 310 SuperSport (2025–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/vespa-gts-310/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/vespa-gts-310/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/vespa-gts-310.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-nht-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "NH-T 125 (NH Trazer 125)",
      "model_ko": "NH-T 125",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PD12C1",
        "NHT125"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "NHT 125",
        "엔에이치티 125",
        "SYM 어드벤처 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM NH-T 125",
        "SYM NH Trazer 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 10.7,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 9.3,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SN Semi-Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-035-010 (Mesh Strainer)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 57S",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17 65S",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 185,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7L-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 818,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 150,
        "fuel_tank_l": 11,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM NH-T 125 (NH Trazer 125) (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM NH-T 125 (NH Trazer 125) (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-nht-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-nht-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-nht-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-wolf-125-nostalgia",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Wolf 125 Nostalgia / Wolf Classic 125",
      "model_ko": "울프 125 노스탤지어 / 클래식",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2005–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "PA12A",
        "PD12A"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "울프125",
        "울프 노스탤지어",
        "울프 클래식 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Wolf Classic 125",
        "SYM Wolf 125 Nostalgia",
        "SYM SB125Ni"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 124,
      "power_hp": 10.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 9.4,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SN Semi-Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-035-010 (Thimble Mesh Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "2.75-18 42P (or 90/90-18)",
        "rear_size": "3.00-17 50P (or 110/80-17)",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9 / D7EA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / 12N7-4A",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0–7.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 121,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.3,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 2000,
        "oil_filter_km": 4000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 8000,
        "drive_service_km": 500,
        "valve_check_km": 6000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Wolf 125 Nostalgia / Wolf Classic 125 (2005–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Wolf 125 Nostalgia / Wolf Classic 125 (2005–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-wolf-125-nostalgia/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-wolf-125-nostalgia/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-wolf-125-nostalgia.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-adx-125",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "ADX 125",
      "model_ko": "ADX 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TEA12T1",
        "TE12W"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "ADX 125",
        "SYM ADX",
        "젯14",
        "SYM 어드벤처 스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM ADX 125",
        "ADX125 Crossover Scooter"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.3,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30 (동절기 한랭지 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SN Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 24,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 or 85W-90 API GL-5 Gear Oil (100 ml drain / 110 ml total)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-13 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ8V / YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 7.0Ah Sealed MF AGM (Idle-Stop Spec)",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 810,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 153,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 38
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM ADX 125 (TEA12T1) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원표 기준",
        "en": "SYM ADX 125 (TEA12T1) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-adx-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-adx-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-adx-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-cruisym-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Cruisym 125 (Cruisym α 125)",
      "model_ko": "크루심 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LN12W8",
        "LX12W"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "크루심 125",
        "크루심 알파 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Cruisym 125",
        "Cruisym Alpha 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 14.3,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 11.8,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen & O-Ring)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 / 10W-40 (110–180 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-14 55P",
        "rear_size": "140/60-13 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9 / CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0–10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 179,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 34
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Cruisym 125 (Cruisym α 125) (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Cruisym 125 (Cruisym α 125) (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-cruisym-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-cruisym-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-cruisym-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-fiddle-iii-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Fiddle III 125i / Fiddle 125",
      "model_ko": "피들 3 125i / 피들 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2014–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XA12A",
        "XB12C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "피들3 125",
        "피들 125 수랭",
        "피들 III"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Fiddle III 125i",
        "SYM Fiddle IV 125 LC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 10.1,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 9.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.85,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen & O-Ring)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 / 10W-40 (110–180 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47J",
        "rear_size": "120/70-12 51J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7HSA / CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 121,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 41
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Fiddle III 125i / Fiddle 125 (2014–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Fiddle III 125i / Fiddle 125 (2014–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-fiddle-iii-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-fiddle-iii-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-fiddle-iii-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-gts-125i-evo",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Voyager / GTS 125i Evo (Joymax 125i)",
      "model_ko": "보이저 125i 에보 / GTS 125i",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2010–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LM12W",
        "LN12W"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "보이저 125 에보",
        "SYM 보이저 125",
        "조이맥스 125i"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM GTS 125i Evo",
        "SYM Joymax 125i",
        "SYM Voyager 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 13,
      "power_rpm": 8750,
      "torque_nm": 10.9,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.85,
        "with_filter_l": 0.95,
        "overhaul_l": 1.05,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen & O-Ring)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 110,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 / 10W-40 (110–180 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/90-13 56P (or 120/70-14)",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 64P (or 140/60-13)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 185,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 245
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 750,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 168,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Voyager / GTS 125i Evo (Joymax 125i) (2010–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Voyager / GTS 125i Evo (Joymax 125i) (2010–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-gts-125i-evo/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-gts-125i-evo/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-gts-125i-evo.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-jet-14-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Jet 14 125 LC",
      "model_ko": "제트 14 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XB12W1",
        "XC12W"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트14 125",
        "제트 14 수랭"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Jet 14 125 LC",
        "Jet 14 125i"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.6,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen & O-Ring)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 / 10W-40 (110–180 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-14 51P",
        "rear_size": "110/80-14 59P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 135,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 39
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Jet 14 125 LC (2017–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Jet 14 125 LC (2017–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-jet-14-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-jet-14-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-jet-14-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-jet-x-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Jet X 125",
      "model_ko": "제트 X 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XA12W1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "제트엑스 125",
        "제트 X 125"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Jet X 125",
        "Jet X 125 TCS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.6,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen & O-Ring)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 / 10W-40 (110–180 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-14 51P",
        "rear_size": "110/80-14 59P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 140,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 39.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Jet X 125 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Jet X 125 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-jet-x-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-jet-x-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-jet-x-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-symphony-st-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Symphony ST 125 (Euro 5 LC)",
      "model_ko": "심포니 ST 125",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "XB12S",
        "XC12S"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "심포니 ST 125",
        "심포니 125 빅휠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Symphony ST 125 LC",
        "Symphony ST 125i"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 12.6,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 11.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen & O-Ring)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 / 10W-40 (110–180 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-16 52P",
        "rear_size": "110/70-16 (or 120/80-14 E5) 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 132,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Symphony ST 125 (Euro 5 LC) (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Symphony ST 125 (Euro 5 LC) (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-symphony-st-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-symphony-st-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-symphony-st-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-drgbt-158",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "DRGBT 158 (DRG 160)",
      "model_ko": "DRGBT 158",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TB16W1",
        "TB16W2"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "SYM DRG 158",
        "드래곤 158",
        "DRGBT"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM DRGBT 158",
        "SYM DRG 160"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 158,
      "power_hp": 15.6,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 15,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.05,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen & O-Ring)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 API GL-5 Rear Gear Oil (100 ml drain / 110 ml total)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-13 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / TTZ7SL",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 803,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 137,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 39.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM DRGBT 158 (DRG 160) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM DRGBT 158 (DRG 160) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-drgbt-158/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-drgbt-158/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-drgbt-158.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-mmbcu-158",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "MMBCU 158 (Mamba)",
      "model_ko": "MMBCU 158 (맘바)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TD16W1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "맘바 158",
        "MMBCU",
        "SYM 맘바"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM MMBCU 158",
        "SYM Mamba 158"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 158,
      "power_hp": 15.6,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 15,
      "torque_rpm": 5500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.05,
        "overhaul_l": 1.2,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen & O-Ring)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 100,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 / 10W-40 (110–180 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-13 53P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 180,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 180,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "TTZ7SL / YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 803,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 136,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 43.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM MMBCU 158 (Mamba) (2022–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM MMBCU 158 (Mamba) (2022–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-mmbcu-158/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-mmbcu-158/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-mmbcu-158.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-cruisym-300",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Cruisym 300 (Cruisym α)",
      "model_ko": "크루심 300 (Cruisym α)",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LX30A2",
        "LN30W"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "크루심 300",
        "크루심 알파 300",
        "보이저 300",
        "SYM 300 스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Cruisym 300",
        "Cruisym Alpha 300",
        "Cruisym 300i"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 278,
      "power_hp": 26,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 26.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-30 (동절기 한랭지 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SN Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.4,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-HM6-000 (Oil Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 (or 85W-90 below 0°C) API GL-5 Gear Oil (160 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-14 55P",
        "rear_size": "140/60-13 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 760,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 194,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM 크루심 300 / 크루심 알파(Cruisym α) 300 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 기준",
        "en": "SYM Cruisym 300 / Cruisym α 300 Official Owner’s Manual Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-cruisym-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-cruisym-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-cruisym-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-joymax-z-plus-300",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Joymax Z+ 300",
      "model_ko": "조이맥스 Z+ 300",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LX30A2",
        "Z300"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "조이맥스 Z 플러스",
        "SYM 조이맥스 300",
        "조이맥스Z+"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Joymax Z+ 300",
        "Joymax Z Plus 300"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 278,
      "power_hp": 25.6,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 26.2,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.2,
        "with_filter_l": 1.2,
        "overhaul_l": 1.4,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-HM6-000 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 API GL-5 Rear Gear Oil (160 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-14 55P",
        "rear_size": "140/60-13 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 747,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 185,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 29.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Joymax Z+ 300 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Joymax Z+ 300 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-joymax-z-plus-300/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-joymax-z-plus-300/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-joymax-z-plus-300.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-maxsym-400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Maxsym 400 (Euro 5)",
      "model_ko": "맥심 400",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "LX40A1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "맥심 400",
        "신형 맥심400i"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Maxsym 400",
        "Maxsym 400 GT"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 399,
      "power_hp": 34,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 39.5,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic Blend 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.5,
        "with_filter_l": 1.7,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1541A-L4A-000 / HF972",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 / 10W-40 (110–180 ml rear reduction gear oil)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15 56S",
        "rear_size": "160/60-14 65S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 13,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 15000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Maxsym 400 (Euro 5) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Maxsym 400 (Euro 5) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-maxsym-400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-maxsym-400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-maxsym-400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-maxsym-tl-500",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Maxsym TL 500 (TL 465)",
      "model_ko": "맥심 TL 500",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2020–2021",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TL47W1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "맥심 TL500",
        "구형 맥심 TL"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Maxsym TL 500",
        "Maxsym TL 465"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 465,
      "power_hp": 40.7,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 42.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Full Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1540A-TL1-000 / HF147",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R15 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R15 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 275,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 6000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM Maxsym TL 500 (TL 465) (2020–2021) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "SYM Maxsym TL 500 (TL 465) (2020–2021) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-maxsym-tl-500/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-maxsym-tl-500/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-maxsym-tl-500.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "sym-maxsym-tl-508",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "SYM",
      "brand_ko": "SYM",
      "model": "Maxsym TL 508",
      "model_ko": "맥심 TL 508",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2022–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TL50W",
        "TL1"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "맥심 TL 508",
        "맥심TL 500",
        "티엘508",
        "SYM 트윈 맥시스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "SYM Maxsym TL 508",
        "Maxsym TL508 Twin",
        "Maxsym TL 500"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 508,
      "power_hp": 45.5,
      "power_rpm": 6750,
      "torque_nm": 49.9,
      "torque_rpm": 5250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 15W-50 (혹서기 고속 투어 허용)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN Fully Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.7,
        "with_filter_l": 2.9,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1540A-TL1-000 / HF147",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 28
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R15 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R15 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 230,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / TTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah Sealed MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 227,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "SYM 맥심 TL 508 (Maxsym TL508) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 및 워크숍 지침 기준",
        "en": "SYM Maxsym TL 508 Official Owner’s Manual & Workshop Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/sym-maxsym-tl-508/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/sym-maxsym-tl-508/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/sym-maxsym-tl-508.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-downtown-st-125i",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "Downtown ST 125i",
      "model_ko": "다운타운 ST 125i",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SK25",
        "V2-A0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 다운타운 125",
        "다운타운 ST125",
        "뉴 다운타운 125i"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO Downtown 125i ABS",
        "New Downtown 125i"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 14.3,
      "power_rpm": 9000,
      "torque_nm": 11.2,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.1,
        "with_filter_l": 1.3,
        "overhaul_l": 1.5,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1541A-LEA7-E00 / HF566",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 195,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 220,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 245
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 178,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) Downtown ST 125i (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO Downtown ST 125i (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-downtown-st-125i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-downtown-st-125i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-downtown-st-125i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-filly-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "Filly 125i ABS",
      "model_ko": "필리 125i ABS",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SN25AA"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 필리 125",
        "필리125 ABS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO Filly 125i",
        "KYMCO Nice 100/125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 9.4,
      "power_rpm": 7000,
      "torque_nm": 9.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.75,
        "with_filter_l": 0.8,
        "overhaul_l": 0.9,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-GY6-900 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-10 50J",
        "rear_size": "100/90-10 56J",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7HSA",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 735,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 109,
        "fuel_tank_l": 5.4,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 46
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 2500,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) Filly 125i ABS (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO Filly 125i ABS (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-filly-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-filly-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-filly-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-g-dink-125i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "G-Dink 125i",
      "model_ko": "지딩크 125i",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SH25"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 지딩크 125",
        "G딩크 125i"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO G-Dink 125i",
        "Yager GT 125i"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 11.8,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 10.9,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KHE7-900 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-13 53P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-12 65P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX9-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 765,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 158,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 33
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) G-Dink 125i (2012–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO G-Dink 125i (2012–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-g-dink-125i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-g-dink-125i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-g-dink-125i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-like-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "Like 125i / Like II 125 ABS",
      "model_ko": "라이크 125i",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TE25AA",
        "D2-A0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 라이크 125",
        "뉴 라이크 125 ABS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO Like 125i",
        "Like 125 Noodoe",
        "Like Colombo 125"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 11.2,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 10.4,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 0.95,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-LDC8-E10 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-12 47M",
        "rear_size": "130/70-12 56M",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 175,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E / LR7D",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 790,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 128,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 40
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) Like 125i / Like II 125 ABS (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO Like 125i / Like II 125 ABS (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-like-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-like-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-like-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-people-s-125",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "People S 125i",
      "model_ko": "피플 S 125i",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "TD25AA",
        "D8-A0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 피플 S 125",
        "피플 125 빅휠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO People S 125i ABS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 125,
      "power_hp": 11.2,
      "power_rpm": 8500,
      "torque_nm": 10.4,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 0.95,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-LDC8-E10 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 120,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/80-16 50P",
        "rear_size": "120/80-14 58P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 185,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E / LR7D",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 130,
        "fuel_tank_l": 6.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 39
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) People S 125i (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO People S 125i (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-people-s-125/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-people-s-125/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-people-s-125.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-krv-180",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "KRV 180 TCS / KRV Moto",
      "model_ko": "KRV 180 TCS",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SA35AA",
        "F0-A0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 KRV 180",
        "KRV180 모토"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO KRV 180 TCS",
        "KRV 180 Moto Chain/Belt"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 175,
      "power_hp": 17,
      "power_rpm": 8000,
      "torque_nm": 15.6,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.8,
        "with_filter_l": 0.9,
        "overhaul_l": 1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KHE7-900 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 150,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Gear Oil (150 ml transmission case)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/70-13 48P",
        "rear_size": "130/70-13 63P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 200,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 185,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 225
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX7A-BS / GTZ8V",
        "battery_spec": "12V 6.5–7.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 795,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 143,
        "fuel_tank_l": 7.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 35
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) KRV 180 TCS / KRV Moto (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO KRV 180 TCS / KRV Moto (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-krv-180/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-krv-180/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-krv-180.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-g-dink-300i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "G-Dink 300i / G-Dink CT300",
      "model_ko": "지딩크 300i / CT300",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2012–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SH60",
        "SK60"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 지딩크 300",
        "G딩크 300i",
        "지딩크 CT300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO G-Dink 300i",
        "Yager GT 300i"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 271,
      "power_hp": 23.8,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 22.5,
      "torque_rpm": 6500,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 1,
        "overhaul_l": 1.1,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KKC4-900 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-13 53P",
        "rear_size": "140/70-12 65P",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 175,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR7EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 183,
        "fuel_tank_l": 9.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 28
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) G-Dink 300i / G-Dink CT300 (2012–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO G-Dink 300i / G-Dink CT300 (2012–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-g-dink-300i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-g-dink-300i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-g-dink-300i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-x-town-300i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "X-Town 300i / X-Town CT300",
      "model_ko": "엑스타운 300i",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "KS60A",
        "SK60C"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 엑스타운 300",
        "X타운 CT300"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO X-Town 300i ABS",
        "X-Town City 300"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 276,
      "power_hp": 24.1,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 25,
      "torque_rpm": 6250,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 0.9,
        "with_filter_l": 1.05,
        "overhaul_l": 1.15,
        "filter_type": "mesh_screen_only",
        "filter_oem_code": "15421-KKC4-900 (Strainer Screen)",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK DPR6EA-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 195,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 27.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 3000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) X-Town 300i / X-Town CT300 (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO X-Town 300i / X-Town CT300 (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-x-town-300i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-x-town-300i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-x-town-300i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-downtown-st-350i",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "Downtown ST 350i / 350i TCS",
      "model_ko": "다운타운 ST 350i",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SK64",
        "C7-A0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 다운타운 350",
        "다운타운 ST350",
        "뉴 다운타운 350i"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO Downtown 350i",
        "New Downtown 350i TCS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 321,
      "power_hp": 28.8,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 30,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1541A-LEA7-E00 / HF566",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 230,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 775,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 189,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) Downtown ST 350i / 350i TCS (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO Downtown ST 350i / 350i TCS (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-downtown-st-350i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-downtown-st-350i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-downtown-st-350i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-dt-x360",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "DT X360 (320 / 350)",
      "model_ko": "DT X360",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SK64D",
        "E8-A0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 DTX360",
        "DT X 360",
        "킴코 어드벤처 스쿠터"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO DT X360",
        "DTX 360"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 321,
      "power_hp": 28.4,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 30,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1541A-LEA7-E00 / HF566",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 230,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/80-14 58S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-13 64S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT12A-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 10.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 194,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 26
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) DT X360 (320 / 350) (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO DT X360 (320 / 350) (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-dt-x360/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-dt-x360/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-dt-x360.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-xciting-s-400i",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "Xciting S 400i / Xciting VS 400",
      "model_ko": "익사이팅 S 400i / VS 400",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SK80AA",
        "D6-A0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 익사이팅 400",
        "익사이팅 S400",
        "익사이팅 VS 400"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO Xciting S 400i",
        "Xciting VS 400 TCS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 400,
      "power_hp": 35.5,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 37.7,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 5W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 1.3,
        "with_filter_l": 1.5,
        "overhaul_l": 1.7,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "1541A-LEA7-E00 / HF566",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 210,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 / SAE 90 Hypoid Gear Oil (180–230 ml)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70-15 56S",
        "rear_size": "150/70-14 66S",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 200,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 225,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 200,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR7E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 1,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YT14B-BS / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 805,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 213,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 24.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) Xciting S 400i / Xciting VS 400 (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO Xciting S 400i / Xciting VS 400 (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-xciting-s-400i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-xciting-s-400i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-xciting-s-400i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-ak-550",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "AK 550",
      "model_ko": "AK 550",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2017–2022",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SAA0AA",
        "E1-A3"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 AK550",
        "에이케이 550"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO AK 550",
        "AK550 ABS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 550,
      "power_hp": 51,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 52,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1541A-LGC6-E00 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R15 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R15 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 275
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 226,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) AK 550 (2017–2022) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO AK 550 (2017–2022) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-ak-550/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-ak-550/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-ak-550.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-ak-550-premium",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "AK 550 Premium",
      "model_ko": "AK 550 프리미엄",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "SAA0BA",
        "F6-A0"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 AK550 프리미엄",
        "신형 AK 550"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO AK 550 Premium",
        "AK 550 ST"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 550,
      "power_hp": 51,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 52,
      "torque_rpm": 5750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_auto_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 2.2,
        "with_filter_l": 2.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.1,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1541A-LGC6-E00 / HF160",
        "level_check_method": "dry_sump_oil_tank_dipstick",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R15 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R15 67H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 275
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 11.2Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 238,
        "fuel_tank_l": 14.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 15000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 20000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) AK 550 Premium (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO AK 550 Premium (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-ak-550-premium/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-ak-550-premium/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-ak-550-premium.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "kymco-myroad-700i",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "KYMCO",
      "brand_ko": "킴코",
      "model": "MyRoad 700i",
      "model_ko": "마이로드 700i",
      "category": "scooter",
      "years_covered": "2011–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "V30000",
        "SA140"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "킴코 마이로드 700",
        "마이로드700i"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "KYMCO MyRoad 700i ABS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 700,
      "power_hp": 58.8,
      "power_rpm": 7250,
      "torque_nm": 63,
      "torque_rpm": 6000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_centrifugal_cvt",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-50",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-40",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MB",
        "api_grade": "API SJ/SL Synthetic 10W-40",
        "drain_only_l": 2.3,
        "with_filter_l": 2.5,
        "overhaul_l": 2.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "1541A-LBA2-E00 / HF147",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_resting_unscrewed",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 320,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 80W-90 Hypoid Gear Oil (320 ml enclosed final gear train)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R15 56H",
        "rear_size": "160/60 R14 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 225,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 225,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 275
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR8E",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7–0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "maxi_scooter",
        "wet_weight_kg": 275,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15.2,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 300,
        "oil_change_km": 5000,
        "oil_filter_km": 5000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 10000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 15000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "킴코(KYMCO) MyRoad 700i (2011–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "KYMCO MyRoad 700i (2011–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/kymco-myroad-700i/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/kymco-myroad-700i/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/kymco-myroad-700i.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-v7-iii-racer",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "V7 III Racer (Limited Numbered)",
      "model_ko": "V7 III 레이서",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGULDV00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 V7 레이서",
        "V7 III 레이서"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi V7 III Racer",
        "V7 Racer 10th Anniversary"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 744,
      "power_hp": 52,
      "power_rpm": 6200,
      "torque_nm": 60,
      "torque_rpm": 4900,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.75,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "2A000633 / HF551",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 500,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (500 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 / 85W-140 GL-5 (160 ml rear shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 56H",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) V7 III Racer (Limited Numbered) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi V7 III Racer (Limited Numbered) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-iii-racer/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-iii-racer/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-iii-racer.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-v7-iii-stone",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "V7 III Stone (750)",
      "model_ko": "V7 III 스톤 750",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2017–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGULDU00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 V7 3 스톤",
        "구형 V7 스톤 750"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi V7 III Stone",
        "V7 III Night Pack"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 744,
      "power_hp": 52,
      "power_rpm": 6200,
      "torque_nm": 60,
      "torque_rpm": 4900,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 1.55,
        "with_filter_l": 1.75,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "2A000633 / HF551",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 500,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (500 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 / 85W-140 GL-5 (160 ml rear shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 56H",
        "rear_size": "130/80-17 65H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CPR8EB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 770,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 209,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) V7 III Stone (750) (2017–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi V7 III Stone (750) (2017–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-iii-stone/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-iii-stone/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-iii-stone.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-v7-special-850",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "V7 Special 850",
      "model_ko": "V7 스페셜 850",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGUKZB00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 V7 스페셜",
        "V7 850 스페셜"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi V7 Special 850",
        "V7 IV Special"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 853,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 6800,
      "torque_nm": 73,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.75,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "2A000633 / HF551",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 500,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (500 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 / 85W-140 GL-5 (160 ml rear shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 M/C 56V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 B17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tube_type",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 270,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 223,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) V7 Special 850 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi V7 Special 850 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-special-850/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-special-850/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-special-850.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-v7-stone-850",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "V7 Stone 850",
      "model_ko": "V7 스톤 850",
      "category": "classic",
      "years_covered": "2021–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGUKZA00",
        "KZ850"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 V7 스톤",
        "V7 850 스톤",
        "신형 V7 스톤"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi V7 Stone 850",
        "V7 IV Stone"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 853,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 6800,
      "torque_nm": 73,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.75,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "2A000633 / HF551",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 500,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (500 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 / 85W-140 GL-5 (160 ml rear shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-18 M/C 56V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 B17 M/C 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 270,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 780,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 218,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) V7 Stone 850 (2021–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi V7 Stone 850 (2021–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-stone-850/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-stone-850/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-v7-stone-850.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-v85-tt",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "V85 TT / V85 TT Travel",
      "model_ko": "V85 TT / 트래블",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2019–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGUKWA00",
        "ZGU85TT"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 V85TT",
        "V85 TT 트래블",
        "브이팔오 티티"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi V85 TT",
        "V85 TT Travel",
        "V85 Strada"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 853,
      "power_hp": 80,
      "power_rpm": 7750,
      "torque_nm": 83,
      "torque_rpm": 5100,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 1.65,
        "with_filter_l": 1.8,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "2A000633 / HF551",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 700,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (700 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 180,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 GL-5 (180 ml rear shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "110/80 R19 59V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R17 69V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 230,
        "fuel_tank_l": 23,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) V85 TT / V85 TT Travel (2019–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi V85 TT / V85 TT Travel (2019–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-v85-tt/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-v85-tt/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-v85-tt.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-v9-bobber",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "V9 Bobber / V9 Bobber Sport",
      "model_ko": "V9 보버",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGU853B",
        "ZGUKYA00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 V9 보버",
        "V9 보버 스포츠"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi V9 Bobber",
        "V9 Bobber Centenario"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 853,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 6800,
      "torque_nm": 73,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.75,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "2A000633 / HF551",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 500,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (500 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 / 85W-140 GL-5 (160 ml rear shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/90-16 67H",
        "rear_size": "150/80 B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8 / CPR8EB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) V9 Bobber / V9 Bobber Sport (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi V9 Bobber / V9 Bobber Sport (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-v9-bobber/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-v9-bobber/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-v9-bobber.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-v9-roamer",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "V9 Roamer",
      "model_ko": "V9 로머",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2016–2023",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGU853R",
        "ZGUKYB00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 V9 로머",
        "V9 크루저"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi V9 Roamer"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 853,
      "power_hp": 65,
      "power_rpm": 6800,
      "torque_nm": 73,
      "torque_rpm": 5000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 1.6,
        "with_filter_l": 1.75,
        "overhaul_l": 2,
        "filter_type": "paper_element",
        "filter_oem_code": "2A000633 / HF551",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 500,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (500 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 160,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 / 85W-140 GL-5 (160 ml rear shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "100/90-19 57H",
        "rear_size": "150/80 B16 71H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK MR8BI-8 / CPR8EB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 785,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 210,
        "fuel_tank_l": 15,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 20.4
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) V9 Roamer (2016–2023) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi V9 Roamer (2016–2023) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-v9-roamer/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-v9-roamer/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-v9-roamer.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-stelvio-1042",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "Stelvio (1042 Compact Block)",
      "model_ko": "스텔비오 1042",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGUMHA00",
        "MH1042"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 신형 스텔비오",
        "스텔비오 1042",
        "모토구찌 스텔비오"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi Stelvio",
        "Stelvio PFF Rider Assistance"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1042,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 8700,
      "torque_nm": 105,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4.5,
        "with_filter_l": 4.9,
        "overhaul_l": 5.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "857187 / HF565",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 GL-5 (200 ml single-sided shaft bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 R19 60V",
        "rear_size": "170/60 R17 72V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8EI-7",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 246,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 19.6
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) Stelvio (1042 Compact Block) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi Stelvio (1042 Compact Block) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-stelvio-1042/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-stelvio-1042/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-stelvio-1042.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-v100-mandello-s",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "V100 Mandello / V100 Mandello S",
      "model_ko": "V100 만델로 / S",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2023–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGUMGA00",
        "MG100"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 V100 만델로",
        "V100 만델로 S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi V100 Mandello S",
        "V100 Mandello"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1042,
      "power_hp": 115,
      "power_rpm": 8700,
      "torque_nm": 105,
      "torque_rpm": 6750,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-50",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic",
        "drain_only_l": 4.5,
        "with_filter_l": 4.9,
        "overhaul_l": 5.3,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "857187 / HF565",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 200,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-140 GL-5 (200 ml single-sided shaft bevel drive)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8EI-7",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.7 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ14S / YTX14-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 12.0Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 815,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 233,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 21.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 12000,
        "oil_filter_km": 12000,
        "air_filter_km": 24000,
        "spark_plug_km": 24000,
        "drive_service_km": 24000,
        "valve_check_km": 24000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) V100 Mandello / V100 Mandello S (2023–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi V100 Mandello / V100 Mandello S (2023–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-v100-mandello-s/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-v100-mandello-s/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-v100-mandello-s.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-griso-1200-8v",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "Griso 1200 8V / 8V SE",
      "model_ko": "그리소 1200 8V SE",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2007–2016",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGULSE00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 그리소 1200",
        "그리소 8V SE"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi Griso 1200 8V SE",
        "Griso 8V Quattrovalvole"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1151,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 7500,
      "torque_nm": 108,
      "torque_rpm": 6400,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 3.3,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "GU30153000 / UFI 23.149 / HF552",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 530,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-90 GL-5 (530 ml 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 380,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 GL-5 (380 ml CARC reactive shaft)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK PMR8B",
        "spark_plug_qty": 2,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 800,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 244,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.7,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) Griso 1200 8V / 8V SE (2007–2016) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi Griso 1200 8V / 8V SE (2007–2016) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-griso-1200-8v/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-griso-1200-8v/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-griso-1200-8v.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-audace-1400",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "Audace 1400 / Audace Carbon",
      "model_ko": "아우다체 1400",
      "category": "cruiser",
      "years_covered": "2015–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGULVC00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 아우다체 1400",
        "아우다체 카본"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi Audace 1400",
        "Audace Carbon"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1380,
      "power_hp": 96,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 121,
      "torque_rpm": 3000,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "887888 / HF552",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 500,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (500 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 240,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 GL-5 (240 ml shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70 R18 63H",
        "rear_size": "200/60 R16 79V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 260,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8F-9 + CPR8EB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 318,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 15
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) Audace 1400 / Audace Carbon (2015–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi Audace 1400 / Audace Carbon (2015–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-audace-1400/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-audace-1400/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-audace-1400.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "moto-guzzi-california-1400-touring",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "Moto Guzzi",
      "brand_ko": "모토구찌",
      "model": "California 1400 Touring / Custom",
      "model_ko": "캘리포니아 1400 투어링",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2013–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZGULVA00"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "모토구찌 캘리포니아 1400",
        "캘리포니아 1400 커스텀"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "Moto Guzzi California 1400 Touring",
        "Eldorado 1400"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 1380,
      "power_hp": 96,
      "power_rpm": 6500,
      "torque_nm": 120,
      "torque_rpm": 2750,
      "clutch_type": "dry_single_plate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / ACEA A3 Synthetic 10W-60",
        "drain_only_l": 3.7,
        "with_filter_l": 4,
        "overhaul_l": 4.2,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "887888 / HF552",
        "level_check_method": "dipstick_threaded_in",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 25,
        "transmission_oil_ml": 500,
        "transmission_oil_spec": "SAE 75W-90 GL-4/GL-5 (500 ml separate 6-speed gearbox)",
        "final_drive_oil_ml": 240,
        "final_drive_oil_spec": "SAE 85W-140 GL-5 (240 ml shaft bevel box)"
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "130/70 R18 63H",
        "rear_size": "200/60 R16 79H",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 280,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 260,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR8F-9 (Inner) + CPR8EB-9 (Outer)",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTX20CH-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 18.0Ah Heavy-Duty AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 740,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_cruiser",
        "wet_weight_kg": 337,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 14.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1500,
        "oil_change_km": 10000,
        "oil_filter_km": 10000,
        "air_filter_km": 10000,
        "spark_plug_km": 20000,
        "drive_service_km": 20000,
        "valve_check_km": 10000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "모토구찌(Moto Guzzi) California 1400 Touring / Custom (2013–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "Moto Guzzi California 1400 Touring / Custom (2013–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/moto-guzzi-california-1400-touring/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/moto-guzzi-california-1400-touring/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/moto-guzzi-california-1400-touring.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-f3-675",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "F3 675 / F3 675 RC",
      "model_ko": "F3 675",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2012–2020",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGF3000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 F3 675",
        "에프쓰리 675"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta F3 675",
        "F3 675 Reparto Corse"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 675,
      "power_hp": 128,
      "power_rpm": 14400,
      "torque_nm": 71,
      "torque_rpm": 10600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000B5425 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 187,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) F3 675 / F3 675 RC (2012–2020) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta F3 675 / F3 675 RC (2012–2020) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-f3-675/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-f3-675/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-f3-675.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-brutale-800-rr",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "Brutale 800 / Brutale 800 RR",
      "model_ko": "브루탈레 800 RR",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2016–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGB3200"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 브루탈레 800",
        "브루탈레 800 로쏘",
        "브루탈레800 RR"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta Brutale 800 RR",
        "Brutale Rosso"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 798,
      "power_hp": 140,
      "power_rpm": 12300,
      "torque_nm": 87,
      "torque_rpm": 10250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000B5425 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) Brutale 800 / Brutale 800 RR (2016–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta Brutale 800 / Brutale 800 RR (2016–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-brutale-800-rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-brutale-800-rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-brutale-800-rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-dragster-800-rr-scs",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "Dragster 800 RR / RR SCS",
      "model_ko": "드랙스터 800 RR / SCS",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2018–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGGBN00",
        "B3800"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 드랙스터 800",
        "드랙스터 800 RR SCS",
        "드랙스터800"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta Dragster 800 RR SCS",
        "Dragster RR"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 798,
      "power_hp": 140,
      "power_rpm": 12300,
      "torque_nm": 87,
      "torque_rpm": 10250,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000B5425 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / 8.6Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 186,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.9
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) Dragster 800 RR / RR SCS (2018–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta Dragster 800 RR / RR SCS (2018–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-dragster-800-rr-scs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-dragster-800-rr-scs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-dragster-800-rr-scs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-f3-800-rr",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "F3 800 / F3 RR",
      "model_ko": "F3 800 / F3 RR",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2014–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGF3100",
        "ZCGF38RR"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 F3 800",
        "F3 RR",
        "에프쓰리 800"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta F3 800",
        "MV Agusta F3 RR",
        "F3 Rosso"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 798,
      "power_hp": 147,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 88,
      "torque_rpm": 10100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000B5425 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / RR Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 191,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) F3 800 / F3 RR (2014–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta F3 800 / F3 RR (2014–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-f3-800-rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-f3-800-rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-f3-800-rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-rivale-800",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "Rivale 800",
      "model_ko": "리발레 800",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2013–2017",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGRV800"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 리발레 800",
        "리발레800"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta Rivale 800",
        "Stradale 800"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 798,
      "power_hp": 125,
      "power_rpm": 12000,
      "torque_nm": 84,
      "torque_rpm": 8600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000B5425 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 881,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 190,
        "fuel_tank_l": 12.9,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) Rivale 800 (2013–2017) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta Rivale 800 (2013–2017) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-rivale-800/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-rivale-800/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-rivale-800.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-superveloce-800",
      "tier": "tier1",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "Superveloce 800 / Superveloce S",
      "model_ko": "슈퍼벨로체 800 / S",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGSV800",
        "F3SV8"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 슈퍼벨로체 800",
        "슈퍼벨로체800",
        "슈퍼벨로체 S"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta Superveloce 800",
        "Superveloce 800 S"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 798,
      "power_hp": 147,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 88,
      "torque_rpm": 10100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000B5425 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "180/55 ZR17 (73W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "LiFePO4 4Ah / YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Factory Lithium / 8.6Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 192,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 16.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) Superveloce 800 / Superveloce S (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta Superveloce 800 / Superveloce S (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-superveloce-800/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-superveloce-800/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-superveloce-800.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-turismo-veloce-800-lusso-scs",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "Turismo Veloce 800 Lusso / Lusso SCS",
      "model_ko": "투리스모 벨로체 800 루쏘 SCS",
      "category": "touring",
      "years_covered": "2015–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGTV800"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "투리스모 벨로체 800",
        "투리스모벨로체 루쏘 SCS"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta Turismo Veloce Lusso SCS",
        "Turismo Veloce Rosso"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 798,
      "power_hp": 110,
      "power_rpm": 10150,
      "torque_nm": 84,
      "torque_rpm": 7100,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 2.8,
        "with_filter_l": 3,
        "overhaul_l": 3.5,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000B5425 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 250,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 290,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 250,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 290
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / YTX12-BS",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6–10.0Ah AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 215,
        "fuel_tank_l": 21.5,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) Turismo Veloce 800 Lusso / Lusso SCS (2015–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta Turismo Veloce 800 Lusso / Lusso SCS (2015–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-turismo-veloce-800-lusso-scs/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-turismo-veloce-800-lusso-scs/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-turismo-veloce-800-lusso-scs.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-enduro-veloce-931",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "Enduro Veloce (931)",
      "model_ko": "엔듀로 벨로체 931",
      "category": "adventure",
      "years_covered": "2024–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGEV931"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 엔듀로 벨로체",
        "럭키 익스플로러 9.5",
        "엔듀로벨로체 931"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta Enduro Veloce",
        "LXP Orioli 931"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 931,
      "power_hp": 124,
      "power_rpm": 10000,
      "torque_nm": 102,
      "torque_rpm": 7000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 5W-40",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000C8500 / HF569",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "90/90-21 M/C 54V",
        "rear_size": "150/70 R18 M/C 70V",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 240,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 260,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 280
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK LMAR9AI-8",
        "spark_plug_qty": 3,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "LiFePO4 / YTZ14S",
        "battery_spec": "12V Lithium / AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 850,
        "seat_arch_factor": "wide_adv",
        "wet_weight_kg": 240,
        "fuel_tank_l": 20,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 17.8
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 15000,
        "oil_filter_km": 15000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 30000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) Enduro Veloce (931) (2024–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta Enduro Veloce (931) (2024–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-enduro-veloce-931/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-enduro-veloce-931/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-enduro-veloce-931.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-brutale-1000-rr",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "Brutale 1000 RR / RS",
      "model_ko": "브루탈레 1000 RR",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGB1000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "브루탈레 1000 RR",
        "브루탈레 1000 RS",
        "브루탈레 1000 세리에오로"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta Brutale 1000 RR",
        "Brutale 1000 RS"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 208,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 116.5,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000A9294 / HF568",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "LiFePO4 4Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V Ultralight Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 197,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.5
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) Brutale 1000 RR / RS (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta Brutale 1000 RR / RS (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-brutale-1000-rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-brutale-1000-rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-brutale-1000-rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-f4-1000-r",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "F4 1000 R",
      "model_ko": "F4 1000 R",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2010–2018",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGF6100"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 F4 1000R",
        "구형 F4 1000"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta F4 1000 R",
        "F4 1000"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 195,
      "power_rpm": 13400,
      "torque_nm": 110.8,
      "torque_rpm": 9600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000A9294 / HF568",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "190/55 ZR17 (75W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah MF AGM",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 204,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.3
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) F4 1000 R (2010–2018) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta F4 1000 R (2010–2018) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-f4-1000-r/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-f4-1000-r/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-f4-1000-r.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-f4-1000-rr",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "F4 1000 RR / F4 RC (Corsacorta)",
      "model_ko": "F4 1000 RR",
      "category": "supersport",
      "years_covered": "2011–2019",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGF6200",
        "ZCGF6300"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 F4 RR",
        "F4 RC",
        "F4 코르사코르타"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta F4 RR Corsacorta",
        "MV Agusta F4 RC"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 201,
      "power_rpm": 13600,
      "torque_nm": 111,
      "torque_rpm": 9600,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 3.2,
        "with_filter_l": 3.7,
        "overhaul_l": 4,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000A9294 / HF568",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 230,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 250
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "YTZ10S / LiFePO4",
        "battery_spec": "12V 8.6Ah AGM / RC Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 830,
        "seat_arch_factor": "narrow",
        "wet_weight_kg": 202,
        "fuel_tank_l": 17,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) F4 1000 RR / F4 RC (Corsacorta) (2011–2019) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta F4 1000 RR / F4 RC (Corsacorta) (2011–2019) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-f4-1000-rr/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-f4-1000-rr/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-f4-1000-rr.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "mv-agusta-rush-1000",
      "tier": "tier2",
      "brand": "MV Agusta",
      "brand_ko": "MV 아구스타",
      "model": "Rush 1000 (Limited Edition)",
      "model_ko": "러쉬 1000",
      "category": "naked",
      "years_covered": "2020–Present",
      "chassis_codes": [
        "ZCGR1000"
      ],
      "aliases_ko": [
        "MV 아구스타 러쉬 1000",
        "러쉬1000"
      ],
      "aliases_en": [
        "MV Agusta Rush 1000"
      ],
      "displacement_cc": 998,
      "power_hp": 208,
      "power_rpm": 13000,
      "torque_nm": 116.5,
      "torque_rpm": 11000,
      "clutch_type": "wet_multiplate_manual",
      "oil": {
        "viscosity_primary": "SAE 10W-60",
        "viscosity_alt": "SAE 10W-60 (F4 / Brutale 1000)",
        "jaso_grade": "JASO_MA2",
        "api_grade": "API SN / JASO MA2 Full Synthetic Ester",
        "drain_only_l": 3.1,
        "with_filter_l": 3.5,
        "overhaul_l": 3.8,
        "filter_type": "spin_on_cartridge",
        "filter_oem_code": "8000A9294 / HF568",
        "level_check_method": "sight_glass_upright",
        "drain_bolt_torque_nm": 35
      },
      "tires": {
        "front_size": "120/70 ZR17 (58W)",
        "rear_size": "200/55 ZR17 (78W)",
        "tire_construction": "tubeless",
        "front_solo_kpa": 230,
        "rear_solo_kpa": 250,
        "front_loaded_kpa": 240,
        "rear_loaded_kpa": 270
      },
      "consumables": {
        "spark_plug_oem": "NGK CR9EIB-9",
        "spark_plug_qty": 4,
        "spark_plug_gap_mm": "0.8–0.9 mm",
        "battery_code": "LiFePO4 4Ah",
        "battery_spec": "12V Ultralight Lithium",
        "brake_fluid": "DOT 4"
      },
      "ergonomics": {
        "seat_height_mm": 845,
        "seat_arch_factor": "standard",
        "wet_weight_kg": 197,
        "fuel_tank_l": 16,
        "est_consumption_km_l": 13.2
      },
      "intervals": {
        "break_in_km": 1000,
        "oil_change_km": 6000,
        "oil_filter_km": 6000,
        "air_filter_km": 12000,
        "spark_plug_km": 12000,
        "drive_service_km": 1000,
        "valve_check_km": 12000
      },
      "manual_source_citation": {
        "ko": "MV 아구스타(MV Agusta) Rush 1000 (Limited Edition) (2020–Present) 공식 오너스 매뉴얼 정비 제원 기준",
        "en": "MV Agusta Rush 1000 (Limited Edition) (2020–Present) Official Owner’s Manual Maintenance Specifications"
      },
      "urls": {
        "ko": "https://motospecdb.com/ko/bikes/mv-agusta-rush-1000/",
        "en": "https://motospecdb.com/en/bikes/mv-agusta-rush-1000/",
        "json": "https://motospecdb.com/api/v1/bikes/mv-agusta-rush-1000.json"
      }
    }
  ]
}
